• 제목/요약/키워드: Drag coefficients

검색결과 313건 처리시간 0.026초

차량-보행자 충돌사고 재구성 해석: 차량 속도 계산과 불확실성 (Reconstruction Analysis of Vehicle-pedestrian Collision Accidents: Calculations and Uncertainties of Vehicle Speed)

  • 한인환
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.82-91
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, a planar model for mechanics of a vehicle/pedestrian collision incorporating road gradient is derived to evaluate the pre-collision speed of vehicle. It takes into account a few physical variables and parameters of popular wrap and forward projection collisions, which include horizontal distance traveled between primary and secondary impacts with the vehicle, launch angle, center-of-gravity height at launch, distance from launch to rest, pedestrian-ground drag factor, the pre-collision vehicle speed and road gradient. The model including road gradient is derived analytically for reconstruction of pedestrian collision accidents, and evaluates the vehicle speed from the pedestrian throw distance. The model coefficients have physical interpretations and are determined through direct calculation. This work shows that the road gradient has a significant effect on the evaluation of the vehicle speed and must be considered in accident cases with inclined road. In additions, foreign/domestic empirical cases and multibody dynamic simulation results are used to construct a least-squares fitted model that has the same structure of the analytical one that provides an estimate of the vehicle speed based on the pedestrian throw distance and the band within which the vehicle speed would be expected to be in 95% of cases.

원호형상의 멀티 블레이드를 가진 풍력터빈 설계 (Design for a circular arc shaped multi-blade windmill)

  • 추권철;김동건;윤순현
    • 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 유체기계공업학회 2004년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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    • pp.390-395
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    • 2004
  • The characteristics of the circular arc shaped multi-blade windmil are investigatedl. The prototypical windmill was tested in the laboratory at wind tunnel speeds of 5.5, 9.4m/s. and the model windmill was also tested in the laboratory, The power and torque coefficients were studied as functions of the blade section, the aspect ratio for blade diameter and windmill radius(M = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7), the number of blades and finally the tip-speed ratio. The analysis of the experimental results for the model windmill showed that there is the highest revolutions per minute(R.P.M) at the circular arc shaped multi-blade windmill having the blade number 10, aspect ratio(M = 0.7). and the results for the prototypical windmill showed that the power coefficient increased to a maximum value and then decreased again with an increase in the tip speed ratio, while the torque coefficient decreased directly with an increase in the tip speed ratio Finally, the experimental results were compared with the Savonius blade. the maximum power coefficient for the arc shaped blade was greater than for the Savonius blade and occured at a lower tip speed ratio.

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PWR Hot Leg Natural Circulation Modeling with MELCOR Code

  • Park, Jae-Hong;Lee, Jong-In;Randall. K. Cole;Randall. O. Gauntt
    • 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국원자력학회 1997년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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    • pp.772-777
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    • 1997
  • Previous MELCOR and SCDAP/RELAP5 nodalizations for simulating the counter-current, natural circulation behavior of vapor flow within the RCS hot legs and SG U-tubes when core damage progress can not be applied to the steady state and water-filled conditions during the initial period of accident progression because of the artificially high loss coefficients in the hot legs and SG U-tubes which were chosen from results of COMMIX calculation and the Westinghouse natural circulation experiments in a 1/7-scale facility for simulating steam natural circulation behavior in the vessel and in the hot leg and SG during the TMLB' scenrio. The objective of this study is to develop a natural circulation modeling which can be used both for the liquid flow condition at steady state and for the vapor flow condition at the later period of in-vessel core damage. For this, the drag forces resulting from the momentum exchange effects between the two vapor streams in the hot leg was modeled as a pressure drop by pump model. This hot leg natural circulation modeling of MELCOR was able to reproduce similar mass flow rates with those predicted by previous models.

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루우버휜형 열교환기의 열전달특성에 관한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Louvered-Fin Type Heat Exchanger)

  • 전창덕;홍주태;이진호
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.120-139
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    • 1996
  • Experiment was performed to study the heat transfer characteristics in 27 kinds of 15 : 1 scale models of multi-louverred fin heat exchangers with a wide range of variables(R $e_{Lp}$ =100~1, 800, $L_p$/F$p$=0.3~0.9, $\theta$=20$^{\circ}$~40$^{\circ}$). Thermofoil heaters were used to heat the louver fins and the local average Nusselt number for each louver in the louver array was obtained at constant wall temperature conditions. Correlations are developed to predict the heat transfer characteristics and drag coefficients. Generally, the heat transfer characteristics in the multi-louvered fins is shown to be similar to those of the laminar heat transfer on a flat plate. As the Reynolds number, the louver pitch to fin pitch ratio$L_p$/F$p$and the louver angle($\theta$) increase respectively, the average Nusselt number increases, but the variation of average Nusselt number as a function of the louver angle is smaller than that as a function of the louver pitch to fin pitch ratio. In case of$L_p$/F$p$ <0.5, the average Nusselt number of the 3rd louver is especially lower than the others, it is expected that it is due to the flow structure such as a recirculation flow and a flow separation.

