• 제목/요약/키워드: Drawing Angle

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The A Study on the Non-powered Circulator to Solve the Temperature Stratification of a Convection Heating Device during Winter Using 3D Printer (3D프린터를 이용한 겨울철 대류난방기구의 온도 성층화 해결을 위한 무동력 서큘레이터 디자인에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Hee-Ra
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.285-292
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    • 2021
  • Due to the recent Corona 19 outbreak, camping culture is rapidly drawing attention from many people. Convective heating devices, which many campers use during winter, have the temperature stratification problem. To solve this problem, various power circulators are being used. Several non-powered circulators are also on sale, but the direction of the circulator is designed to be at the right angle relative to the convection heating mechanism and the circulator does not properly play the role of air circulation. To solve this problem, a 3D printer is used to design a non-powered circulator in the same direction as the convection heating mechanism. Electricity is generated without power using Peltier element and ceramic paper and the circulator is produced to withstand heat using HTPLA-CF filament. This study presents a method to solve the temperature stratification problem through efficient convective circulation. In addition, the purpose of this study is to manufacture products at a lower cost by using a 3D printer.

Analysis of vehicle progress before and after a collision using simulation (시뮬레이션을 이용한 충돌 전후 차량 진행궤적 분석)

  • Han, Chang-Pyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.402-408
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    • 2021
  • Vehicle engineering analysis in the event of an accident caused by a car built on mechanical design has not been investigated in-depth but relies on the subjective experience knowledge of the investigator. This study analyzed the correlation between the speed, progress, steering, and braking before impact, which is consistent with the final stop position, by drawing a site situation chart using the CAD (CAD) program and repeating 250 crashes using the PC-Crash program. The following situations were investigated: lower impact velocity; greater impact speed of the vehicle, which is not affected significantly by the departure angle; higher vehicle speed, such as the effective impact velocity, after the impact; higher vehicle speed; and lower vehicle speed. (Ed note: I am unsure what you are saying here. It appears contradictory and not a complete sentence. Please check the changes.)The simulation results of this study identified the process of returning to the magnetic progression lane after recognizing the opposite porter while Mighty was carried out on the uphill left-curve section in a position that crossed the center line, and the collision of the porter's front left side, pushing the porter in the right diagonal direction and making the front stop towards approximately 11 o'clock.

Crack detection in folded plates with back-propagated artificial neural network

  • Oguzhan Das;Can Gonenli;Duygu Bagci Das
    • Steel and Composite Structures
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.319-334
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    • 2023
  • Localizing damages is an essential task to monitor the health of the structures since they may not be able to operate anymore. Among the damage detection techniques, non-destructive methods are considerably more preferred than destructive methods since damage can be located without affecting the structural integrity. However, these methods have several drawbacks in terms of detecting abilities, time consumption, cost, and hardware or software requirements. Employing artificial intelligence techniques could overcome such issues and could provide a powerful damage detection model if the technique is utilized correctly. In this study, the crack localization in flat and folded plate structures has been conducted by employing a Backpropagated Artificial Neural Network (BPANN). For this purpose, cracks with 18 different dimensions in thin, flat, and folded structures having 150, 300, 450, and 600 folding angle have been modeled and subjected to free vibration analysis by employing the Classical Plate Theory with Finite Element Method. A Four-nodded quadrilateral element having six degrees of freedom has been considered to represent those structures mathematically. The first ten natural frequencies have been obtained regarding healthy and cracked structures. To localize the crack, the ratios of the frequencies of the cracked flat and folded structures to those of healthy ones have been taken into account. Those ratios have been given to BPANN as the input variables, while the crack locations have been considered as the output variables. A total of 500 crack locations have been regarded within the dataset obtained from the results of the free vibration analysis. To build the best intelligent model, a feature search has been conducted for BAPNN regarding activation function, the number of hidden layers, and the number of hidden neurons. Regarding the analysis results, it is concluded that the BPANN is able to localize the cracks with an average accuracy of 95.12%.

