• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.96-102
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• 2008

For centuries now, wind tunnels have been a key element in scientific research in a number of fields. Experimenting with racecars, airplanes, weather patterns, birds, and various other areas has been made much easier because of its development. In the racing field, for example, the information gathered from this testing can mean the difference between winning and losing a race. Weather simulations can also provide valuable information regarding building stability and safety. This has become very important when designing buildings today. Valuable information concerning bird flight has also been collected based on wind tunnel testing. Wind tunnels have a variety of important uses in the world today. Wind tunnel that used here is an open loop low speed wind tunnel. The fundamental principles of this tunnel is moving the air using exhaust fan In the rear side, and placing the cube in the external balance system which used to measure the working force. This experiment is using 50mm cube of finished wood. From this experiment we can get Drag Force (FD), The Reynolds Number (Re) and The Coefficient of Brae (CD).

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

In speed skiing, aerodynamic forces play an important role in determining performance of the skier. To predict aerodynamic effects of the posture of the skier on alpine downhill skiing, we constructed equation of motion of the skier and performed the corresponding CFD simulations. Comparing drag and lift of three different skier postures, it has been shown that drag decreases significantly by tucking upper body to lower body and stretching arms forward. Also, aerodynamic lift which worked as downforce in standing posture worked upward in tuck posture, reducing friction force between snow and ski. This indicates that tuck posture have advantages over standing posture in dual mechanism, namely by reducing drag and also increasing lift. By this two-dimensional initial study we could reveal the general tendency of the aerodynamic force over the skier's body. This study not only provides a theoretical foundation for the athletes to understand the aerodynamic effects of skier postures but also shed a light on towards more accurate and rational three-dimensional CFD simulation of skiers in the near future study.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.376-383
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• 2017

This paper describes the gyroscopic stability and the drag characteristics of the smart munition with a course correction fuze(CCF). A ballistic analysis was conducted to figure out the effect of the canards on the gyroscopic stability of the projectile. The analysis used the commercial ammunition performance evaluation software: Projectile Design and Analysis System(PRODAS). In particular, we compared the PRODAS analysis results to real field test results to investigate the influence of the CCF mounted projectile. In addition, some ballistic simulations were carried out to provide the conditions suitable for wind tunnel tests. Experimental results show that the added drag force by the canards is almost uniform regardless of the Mach number when the projectile is at the normal position where the angle of rotation and the angle of attack are both 0 degrees. However, as the angle of attack of the projectile increases, the additional drag force depends on the deflection of the canards.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2419-2421
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• 2008

Some of the scallops like Amesium balloti have an excellent level-swimming ability, i.e. they can swim about 20m by single level swimming with a maximum swimming velocity of about 1.6m/s in the sea. On the other hand, some species like Patinopecten yessoensis have longitudinal grooves on the upper and lower surfaces and others do not. Therefore, in the present study, we measure the lift and drag forces on a real scallop model (Patinopecten yessoensis) in a wind tunnel. Experiments are performed at the Reynolds number of 75,000 based on the maximum chord length, which is within the swimming condition of real scallop (Re = $30,000{\sim}300,000$). To see the effect of longitudinal grooves, we measure the aerodynamic forces on a scallop model by removing the grooves. With the grooves, the lift force increases at low angles of attack (${\alpha}<10^{\circ}$). The drag force increases slightly at all the attack angles considered. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by about 10% at ${\alpha}<10^{\circ}$.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2023

This paper describes an experimental investigation of the effect of cooling flow rate on gas foil thrust bearing (GFTB) performance. In a newly developed GFTB test rig, a non-contact type pneumatic cylinder provides static loads to the test GFTB and a high-speed motor rotates a thrust runner up to the maximum speed of 80 krpm. Force sensor, torque arm connected to another force sensor, and thermocouples measures the applied static load, drag torque, and bearing temperature, respectively, for cooling flow rates of 0, 25, and 50 LPM at static loads of 50, 100, and 150 N. The test GFTB with the outer radius of 31.5 mm has six top foils supported on bump foil structures. During the series of tests, the transient responses of the bearing drag torque and bearing temperature are recorded until the bearing temperature converges with time for each cooling flow rate and static load. The test data show that the converged temperature decreases with increasing cooling flow rate and increases with increasing static load. The drag torque and friction coefficient decrease with increasing cooling flow rate, which may be attributed to the decrease in viscosity and lubricant (air) temperature. These test results suggest that an increase in cooling flow rate improves GFTB performance.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2016

