• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.861-868
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• 2006

We present a Choquet-Deny-type theorem for downward filtering convex sets of continuous functions and show that the Identity Korovkin cone of a downward filtering convex cone S is exactly the uniform closure of S.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.183-196
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• 2018

Studies that approach from the point of view that human thoughts or minds are dominated by behavior as well as that human behavior is dominated by thoughts or minds, have begun to attract attention from the late 2000s. The physical experience is reminiscent of a metaphorically connected abstract concept, which ultimately affects the judgment or evaluation of a particular object. However, studies that have been carried out so far have been limited to studies on the difference in perception and judgment depending on the objects to be viewed, the objects to be touched, and the objects to which they are carried. In this study, we tried to find out that the physical movement of the body in the upward or downward direction affects the psychological judgment differently. In the first experiment, a pair of words that were considered to be connected metaphorically was tested. In the second experiment, the subjects tried to solve the complicated calculation problem in a short time, and then they watched the video related to the upward movement or downward movement, and then proceeded to measure the psychological judgment. As a result, it was found that 'downward movement' of the body has a metaphorical connection with 'closure', while 'upward movement' is related to 'progress'. In the case of downward-experienced group compared to upward-experienced group, the reverse intentions of their own decision were low, and the confidences in their own decision and the expectations for performance were high.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-397
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• 1985

Ebstein`s anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation and characterized by downward displacement of an abnormal tricuspid valve cusps. But until now, the ideal surgical correction is still controversial. We present a case of Ebstein`s anomaly experienced lately. The patient was 13 year old girl with the complaints of dyspnea on exertion, fatigability and cyanosis. Echocardiography revealed downward displacement of septal leaflet of tricuspid valve and atrialized right ventricle. Cardiac catheterization and cineangiography revealed ASD and large right atrium. During operation, the atrialized right ventricle was plicated and tricuspid annuloplasty was done. And the two secundum type ASD`s were closed by direct suture closure. The patient`s postoperative course was uneventful and discharged on the 24th postoperative days.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.274-278
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• 2005

Purpose : Prediction for soft tissue change after orthognathic surgery is very important for the final esthetics. In this study, we have tried to get the amount of upper lip movement relative to bony segment movement after anterior segmental osteotomy by cephalmetric analysis to predict final upper lip position after surgery. Material and Methods : 20 patients was studied on whom anterior segmental osteotmy as performed by Cupar method during the years 2002 to 2003. Cephalometric radiograph were taken at 1month before surgery and 6 month after surgery. Change of upper lip was measured on landmark Ls and Sto relative to hard tissue (landmark Ia) setback on these X-rays and analyzed. Results : 1. Upper lip setback movement. Setback of upper lip showed proportional relation to the hard tissue setback and the ratio was about 84%(p=0.001). 2. Upper lip downward movement. Downward movement of upper lip showed no proportional relation to hard tissue setback And the amount was mean 1.38 mm and SD 1.21mm (p=0.922). Conclusion : The posterior movement of upper lip is affected by hard tissue movement and shows good proportional change whereas downward movement is not so much influenced by hard tissue movement. And we think slight downward movement shown in this study could be explained by the V-Y closure performed during surgery.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.229-236
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• 2017

An efficient frequent pattern algorithm is essential for mining association rules as well as many other mining tasks for convergence with its application spread over a very broad spectrum. Models for mining pattern have been proposed using a FP-tree for storing compressed information about frequent patterns. In this paper, we propose a centroid frequent pattern growth algorithm which we called "CAWFP-Growth" that enhances he FP-Growth algorithm by making the center of weights and frequencies for the itemsets. Because the conventional constraint of maximum weighted support is not necessary to maintain the downward closure property, it is more likely to reduce the search time and the information loss of the frequent patterns. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than other algorithms without scarifying the accuracy and increasing the processing time via the centroid of the items. The MapReduce framework model is provided to handle large amounts of data via a pseudo-distributed computing environment. In addition, the modeling of the proposed algorithm is required in the fully distributed mode.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3606-3629
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• 2018

The discovered high potential utility itemsets (HPUIs) have significant influence on a variety of areas, such as retail marketing, web click analysis, and biological gene analysis. Thus, in this paper, we propose an algorithm called HPUIM-QGA (Mining high potential utility itemsets based on a quantum genetic algorithm) to mine HPUIs over uncertain datasets based on a quantum genetic algorithm (QGA). The proposed algorithm not only can handle the problem of the non-downward closure property by developing an upper bound of the potential utility (UBPU) (which prunes the unpromising itemsets in the early stage) but can also handle the problem of combinatorial explosion by introducing a QGA, which finds optimal solutions quickly and needs to set only very few parameters. Furthermore, a pruning strategy has been designed to avoid the meaningless and redundant itemsets that are generated in the evolution process of the QGA. As proof of the HPUIM-QGA, a substantial number of experiments are performed on the runtime, memory usage, analysis of the discovered itemsets and the convergence on real-life and synthetic datasets. The results show that our proposed algorithm is reasonable and acceptable for mining meaningful HPUIs from uncertain datasets.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 1981