Development of Knee Weight-bearing Radiography Assist Device (무릎 체중부하 촬영 보조장치 개발)

  • Yon-Lae Kim;Young-Woo Yoon
    • Journal of radiological science and technology
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.395-399
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    • 2023
  • The knee arthritis patients are generally performed standing position radiography. However, patients with pain caused by degenerative diseases or injuries in the knee have difficulty maintaining a standing position. Therefore, this study aims to develop a knee joint standing weight bearing projection assist device to solve these problems when patients undergo knee radiography due to various diseases. The design of the knee joint weight-bearing radiography assist device is carried out with 3D design and drawing production to secure basic data, electric support and frame manufacture. A fixed device for maintaining the patient's knee standing weight-bearing projection, an electric digital height device, a digital protractor, and a safety device were designed. The arm support is made of PVC with a cushion to relieve the impact and make it easier to remove debris. The digital electric device can be moved up and down according to the patient's height, and a remote control is attached. The safety device is made to be adjustable in size by attaching metal hooks on both sides of the frame and to shield the scrotum. A digital protractor was attached to the side frame to set the desired knee angle. When a self-made assist device was used to perform a knee joint standing weight bearing projection, it helped maintain arm support and lower extremities position. In addition, the height could be adjusted using an assist device during standing projections, which helped the patient maintain the position.

An analysis of the dental arch and skeletal characteristics in adult patients exhibiting open bite (Openbite을 나타내는 성인의 치열 특성 및 그에 따른 골격적 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Jin-Woo
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.34 no.4 s.105
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    • pp.289-301
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    • 2004
  • It is the purpose of this study to characterize oral symptoms and to comprehend the cause and the relapse possibility of patients with open bite. This case study examines the orthodontic treatment of a group of female patients with open bite and Angle's Class I malocclusion. A cephalograph of the patient was taken and tracing of the radiograph was completed. In addition to Bjork and Ricketts analysis, additional measurements of specific areas were taken. The occlusal plane was determined by drawing a line connecting the mesiobuccal cusp tip of the maxillary first molar and the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisors. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the relationship between the marginal ridge of the maxillayy first premolar and the drawn line. Those patients with marginal ridges above the occlusal plane were placed into Group 1, while Group 2 subjects exhibited marginal ridges lower than the occlusal plane. The common characteristics within each group and the characteristic differences between each group both prior to and after orthodontic treatment were examined, and finally, the functional oral volume of each patient was analyzed. The results of the case study were as follows: 1. An examination of the skeletal relationship and anatomical form for both Group 1 and 2 showed that all subjects exhibited hyperdivergent skeletal forms, but Group 2 subjects generally demonstrated underdevelopment of the mandible and a smaller articular angle, resulting in an anterior positioning tendency of the mandible. 2. An analysis of the maxillary arches of Group 1 subjects prior to and after orthodontic treatment showed that the antero-inferior direction had changed to an antero-superior directional tendency, while the maxillary arches of the Group 2 patients showed a trend from an antero-superior direction to an antero-inferior relationship. The mandibular arches in both groups showed a change to an antero-superior direction. 3. Functional space analysis showed that Group 2 patients exhibited a greater tendency of haying palatal planes that drop in a postero-inferior direction, resulting in a more severe open bite than their Group 1 counterparts. The results of this case study show that although patients belonging to either Group 1 or 2 exhibited few external differences in the appearance of open bite, an examination of the dental and skeletal relationships by analyzing patient cephalographs showed that patients presenting with flat maxillary occlusal planes exhibited more severe open bite relationships than patients with curved occlusal planes.

Biomechanical Effectiveness and Anthropometric Design Aspects of 3-dimensional Contoured Pillow

  • Kim, Jong Hyun;Won, Byeong Hee;Sim, Woo Sang;Jang, Kyung Seok
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.503-517
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    • 2016
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 dimensional contoured pillow through analyzing contact pressure and to suggest its design guidelines through analyzing the posture of head and neck area. Background: The quality of sleep is a very important factor closely related with human's health. To improve the quality of sleep, the verification of design factors affecting the posture of the head and neck is needed, and a pillow design that can induce proper posture is required. Method: This study measured the contact pressures of the two reference groups (bead and cotton pillows) as a method to evaluate the design effectiveness of the contoured pillow. This study proposed 3-dimensional design guidelines by drawing anthropometry (head length) affecting cervical curvature angle (CCA) through the measurement of the participants' cervical curvature angles. Results: In the design effectiveness evaluation, the contact pressure of cervical region was higher than that of a reference group (cotton pillow), and contract area increased, and contract pressure decreased in the shape distributing the occipital region's body pressure. This study proposed pillow's cervical supporting height by percentile of a head length [head length (%tile) (cervical supporting height) affecting the posture of the head and neck: 14.6cm (5%tile) (6.2cm), 15.5cm (25%tile) (6.7cm), 16.4cm (50%tile) (7.1cm), and 19.3cm (75%tile) (8.9cm)]. Conclusion: This study confirmed the contoured pillow's design effectiveness maintaining cervical angle comfortable to sleep with the shape supporting the cervical vertebrae and by reducing the contact load of the occipital region. Also, this study proposed pillow design guidelines based on the 3-dimensional contoured pillow design effectiveness, through which the study laid the foundation for pillow design in a systematic method. Application: The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basis data by which the optimum pillow type and pillow design according to main percentile can be standardized.

