• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.64-73
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate effects of physical characteristics of both watershed and reservoir on nutrient-chlorophyll relationship in Korean reservoirs. Simple linear models were developed with published data in Korea including 415 reservoirs and 11 multi-purpose dams, and physico-chemical parameters of reservoirs and characteristics relationship of models were analyzed. Theoretical residence time in Korean reservoirs was strongly correlated with the ratio of TA/ST (drainage area + surface area / storage volume) in the logarithmic function. As a result of monthly nutrients-chlorophyll-a regression analysis, significant Chl-a-TP relationship appeared during May～July. The high Chl-a yields per total phosphorus appeared during this time (R$\^$2/=0.51, p<0.001, N= 1088). Chlorophyll-a demonstrated much stronger relationship with TP. than TN. Seasonal algal-nutrient coupling were closely related with N:P ratio in the reservoir water, and it was, in turn, dependent on the monsoon climatic condition (precipitation). Based on the results of regression analysis and high N:P ratio, a major limiting factor of algal growth appeared to be phosphorus during this time. Unlikely TA/ST ratio, DA/SA ratio (drainage area f surface area) was likely to influence directly on the nutrient-Chl-a relationship, indicating that if storage volume and inflowing water volume were the same, algal biomass could be developed more in reservoirs with large surface area. Thus, DA/SA ratio seemed to be an important factor to affect the development of algal biomass in Korean reservoirs. With low determination coefficient of TP-Chl-a relationship, our findings indicated not only nutrient (phosphorus) but also other physical factors, such as DA/SA ratio, may affect algal biomass development in Korean reservoirs, where actual residence time appears to be more closely related to reservoir surface area rather than storage volume.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of chest physiotherapies on intensive care unit patients mechanical ventilated. Methods: Good lung down position, chest percussion, postural drainage was applied to patients who admitted to ICU. Each patients divided into four groups and each group received different treatments. Sputum amount, lung compliance, tidal volume and oxygen saturation were measured before treatment and immediately, and time flowing. Data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, ANOVA and paired t-test using via SPSSWIN 12.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in variables each characteristics of subjects. Chest percussion increased tidal volume, static lung compliance for the mean time. Desaturation related to suction. Conclusion: Chest percussion influences on lung compliance. Based on this study results and limitation, this study suggests repeated studies in various groups

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.9-12
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ponding depth treatment on evapotranspiration in paddy fields. Three poding depth treatments, very sallow, shallow, and deep were used. The experimental plots were three $80m{\times}8m$ rectangular plots. Daily values of rainfall amount, ponding depth, irrigation water, drainage water, evapotranspiration, and infiltration were measured in the field. The ponding depth was continuously observed by observed nstaff during the growing season. The ET was measured by 1m diameter PVC lysimeters. Irrigation water volume was measured by 75 mm pipe flow-meters and the drainage water volume by 75 mm pipe flow-meters and a recording parshall flume. The results showed that irrigation water depths were 688.9 mm, 513.6 mm, and 624.4 mm in 2001, and 356.9 mm, 428.6 mm, and 513.2 mm in 2002 in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively. The evapotranspiration were 465.0 mm, 484.1 mm, and 415.1 mm in 2001 and 461.3 mm, 476.3 mm, and 470.6 mm in 2002 in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.99-105
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of pending depth treatment on water balance in paddy fields. The pending depth treatments were very shallow, shallow and deep. The experimental plots were three $80m{\times}25m$ rectangular plots. Daily values of rainfall amount, pending depth, irrigation water, drainage water, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and piezometeric head were measured in the field. The pending depth was continuously observered by water level logger during the growing season. The ET was measured in 1m diameter PVC lysimeters. Irrigation water volume was measured by 75m pipe flow meter and the drainage water volume was measured by 25mm and 75mm pipe flow meters and a recording Parshall fulume. PVC pipe piezometers with 12mm diameter were used. The results of the water balance showed that irrigation water of 881.1mm, 735.4mm, and 532.6mm in very shallow, shallow, and deep pending, respectively. The effective rainfall was 182.6mm(44.6%), 254.7mm(62.2%), and 188.6mm(46.0%) in very shallow, shallow, and deep pending, respectively. The results show that the shallow pending depth looks the best of the three treatments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2012

Most of the roads are paved with impermeable materials such as asphalt concrete and cement concrete, and in the event of heavy rainfall, rainwater directly flows into river through a drainage hole on the pavement surface. This large quantity of rainwater directly spilled into the river frequently leads to the flooding of urban streams, damaging lowlands and the lower reaches of a river. In recent years there has been a great deal of ongoing research concerning water permeability and drainage in pavements. Accordingly, in this research, a porous polymer concrete was developed for permeable pavement by using unsaturated polyester resin as a binder, recycled aggregate as coarse aggregate, fly ash and blast furnace slag as filler, and its physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Also, 3 types of permeable polymer block by optimum mix design were developed and rainfall runoff reduction effects by permeability pavement using permeable polymer block were analyzed based on hydraulic experimental model. The infiltration volume, infiltration ratio, runoff initial time and runoff volume in permeability pavement with permeable polymer block of $300{\times}300{\times}80$ mm were evaluated for 50, 100 and 200mm/hr rainfall intensity.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ponding depth treatment on water balance in paddy fields. Three ponding depth treatments, very shallow, shallow, and deep were used. The experimental plots were three 80m $\times$ 8m rectangular plots. Daily values of rainfall amount, ponding depth, irrigation water, drainage water, evapotranspiration, and infiltration were measured in the field. The ponding depth was continuously observed by water level logger during the growing season. The ET was measured by 1-m diameter PVC lysimeters. Irrigation water volume was measured by 75 mm pipe flowmeters and the drainage water volume by 75 mm pipe flowmeters and a recording Parshall flume. The results showed that irrigation water depths were 688.9 mm, 513.6 mm, and 624.4 mm in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively. The effective rainfall amounts (effective ratio) were 243.7 mm(48.8%), 344.6 mm(68.9%), and 272.9 mm(54.6%) in very shallow, shallow, and deep ponding, respectively. The three treatments did not show any statistical difference in growth and yields. But the shallow depth treatment showed the largest yield.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.376-383
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• 2021

