• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.165-172
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.83-90
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• 2004

The drawbead is one of the most important factors in sheet metal forming for automotive parts. So clarifying the friction characteristics between sheets and drawbead is essential to improve the formability of sheet metal. Therefore in this study, drawbead friction test was performed at various panels(cold rolled steel sheets, galvanized steel sheets, electrogalvanized coating steel sheets, electrogalvanized Zn-Fe alloy steel sheets and aluminum alloy steel sheets). Circular shape bead has been used for the test. The results show that friction and drawing characteristics were mainly influenced by the nature of zinc coating.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

The study aims to analyze the geometric characteristics of the pointed arches proposed by Al-Kāshī in his book "Miftāḥ al-Ḥisāb" (Key of Arithmetic) and investigate their planning principles, architectural application, and typological characteristics. Al-Kāshī completed this significant work in 1427 and dedicated it to Ulugh Beg, a Timurid Sultan in Samarkand. In the ninth chapter, titled "Al-'Imārāt wa al-Abnīya" (Amīr's Mansion and Building), Al-Kāshī sought to measure the surface areas and volumes of barrel vaults (Azaj) and domes (Qubba). To achieve this, he proposed five kinds of pointed arches (Ṭāq) and analyzed their drawing methods and composition principles. The Īwān and Qubba structures, which are curved architectural elements, hold significant importance in Islamic architecture. However, previous research has predominantly focused on comparing the drawings in Al-Kāshī's book with historical buildings, neglecting the inherent characteristics of the drawings themselves. This study intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of Al-Kāshī's remarkable work and shed light on the geometric aspects of monumental structures in the Timurid Period.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.36
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• pp.105-134
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• 2009

Since long ago, "The Discourse of Confucius" has been considered as one of the must-read classical literatures in the world of art. The term Huì-shì-$h{\grave{o}}u-s{\grave{u}}$ (繪事後素) in this literature is not only known by the painter but is also known to anyone who discuss about pictures. However, there is a great diversity of interpretation between its meaning of "drawing a picture is done when its basis is ready" or "drawing a picture is done later when completed with white color". The method of drawing does not change much with time. Scholars usually consider professional paintings conventional and don't understand well the white characteristics of the painting technique. In any case, it is basic to deal with the basis before drawing but completing the picture, finishing with white is not so common. Paintings from ancient times are not so different from today's silk pictures. Because Huì-shì-$h{\grave{o}}u-s{\grave{u}}$(繪事後素) fostered the attainments being the basis of life and the artistic sense, it remains as the aesthetics to many artists. The interpretation of Huì-shì-$h{\grave{o}}u-s{\grave{u}}$(繪事後素) is related to the change with time in 'The theory of courtesy(禮論)' but this study focused purely from the artistic point of view.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

The welding methods have been applied in the most structural products from multi-field of automobile, ship construction and construction, and so on. The structure steel must have enough strength of structure. In this study, SS400 steel and STS304 steel were used to estimate the corrosion characteristics of the weld thermal cycle simulated HAZ. To evaluate the corrosion characteristics, also, the materials with two conditions were used in 3.5% NaCl. The one is to the drawing with diameter of ${\Phi}10$ and the other is to the residual stress removal treatment. The electrochemical polarization test and immersion test were carried out. From test results, corrosion potential, corrosion current density, weight loss ratio and corrosion rate were measured. In the kinds of SS400 steels, corrosion potential of weld thermal cycle simulated specimens after the heat treatment showed somewhat the direction of noble potential. And in the base metal to be drawing weight loss ratio and corrosion rate occurred higher than the other kinds. In the kinds of STS304 steels, the result of base metal to be drawing was similar to results of SS400 steels, too. Two kinds of $750^{\circ}C$ and $1300^{\circ}C$ of weld thermal cycle simulation after the heat treatment were rather higher than the other kinds in weight loss ratio and corrosion rate.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