A STUDY OF THE NORMAL & ABNORMAL OCCULSAL PATERNS IN ADULTS USING THE SUPERIMPOSED RUBBER PATTERN METHOD (Superimposed Rubber Pattern법에 의한 성인 정상 및 비정상 교합자의 교합 양상에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Dae-Gyun;Lee, Sung-Bok;Kwon, Young-Hyuk;Choi, Boo-Byung
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.467-491
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    • 1995
  • In order to analyze the occlusin of intercuspation with maximun bite force, fifteen healthy adult subjects with the ages 23 to 27 were studied(Group1 ; 5-normal occlusion with Angle's Class1, Group2 ; 5-Angle's Class2 malocclusion, Group3 ; 5-Angle’s Class3 malocclusion). Head Position was fixed with occlusal plane paralleling to horizontal line and occlusal registration r cord was made with polyether rubber impression material(Ramitec, ESPECo. West Germany). After all subject were trained for maximum intercuspation at least 5 times, occlusal registration procedure was repeated for this study. Lower posterior rubber occlusal registration records were sliced with 1mm thickness using precision metal sliding channel(Hitachi Ind. Co., Japan). Gross sectional drawings were traced from occluding view of upper and lower posterior teeth on the rubber slices using digitizer, and superimposed for the determination of each drawing distance(Superimposed Rubber Pattern Method). Based on superimposed rubber pattern drawings, total area of occlusal view, sum of each area of the 5 divided occlusal contact provinces and its ratio, total area and number of occlusal contact area were determined to elucidate occlusal stability in the normal and abnormal occlusion groups. The data were analysed by t-test(p=0.05) to determine statistical significance. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Group1 showed the largest standard area with occlusal view of the lower posterior teeth and Group3 showed the smallest area. There was a significant difference between Group2 and Group3(p=0.025), and Gropu1 was not statistically different for both Group2 and Group3. 2. Means and ratio of the under 2.0mm area(D) and ratio showed $197.49mm^2$, 59.76% in Group1, $188,69mm^2$, 56.10% in Group2, and $174.23mm^2$, 55.76% in Group3. The results that Group1 has the most area/ratio and Group3 has the least area/ratio can be considered Group1 is the most advantageous for masticatory effective area, and Group3 is the least adnantageous. 3. Means and ratio of the under 1.0mm area(C) were $198.96mm^2$, 42.65% in Group1, 123.06$mm^2$, 46.58% in Group2, and $92.24mm^2$, 29.52% in Group3. These data means that Group1 is the most advantageous in terms of masticatory effective area and Group3 is the least. 4. Means and ratio of the under 0.5mm area(B) were $86.68mm^2$, 26.68% in Group1, $62.98mm^2$, 18.71% in Group2, and $36.44mm^2$, 11.66% in Group3. These can also be considered Group1 is the most advantageous for masticatory effective area and occlusal stability. 5. Means and ratio of the under 0.05mm area(A) were $30.92mm^2$, 9.21% in Group1, $14.31mm^2$, 4.25% in Group2, and $7.59mm^2$, 2.43% in Group3. The area ratio of the each subject group was(4.1) : (1.9) : (1)and the data of the under 0.05mm area has the intimate relationship with inter-group and intra-group data/ratio. 6. First molar showed the most occlusal contact points in all subject group and Group1 showed somewhat uniformly distributed occlusal contact point except first premolar. In Group2, all contact point in posterior teeth showed significantly reduced distribution except first molar. Group3 showed evenly distributed contace points in first and second molars.

