• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 2017

This study proposes IMToon(IMage-based carToon) which is an image-based cartoon authoring system using an image processing algorithm. The proposed IMToon allows general users to easily and efficiently produce frames comprising cartoons based on image. The authoring system is designed largely with two functions: cartoon effector and interactive story editor. Cartoon effector automatically converts input images into a cartoon-style image, which consists of image-based cartoon shading and outline drawing steps. Image-based cartoon shading is to receive images of the desired scenes from users, separate brightness information from the color model of the input images, simplify them to a shading range of desired steps, and recreate them as cartoon-style images. Then, the final cartoon style images are created through the outline drawing step in which the outlines of the shaded images are applied through edge detection. Interactive story editor is used to enter text balloons and subtitles in a dialog structure to create one scene of the completed cartoon that delivers a story such as web-toon or comic book. In addition, the cartoon effector, which converts images into cartoon style, is expanded to videos so that it can be applied to videos as well as still images. Finally, various experiments are conducted to verify the possibility of easy and efficient production of cartoons that users want based on images with the proposed IMToon system.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2018

Recently, the improvement of virtual reality and augmented reality technologies leverages many new technologies like the virtual study room, virtual architecture room. Such virtual worlds require free handed drawing technology such as writing descriptions of formula or drawing blue print of buildings. In nature, lots of view point modifications occur when we walk around inside the virtual world. Especially, we often look some objects from near to far distance in the virtual world. Traditional drawing methods like using fixed size image for drawing unit is not produce acceptable result because they generate blurred and jaggy result as view distance varying. We propose a novel method which robust to the environment that produce lots of magnifications and minimizations like the virtual reality world. We implemented our algorithm both two dimensional and three dimensional devices. Our algorithm does not produce any artifacts, jaggy or blurred result regardless of scaling factor.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.325-333
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• 2010

Image registration involves overlapping images of an identical region and assigning the data into one coordinate system. Image registration has proved important in remote sensing, enabling registered satellite imagery to be used in various applications such as image fusion, change detection and the generation of digital maps. The image descriptor, which extracts matching points from each image, is necessary for automatic registration of remotely sensed data. Using contrast enhancement algorithms such as histogram equalization and image stretching, the normalized data are applied to the image descriptor. Drawing on the different spectral characteristics of high resolution satellite imagery based on sensor type and acquisition date, the applied normalization method can be used to change the results of matching interest point descriptors. In this paper, the matching points by scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) are extracted using various contrast enhancement algorithms and injection of Gaussian noise. The results of the extracted matching points are compared with the number of correct matching points and matching rates for each point.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.391-397
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• 2019

Ink painting is an important art creation method in oriental culture. Although ink painting lacks of sense of reality compared to western painting, it contains its unique drawing skills, which is of great significance to the inheritance and development of Oriental culture. Animation or game utilizing by ink painting technique are derivative contents from ink painting. This paper will through research the brief history of 3D ink contents works and traditional drawing skills to research existing ink works' art characters and the general production method. Also describe the extensibility of 3D ink animation contents. There has extremely high research value of new convergence contents as mobile game, VR / AR etc. And according to those research ink style image contents can be assumed get further development in the future.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.390-396
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• 2024

Vision Transformer (ViT) learns relationships between patches, but it may overlook important features such as color, texture, and boundaries, which can result in performance limitations in fields like medical imaging or facial recognition. To address this issue, this study proposes the Pairwise Attention Reinforcement (PAR) model. The PAR model takes both the training image and a reference image as input into the encoder, calculates the similarity between the two images, and matches the attention score maps of images with high similarity, reinforcing the matching areas of the training image. This process emphasizes important features between images and allows even subtle differences to be distinguished. In experiments using clock-drawing test data, the PAR model achieved a Precision of 0.9516, Recall of 0.8883, F1-Score of 0.9166, and an Accuracy of 92.93%. The proposed model showed a 12% performance improvement compared to API-Net, which uses the pairwise attention approach, and demonstrated a 2% performance improvement over the ViT model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.3963-3970
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• 2009

This study proposes a method to evaluate the level of 'soft-hard' of color quantitatively by evaluating the shape with edge sharpness automatically and by evaluating color in the color image scale in a drawing in art therapy using a computer. The dependent variable is the rank for the color experts to rate the level of 'soft-hard'. The mean and standard deviation of Value(V), and Chroma(C), colors, main color, clusters, length of edge, and sharp line rate of edge are considered as the independent variable. The appropriate independent variables to explain the dependent variable are selected through the step wise regression analysis. The inter-rater reliability of two raters is checked and the validity of developed system is verified by the rank correlations coefficient between the ranks of rater's and system's. This system can be used to evaluate of the shape or color in a drawing objectively and quantitatively for art therapy assessment, and to give the useful information to the fashion, textile, interior industry as well as color psychology and art therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify how realism of pedagogical agent can have impacts on persona effect and cognitive load factors. Eighty-two college students participated, and the independent variables of this study were the degree of image details and presence of gesture. The degree of image details were picture, illustration, and line-drawing. The $3{\times}2$ factorial design was applied. There was a significant interaction effect on the engaging of agent persona instrument. When the learners were under the condition of line-drawing agent without gesture, they showed the highest score on engaging of the agent persona instrument. Regarding the cognitive load factors, when learners under the condition of line-drawing showed the highest score of self-evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.655-673
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• 2014

We investigated perceptions and image analysis on scientists studying small organisms reflected in elementary student's drawing using a modified version of the Drawing-A-Scientist-Test. The participants were 530 of fifth and sixth graders consisted of 449 ordinary students and 81 science gifted students. The data were collected from associated words, images and explanatory notes depicted by students engaged in questionnaires. The results indicated that a larger number of students reminded small sized animals and/or plants as words associated with small organisms. In addition, some students depicted anthropomorphic or abstract microorganisms. In this study, more stereotypes of scientists' appearance were exhibited at sixth graders and city region group. Most of the students depicted indicators such as lab coat, glasses, scientific instruments for observing, indoor, male and young, whereas only a few students depicted collaborative work. There was statistically significant difference between girls and boys, because boys perceived male scientists only, while half of girls depicted female. More frequent research instruments and scientific captions were used when science gifted students depicted scientists studying small organisms. These results could be contributed to education on microorganisms in elementary science.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2020

Recently, as a BIM-based construction simulation system, 4D CAD tools using virtual reality (VR) objects are being applied in construction project. In such a system, since the expression of the object is based on VR image, it has a sense of separation from the real environment, thus limiting the use of field engineers. For this reason, there are increasing cases of applying augmented reality (AR) technology to reduce the sense of separation from the field and express realistic VR objects. This study attempts to develop a methodology and BIM module for the pre-construction verification system using AR technology to increase the practical utility of VR-based BIM objects. To this end, authors develop an AR-based drawing verification function and drawing object-based 4D model augmentation function that can increase the practical utility of 2D drawings, and verify the applicability of the system by performing case analysis. Since VR object-based image has a problem of low realism to field engineers, the linking technology between AR object and 4D model is expected to contribute to the expansion of the use of 4D CADsystem in the construction project.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.433-438
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• 2019

This paper proposes a method of improving deep learning based numbers and characters recognition performance on parts of drawing through image preprocessing. The proposed character recognition system consists of image preprocessing and 7 layer deep learning model. Mathematical morphological filtering is used as preprocessing to remove the lines and shapes which causes false recognition of numbers and characters on parts drawing. Further.. Further, the used deep learning model is a 7 layer deep learning model instead of VGG-16 model. As a result of the proposed OCR method, the recognition rate of characters is 92.57% and the precision is 92.82%.