The application of computer graphics, which is characterized by reality, has even reinforced reality of image and motion expression in digital animation. But reality of digital animation succeeds to traditional aesthetic characteristics of animation for overcoming physical limitations of the real world and realizing imagination through transformation, rather than copying actuality as it is. But it does not succeed to drawing animation wholly. Digital animation adds cartoonish transformation, based on three-dimensional realistic expression and those animation situations look as if they get over realistic restrictions, while drawing animation constantly reminds of mediality in drawing motion, based on two-dimensional plane and handwork. n other words, cartoonish exaggeration that is intermittently inserted between these reinforced realities, expresses digital animation's own aesthetic characteristics as a dialectical sum by crashing into contrast coming from a cross between reality and imagination.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.783-794
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• 2001

This research focuses its study on the expressions of the visual images of the fashion illustration as a part of visual art and utilizes it to formulate the theoretical basis. Main findings of our research are as follows: The structure of communications in the fashion illustration is based on the four elements. They are the expression of the texture, drawings, composition, and the human body and dress. The characteristics in expression of texture level in fashion illustration can be the expression of creative texture in pattern or crease, and also can be expressed as various collage and photomontage by computer graphics. Secondly, the analysis on the characteristics of the drawings show that the drawing skills are imagination and sequential drawings. Thirdly, the characteristics of composition method are mainly shown as the application of plane composition which was previously used in avant-garde arts. Fourthly, most of the human body in the fashion illustrations are shown as the results of simplification, exaggeration and deformation in human body and also expressed or analyzed by the method of the body modification. Based on the above findings of this research we conclude that the way of expression in the fashion illustration is very similar in its composition as in visual art. However, they also show differences between the two in expression method or the method for the image development in specific expressions.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

This study will establish the transformal characteristics of architectural visual information by investigating: how contemporary architects perceive and process multifaceted architectural information via the expression media since 1970s. The purposes and results of this study are summarized as follows: This study established the contemporary transformal characteristics by comparing the expression methods of traditional architects with the transformal characteristics of visual information derived from the contemporary architectural expression media. In a pluralistic information society, the expression methods of the past, which recognize space as a stationary, unidimensional visual point on a drawing surface, is now changing to the mixed, multidimensional expression methods that connect various visual points on a limited drawing surface. Furthermore, the rapid advancement of digital media is changing, from a method which simply arranges visual information, to a flexible visual tool which can process architecture sequentially and simultaneously. As the communication structure of architecture is moving toward an individual-centered two-way communication type, the information delivery method is used to visualize conceptual, inferential information, rather than visualizing realistic information which simply records facts. In the past, multidimensional, non-linear forms could not be processed by the conventional design processes and sketch work, but now they can be expressed via digital media.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

The subject of this study is to find out the characteristics of spacial expression in 'Le Carceri' of Giovannibattista Piranesi. Piranesi was the classicist from using classical motif. But for using itself he was not absolute canon of classical but playing tool. Because his etchings of perspective were presented the modernity not fixed the frame. The etchings of Le Carceri were characterized the dark, deep, heavy and devastating. In conclusion, the characteristics of spacial composition in his etchings were presented the simultaneity of time both classic and contemporary time. And it could represented the nonexistent of structurality for visual rationality. Architectural & de-architectural elements of his drawing were become in fragments. So the fragmented elements, his etchings have shawn the off-center to cast off the classical concept. And also the body of human was become the thing of object in his drawing. That is, it was inverted the subject and the object and the function of prison depicted in canvas is disappeared. This is the point of evocation in Piranesi' idea.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.15 no.3 s.84
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• pp.232-240
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• 2006

Magnesium alloys are expected to be widely used fur the parts of structural and electronic appliances due to their lightweight and EMI shielding characteristics. While the die casting has been mainly used to manufacture the parts from the magnesium alloys, the press forming is considered as an alternative to the die casting for saving the manufacturing cost and improving the structural strength of the magnesium alloy parts. However, the magnesium alloy has low formability at room temperature and therefore, in many cases, forming at elevated temperatures is necessary to obtain the required material flow without failure. In the present study, square cup deep drawing tests using the magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet were experimentally conducted at various elevated temperatures as well as room temperature, and the corresponding finite-element simulations, which calculated the damage evolution based on the Oyane's criterion, were conducted using the stress-strain relations from the tensile tests at various temperatures. The formability predictability by the finite-element analysis was investigated by comparing the predicted damage distributions over the deformed AZ31 sheet at elevated temperatures with the corresponding experimental deformations with failures.