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Landscape Assessment and Improvement of the View Area by Selecting the Landscape Control Point (조망점 선정을 통한 대상지의 경관가치 평가 및 개선방안)

  • Kim, Jin-Hyo;Lee, Hyun-Taek;Ra, Jung-Hwa;Cho, Hyun-Ju;SaGong, Jung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.19-32
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to quantitatively measure the view target and the view area through the selection of landscape control point by selecting Jimyeong-dong Dong-gu and Yeongyeong-dong Buk-gu Daegu, which are planned as the large scale housing complex development area, as the target places. It is very meaningful that from the simulation based on this measurement, the improvement methods are attempted to be suggested at the project level. The results of this study are as follows. First, the total number of viewing targets derived from the literature analysis for the selection of the viewing targets was 24, and finally derived main viewing targets were 4 places. Second, the total number of selection criteria of the derived landscape control point was 15, and these were re-categorized as prospect, accessibility and publicness according to the common property. The preliminary LCPs were selected by measuring the publicness and accessibility, and because of the said measurement, a total of 43 preliminary LCPs were selected. The final LCPs were selected by estimating the prospect of the selected preliminary LCPs, and as a result of estimation, a total of 29 final LCPs were selected. Finally, the total number of evaluation indicators derived from literature analysis was 26. Because of the valuation by the landscape control point, it was found that the 2 view areas were the I grade, 3 areas were II grade and 3 areas were the V grade, the lowest grade among 29 view areas. From the analysis on problems for the improvement methods, 4 improvement-indicators including the diversity of land mosaic were selected for the view area-1 without considering the development project drawing. In addition, for the view area-2 with considering the development project drawing, the landscape as the scenery forests was well formed, and the arrangement of architectures for the security of view corridor was right angle arrangement, and their floor number was 10.

A Study on Setting SPS for Generator Tripping Action considering Operating Conditions of Power Systems (전력계통 운영조건을 고려한 발전기차단용 SPS 동작설정에 관한 연구)

  • Gwon, Han Na;Son, Hyeok Jin;Kook, Kyung Soo;Yang, Sung-Chae
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.411-417
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    • 2014
  • Special Protection Scheme(SPS) for generator tripping action is an emergency control tool that secures the power system stability by instantly tripping the pre-determined number of generators to avoid the acceleration of the remaining generators in a large-scaled power plants when a fault occurs on the drawing transmission lines. However, since the existing operating conditions of SPS are set based on a peak demand, SPS could trip more generators than required if it is activated during the off-peak demand period. For this, this paper proposes the algorithm for setting the operating conditions of SPS through the online stability evaluation with the periodically updated operating conditions of power systems. The proposed algorithm adopts COA for the accuracy and speed of the stability evaluation, and can reduce the number of tripping generators by SPS during the off-peak demand period. This results in reducing the loss of profit caused by a fault on power systems.

Physical and mechanical properties of volcanic glass in the Samho area, South Korea (삼호지역에 분포하는 유리질화산암에 대한 물리적$\cdot$역학적 특성)

  • Kang Seong-Seung;Lee Heon-Jong;Kang Choo-Won;Kim Cheong-Bin
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.15 no.3 s.56
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    • pp.223-227
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    • 2005
  • The physical and mechanical properties of volcanic glass, which is distributed in the Samho area, South Korea were studied. Laboratory rock tests were carried out in order to obtain the various properties of rocks. Specific gravity, water content, absorption, porosity and wave velocity were measured for the physical properties. Uniaxial and triaxial compressive tests, Brazilian test and point load test were also performed for the mechanical properties. The tests of volcanic glass revealed that the apparent specific gravity, water content and absorption were 2.28, $1.67\%$ and $1.72\%$, respectively. Porosity $(3.87\%)$ was lower, whereas P-wave velocity (5330m/s) and S-wave velocity (2980 m/s) were relatively higher. Brazilian tensile strength ot 7.2MPa, and point load strength of 2.6MPa were among the mechanical properties of the rock. Uniaxial compressive strength (62.4MPa) estimated ken point load strength was very closed to the value (66.0MPa) from the uniaxial compressive test. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were E=43.2 GPa and v=0.28, respectively. Drawing the tangent line to Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion showed the cohesion of 20.1MPa and internal fraction angle of $28.6^{\circ}$.