This is one case report of surgically treated partial atrioventricular canal. The 22 year-old male patient had no definitive history of frequent respiratory infection and cyanosis in his early childhood. Since his age of 7 years, dyspnea was manifested on exertion. First appearance of congestive heart failure was at his age of 16 years old. The physical examination revealed that the neck veins were distended and heaving of precordium. A thrill was palpable on the left 3rd-4th intercostal space extending from the sternal border toward the apex and Grade IV/VI systolic ejection murmur was audible on it. Neither cyanosis nor clubbing was noted. Liver was palpable about 5 finger breadths. Chest X-ray revealed increased pulmonary vascularity and severe cardiomegaly (C-T ratio = 74%). EKG revealed LAD, clockwise rotation, LVH and trifascicular block. Echocardiogram showed paradoxical ventricular septal movement, narrowed left ventricular outflow tract and abnormal diastolic movement of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Right heart catheterization resulted in large left to right shunt (Qp : Qs = 5.7: 1), ASD and moderate pulfllonary hypertension. Finally, left ventriculogram revealed typical goose neck appearance of left ventrlcalar outflow tract. On Oct. 10, 1980, open heart surgery was performed. Operative findings were: 1. Large primum defect ($6{\times}5$ Cm in diameter) 2. Cleft on the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. 3. The upper portion of ventricular septum was descent but no interventricular communication. 4. Downward attachment of the atrioventricular valves on the ventricular muscular septum. 5. Medium sized secumdum defect ($2{\times}1$ Cm in diameter). The cleft was repaired with 4 interrupted sutures. The primum defect was closed with Teflon patch and the secundum defect was closed with direct suture closure. Postoperatively atrial flutter-fibrillation in EKG and Grade U/VI apical systolic murmur were found. The postoperative course was uneventful and discharged on 29th postoperative day in good general conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.96-104
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• 2020

The numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the thermal-fluid phenomena occurred inside the experimental apparatus during a PCCS, used to remove heat released in accidents from a containment of light water nuclear power plant, operation. Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer caused by wall condensation inside the containment simulation vessel (CSV), which equipped with 18 vertical heat exchanger tubes, were conducted using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. Shear stress transport (SST) and the wall condensation model were used for turbulence closure and wall condensation, respectively. The simulation using the actual size of the apparatus. However, rather than simulating the whole experimental apparatus in consideration of the experimental cases, calculation resources, and calculation time, the simulation model was prepared only in CSV. Selective simulation was conducted to verify the effects of non-condensable gas(NC gas) concentration, CSV internal pressure, and wall sub-cooling conditions. First, as a result of the internal flow of CSV, it was observed that downward flow due to condensation occurred surface of the vertical tube and upward flow occurred in the distant place. Natural convection occurred actively around the heat exchanger tube. Due to this rising and falling internal flow, natural circulation occurred actively around the heat exchanger tubes. Next, in order to check the performance of built-in condensation model using according to the non-condensable gas concentration, CSV internal flow and wall sub-cooling, the heat flux values were compared with the experimental results. On average, the results were underestimated with and error of about 25%. In addition, the influence of CSV internal pressure and wall sub-cooling was small, but when the condensate was highly generated due to the low non-condensable gas concentration, the error was large compared to the experimental values. This is considered to be due to the nature of the condensation model of the CFX code. However, in spite of the limitations of CFD, it is valid to use the built-in condensation model of CFD for PCCS performance prediction from a conservative perspective.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2020

In frequent pattern mining, the uncertainty of each item is accompanied by a loss of information. AAlso, in real environment, the importance of patterns changes with time, so fuzzy logic must be applied to meet these requirements and the dynamic characteristics of the importance of patterns should be considered. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy utility mining technique for extracting frequent web page sets from web log databases through fuzzy utility-based web page set mining. Here, the downward closure characteristic of the fuzzy set is applied to remove a large space by the minimum fuzzy utility threshold (MFUT)and the user-defined percentile(UDP). Extensive performance analyses show that our algorithm is very efficient and scalable for Fuzzy Utility Mining using dynamic weights.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.890-893
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• 2002

Ebsteins anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac malformation that is the downward displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve into the ventricular apex, aresulting in the formation of an atrialized portion of the right ventricle. In most patients, symptoms such as cyanosis and progressive heart failure occur during the adolescence or young adulthood. The associated anomalies include ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, and malformation of the mitral valve. An 8-months-old male with Ebsteins anomaly, ventricular septal defect, and duplication of the mitral valve orifice successfully underwent operation with VSD patch closure. Postoperatively, cardiac size was significantly reduced and tricuspid regurgitation was trivial in echocardiography He has been doing well without any cardiac medication during the 18 months follow up after operation.