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of lymphopseudoaneurysm (LPA) glue (n-butyl cyanoacrylate [NBCA]) embolization in the management of chylous ascites after retroperitoneal surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis from January 2014 to October 2018 was performed in six patients (4 females and 2 males; mean age, 45.3 ± 14.2 years; range, 26-61 years) who underwent LPA embolization for chylous ascites developing after retroperitoneal surgery involving the perirenal space (four donor nephrectomies, one partial nephrectomy, and one retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy). After placing a percutaneous drainage catheter into the LPA or adjacent lymphocele, embolization was performed by filling the LPA itself with a mixture of glue and Lipiodol (Guerbet). Results: Daily drainage from percutaneously placed drains exceeded 300 mL/day despite medical and surgical treatment (volume: mean, 1173 ± 1098 mL; range, 305-2800 mL). Intranodal lymphangiography was performed in four of the six patients and revealed leakage in 2 patients. Percutaneous embolization of the LPA was successful in all patients using an NBCA and Lipiodol mixture in a ratio of 1:1-1:2 (volume: mean, 4.3 ± 1.1 mL; range, 3-6 mL). Chylous ascites was resolved and the drainage catheter was removed in all patients within 4 days after the procedure (mean, 2.0 ± 1.8 days; range, 0-4 days). No procedure-related complications or recurrence of chylous ascites occurred during a mean follow-up period of 37.3 months (range, 21.1-48.4 months). Conclusion: Glue embolization of LPA has the potential to be a feasible and effective treatment method for the management of chylous ascites after retroperitoneal surgery.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.375-385
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• 2008

Hydraulic analysis in a dam that has a single outlet of water can be made through a simple comparison between the total precipitation and the volume of discharged water. In case of tailing dams this estimation could yield an error because several drainage facilities are worked independently as well as simultaneously. In this research, a capability of the drainage system in the tailing dam of the old Sangdong Mine was analysed by the means of GIS technic. As a result of this study, it was expected that in the normal working condition of the whole drainage system, the flooding of water over the dam should not occur in spite of the consecutive precipitation during one hour with an intensity of 80.31 mm/hr, a probable precipitation within 100 years. It was, however, revealed that, if the drainage system did not work completely, the water could flood over the dam when the total precipitation reached 251.1 mm.

• KCID journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.4-17
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• 2011

The standard design methodology was suggested to construct wetland system for reducing non-point source pollution from Saemangeum reclaimed paddy land. To set for the design flow and concentrations, runoff and water quality survey were conducted during the irrigation period in 2008 at Gyehwa reclaimed paddy land located at near Saemangeum lake. It is rational that 1ha is the optimum constructed wetland size. To meet this size, the moderate drainage area of reclaimed paddy field was 50ha under the conditions that rainfall is 30mm, average runoff coefficient is 0.83, and runoff capture ratio is 0.6. At these condition, the runoff volume from 50ha was 10,520 $m^3/d$ including base flow during irrigation period. To select the optimum wetland system, several case studies were conducted by focusing on the tidal reclaimed land areas having wetland systems in Seokmun. Pond-Wetland system was selected as the standard model because of showing the highest reduction efficiency. Single variable regression equation were delivered to estimate effluent water concentrations from the designed wetland by using long-term monitoring data from the Seokmun experiment site. The effluent concentration from the designed wetland using these equation were showed moderately range.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.467-467
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• 2015

Sustainable water resource management requires the assessment of hydrological variability in response to climate fluctuations and anthropogenic activities. Determining quantitative estimates of water balance and total basin discharge are of utmost importance to understand the variations within a basin. Hard-to-reach areas with few infrastructures, coupled with lengthy administrative procedures makes in-situ data collection and water management processes very difficult and unreliable. In this study, the hydrological behavior of Lake Chad whose extent, extreme climatic and environmental conditions make it difficult to collect field observations was examined. During a 10 year period [January 2003 to December 2013], dataset from space-borne and global hydrological models observations were analyzed. Terrestial water storage (TWS) data retrieved from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), lake level variations from Satellite altimetry, water fluxes and soil moisture from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) were used for this study. Furthermore, we combined altimetry lake volume with TWS over the lake drainage basin to estimate groundwater and soil moisture variations. This will be validated with groundwater estimates from WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM) outputs. TWS showed similar variation patterns Lake water level as expected. The TWS in the basin area is governed by the lake's surface water. As expected, rainfall from GLDAS precedes GRACE TWS with a phase lag of about 1 month. Estimates of groundwater and soil moisture content volume changes derived by combining altimetric Lake Volume with TWS over the drainage basin are ongoing. Results obtained shall be compared with WaterGap Hydrology Model (WGHM) groundwater estimate outputs.