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파형벽면에 근접하여 이동하는 원형실린더의 공력특성의 수치해석 (Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Characteristic of the Moving Circular Cylinder Near the Wavy Wall)

  • 김형민
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 2009
  • A Computational study was carried out in order to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of circular cylinder moving near the wavy wall at a low Reynolds number of 50. Lattice Boltzmann method was used to simulate the flow field and immersed boundary method was combined to represent the moving cylinder and wavy wall regardless of the constructed grid in the domain. The aerodynamics characteristics of the cylinder moving near the wavy wall were represented by the comparing the lifting coefficients with various altitudes (H/D) and wave length and amplitudes of wavy wall. It indicated that the twice of increasing-decreasing variations of lifting coefficient are obtained while the cylinder moves near the wavy wall. The first variation is obtained where the cylinder locates near the peak of the wavy wall. Another variation occurs when the distance to the wavy wall becomes longer after passing the peak. It was also classified that three different patterns of relation between the lifting and drag coefficient of the cylinder. However, the classification is limited to the case of the same order of altitude, amplitude and wave length of the wavy wall.

A Numerical and Experimental Study on Dynamics of A Towed Low-Tension Cable

  • 정동호;박한일
    • 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.191-196
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    • 2002
  • The paper presents a numerical and experimental investigation on dynamic behaviors of a towed low tension cable. In the numerical study, an implicit finite difference algorithm is employed for three-dimensional cable equations. Fluid and geometric non-linearity and bending stiffness are considered and solved by Newton-Raphson iteration. Block tri-diagonal matrix method is applied for the fast calculation of the huge size of matrices. In order to verify the numerical results and to see real physical phenomena, an experiment is carried out for a 6m cable in a deep and long towing tank. The cable is towed in two different ways; one is towed at a constant speed and the other is towed at a constant speed with top end horizontal oscillations. Cable tension and shear forces are measured at the top end. Numerical and experimental results are compared with good agreements in most cases but with some differences in a few cases. The differences are due to drag coefficients caused by vortex shedding. In the numerical modeling, non-uniform element length needs to be employed to cope with the sharp variation of tension and shear forces at near top end.

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난류모형을 적용한 엔진 연료실의 유동해석 (Flow Analysis in the Fuel Chamber of Engine by Applying Turbulent Models)

  • 곽승현
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.369-374
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    • 2006
  • 복잡한 연료실 내의 유동현상을 난류모형을 적용하여 해석하였다. 적용한 모형은 $k-\varepsilon,\;k-\omega$, spalart-allmaras, reynolds stress이고, 연로실내의 격자는 혼합격자(hybrid grid) 이다. 속도벡터, 압력분포, 반복계산(iteration)에 의한 잔류치(residual), 동력학적 양정(dynamic head) 등을 모사하였다. 4개의 난류모형을 연료실 유동에 적용하였다. 3차원 수치실험에 앞서, 수치검증을 위하여 2차원 물체 주위의 점성유동을 $k-\varepsilon$ 난류모형을 적용하여 모사하였고 항력계수를 비교하였다.

A Study on the Estimation of the Structural Stability of a Container Crane According to the Change of the Boom Shape using Wind Tunnel Test

  • Lee, Seong-Wook;Han, Dong-Seop;Han, Geun-Jo;Kim, Tae-Hyung
    • 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 Asia Navigation Conference
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2006
  • In this study we carried out to analyze the effect of wind load on the structural stability of a container crane according to the change of the boom shape using wind tunnel test and provided a container crane designer with data which can be used in a wind resistance design of a container crane assuming that a wind load at 75m/s wind velocity is applied on a container crane. Data acquisition conditions for this experiment were established in accordance with the similarity. The scale of a container crane dimension, wind velocity and time were chosen as 1/200, 1/13.3 and 1/15. And this experiment was implemented in an Eiffel type atmospheric boundary-layer wind tunnel with $11.52m^2$ cross-section area. Each directional drag and overturning moment coefficients were investigated and uplift forces at each supporting point due to the wind load were analyzed.

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전진익형 항공기 모델에 대한 KARI LSWT와 TsAGI T-102 풍동시험결과 비교 (Comparison of Wind Tunnel Test Results for Forward-Swept Wing Airplane at KARI LSWT and TsAGI T-102)

  • 조태환;정진덕;장병희;이장연
    • 한국항공우주학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 2004
  • 한 러 풍동시험 기술협력사업의 일환으로 러시아 TsAGI T-012 풍동에서 KARI가 보유하고 있는 전진익형 항공기 모델에 대한 풍동시험을 수행하였다. Wire-suspension 모델지지부를 사용하고 있는 T-102 시험결과와 KARI 3점지지부 및 2 점지지부 시험결과를 비교하였다. 항력의 경우 KARI 시험결과와 TsAGI T-102 시험결과는 매우 좋은 일치성을 보이고 있다. 조종면에 의한 영향을 비교한 결과 두 기관의 시험결과는 요잉모멘트와 롤링모멘트에서도 매우 좋은 일치성을 보이고있다.

풍동실험을 통한 능동위상배열레이더에서 다층레이돔에 작용하는 공기력과 풍압의 실험적 연구 (Wind Tunnel Test of Aerodynamic Forces and Wind Pressures Acting on Muilti-layer Radom in Active Phased Array Radar)

  • 임성환;강광희;최지호;이승호;권순덕
    • 한국군사과학기술학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.149-157
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we investigated the sensitivity of aerostatic force coefficients of multi-layer radom in the various wind speeds. The test was conducted in KOCED Wind Tunnel Center in Chonbuk National University, and wind speeds were in the range from 5 m/s to 26 m/s in order to determine the Reynolds number independence. The test results of present multi-layer radom were not affected by the Reynolds number, The maximum positive pressure coefficient was found to be 1.08 at the center of the front of the plane in angle of attack of 0 degree, the maximum negative pressure coefficient was -2.03 at the upper right corner in angle of attack of 120 degree, while maximum drag coefficient was 1.11 in angle of attack of 180 degree.