This paper presents the fabrication and evaluation of the novel drag force type air flowmeter using MEMS technologies for the vehicle applications. To obtain the air drag force, the flowmeter utilized the curved beam structure, which was realized by the difference of residual stress between the silicon oxide layer and the silicon nitride layer. The paddle structure was applied for the maximum air drag force, and the dual-beam was adapted to prevent distortion. The basic experiments were performed in the wind tunnel, and the stable outputs were obtained. The device was applied to the internal combustion engine, and the results were compared with the HI-DS output where the convection thermal flowmeter was used as the reference sensor. The results indicated that the comparable resolutions and response times were obtained under the various engine speeds.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.293-309
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• 2018

The prediction of multimode flutter relies, to a larger extent than bimodal flutter, on accurate modeling of the self-excited forces since it is challenging to perform experimental validation by using aeroelastic tests for a multimode case. This paper sheds some light on the accuracy of predicted self-excited forces by comparing numerical predictions of self-excited forces with measured forces from wind tunnel tests considering the flutter vibration mode. The critical velocity and the corresponding flutter vibration mode of the Hardanger Bridge are first determined using the classical multimode approach. Then, a section model of the bridge is forced to undergo a motion corresponding to the flutter vibration mode at selected points along the bridge, during which the forces that act upon it are measured. The measured self-excited forces are compared with numerical predictions to assess the uncertainty involved in the modeling. The self-excited lift and pitching moment are captured in an excellent manner by the aerodynamic derivatives. The self-excited drag force is, on the other hand, not well represented since second-order effects dominate. However, the self-excited drag force is very small for the cross-section considered, making its influence on the critical velocity marginal. The self-excited drag force can, however, be of higher importance for other cross-sections.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.345-351
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• 2017

A wind tunnel test for the scaled parachute models was performed to verify aerodynamic characteristics for practical usage of Korean low cost low altitude aerial delivery system. The cruciform shaped cargo parachute models for heavy and light weight were ejected into wind tunnel test section; and the drag forces acting on the models in steady condition were measured in accordance with velocity. Also, the maximum opening forces during inflation were obtained and captured by a high speed camera to analyze the inflation characteristics and evaluate the design of the low cost aerial delivery system. The results showed a reliable stability and met the design requirement of delivery operation system for R.O.K Air Force.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.599-604
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• 2000

In order to study unsteady aerodynamic loads on high speed trains passing by each other at the speed of 350km/h, three-dimensional flow fields around trains during the crossing event are numerically simulated using the three-dimensional Euler equations. The Roe's FDS with MUSCL interpolation is employed to simulate wave phenomena properly. An efficient moving grid system based on domain decomposition techniques is developed to analyze the unsteady flow field induced by the restricted motion of a train on a rail. The numerical simulations of the trains passing by on the double-track are carried out to study the effect of the train nose-shape, the train length and the existence of tunnel when the crossing event occur. Unsteady aerodynamic loads side force and drag force-acting on the train during the crossing are numerically predicted and anlayzed. It is found that the strength of the side force mainly depends on the nose-shape, and that of drag force on tunnel existence. And it is observed that the push-pull like impulsive force successively acts on each car and acts in different directions between the neighborhood cars. The maximum change of the impulsive force reaches about 3 tons. These aerodynamic force data are absolutely necessary for the evaluation of the stability of the high speed multi-car train. The results also indicate the effectiveness of the present numerical method for the simulation of unsteady flow field induced by the bodies in the relative motion.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2011

As larger ships and floating offshore structures are, and rougher the marine environment becomes nowadays, a drag embedment type anchor of more stable performance and higher holding power is requested. This paper describes an experimental study of the drag embedding motion and the resultant holding force of three types of drag embedment type anchor model (HALL, AC-14, SEC POOL-N, scale 1/10).