• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2004

Objectives : We intended to evaluate the double standard status and to identify factors of determining double standard criteria in multinational corporations of Korea, and specifically those in the occupational health and safety area. Methods : A postal questionnaire had been sent, between August 2002 and September 2002, to multinational corporations in Korea. A double standard company was defined as those who answered in more than one item as adopting a different standard among the five items regarding double standard identification. By comparing double standard companies with equivalent standard companies, determinants for double standards were then identified using logistic regression analysis. Results : Of multinational corporations, 45.1% had adopted a double standard. Based on the question naire's scale level, the factor of 'characteristic and size of multinational corporation' was found to have the most potent impact on increasing double standard risk. On the variable level, factors of 'number of affiliated companies' and 'existence of an auditing system with the parent company' showed a strong negative impact on double standard risk. Conclusion : Our study suggests that a distinctive approach is needed to manage the occupational safety and health for multinational corporations. This approach should be focused on the specific level of a corporation, not on a country level.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine the effect of sex communication with friends and sexual double standard on contraceptive self-efficacy among university students. Methods: With a survey design, data were collected from 251 university students from three universities in G city from September 2016 to October 2016. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Sex communication with friends, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were $58.82{\pm}8.78$, $21.73{\pm}6.00$, and $44.20{\pm}5.91$, respectively. Sex communication with friends and sexual double standard were related to contraceptive self-efficacy. Sexual double standard, sex communication with friends, female, contraceptive education, and contraceptive experience explained 33% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants. Conclusion: Sexual double standard and sex communication with friends were influencing factors of contraceptive self-efficacy. To improve contraceptive self-efficacy of university students, a program is needed to eliminate sexual double standard and improve sex communication with friends among university students in Korea.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to suggest a practical way to measure and report corporate social performance as public interest in corporate social value pursuits increases. In particular, we will look for ways to measure and report on the financial and social performance of a company based on the concept of the Double Bottom Line (DBL), which has recently spread to big companies. For this purpose, this study analyzed the theoretical background and practical techniques related to measuring and reporting corporate social performance, and examined methods for measuring and reporting social performance in the existing financial performance measurement system. As a result, SROI was the most suitable method for measuring social performance of a company. It is recommended that social performance reporting follows the disclosure method of the accounting system, and the details of reporting suggest that using the standard of GRI Standard, an international standard related to sustainability reporting, is the most reasonable alternative to 'Double Bottom Line' performance reporting.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine association of contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy among unmarried women in their 30s and 40s. Methods: With a survey design, data were collected from 119 unmarried women in their 30s and 40s in G city of Korea from September 2017 to March 2018. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Contraceptive knowledge, sexual double standard, and contraceptive self-efficacy scores of participants were $8.97{\pm}2.22$, $18.54{\pm}5.57$, and $45.84{\pm}6.90$, respectively. Contraceptive self-efficacy was negatively correlated with sexual double standard. Factors influencing contraceptive self-efficacy were sexual double standard (${\beta}=-.26$, p=.003), existence of boyfriend (${\beta}=.25$, p=.004), and contraceptive education need for adults (${\beta}=.17$, p=.044). They explained 19% of contraceptive self-efficacy of participants. Conclusion: To increase contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s, lowering sexual double standard and developing customized contraceptive education according to age and knowledge level are needed. Research on factors related to contraceptive self-efficacy of unmarried women in their 30s and 40s from various regions are also needed in the future.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.31-62
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• 2017

This study intends to identify the difference of socio-economic characters and housing welfare needs between housing poverty types and to know the independent effects of variables on the housing poverty types. It was revealed that the double housing poverty household, housing below facility standard, unaffordable housing with low income, housing below structure performance environment standard, housing below area standard and housing below room standard should be supported one by one. And the variables related with the housing poverty types are different Suggestions were made for housing welfare policy for the double housing poverty, the control for rental housing market, the policy considering income level for unaffordable housing, the housing policy for the disable household.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2012

Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) are one of the most competitive low temperature detector (LTD) readout sensors. They have the advantages of high time resolution, no heat dissipation, and a wide range of operating temperature. We apply MMCs to our neutrinoless double beta decay ($0v{\beta}{\beta}$) search experiment. A $CaMoO_4$ crystal was employed as both a source of $0v{\beta}{\beta}$ and an energy absorber. The crystal was thermally connected to a MMC sensor. We set a simple thermal model for this detector and measured pulse shapes are compared with a numerical solution of the thermal model.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.915-920
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• 2004

We have studied the technologies for a double-deck train. But, there are no standards and test methods for a double-deck train. Therefore, we apply the standard and test method of the general train to transform the structural analysis of a double-deck train. This study is the result of a structural analysis by the finite element method for double-deck train carbodies. The results of the study can be used as basic guidelines in designing double-deck trains in the future.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the cutting mechanism of reciprocating knife of combine harvester. The cutting operation of reciprocating knife with the arrangement of the low-cutting and the double-cutting was demonstrated through cutting pattern diagram which was drawn by computer graphics. Various kinds and dimensions of reciprocating knives were analyzed using the developed program. The results are summarized as follows (1) The low-cutting type reciprocating knife was represented similar cutting characteristics to the standard type, but the maximum stalk-deflection was decreased as 1/2 level of the standard type. And the first ledger plate should be designed shorter than the second ledger plate. (2) The bunching area and the maximum stalk-deflection for the double cutting knife almost were not changed since cutting velocity ratio of 0.6, but the secondary cut were occurred at ratio of 0.8 and increased rapidly over these ratio. (3) The double cutting knife was recommended for the high speed combine, because its bunching area and the maximum stalk-deflection were decreased as 1/2 level of the standard type. (4) In order to maintain the proper cutting mechanism characterized by the bunching area, the maximum stalk-deflection and the secondary cutting length etc., the adequate cutting velocity at forward speed of 0.5㎧ to 1.2㎧ was from 0.3㎧ to 0.96㎧ for the double cutting knives.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) binary image sensor with a gate/body-tied (GBT) p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOSFET)-type photodetector using a double-tail comparator for high-speed and low-power operations. The GBT photodetector is based on a PMOSFET tied with a floating gate (n+ polysilicon) and a body that amplifies the photocurrent generated by incident light. A double-tail comparator compares an input signal with a reference voltage and returns the output signal as either 0 or 1. The signal processing speed and power consumption of a double-tail comparator are superior over those of conventional comparator. Further, the use of a double-sampling circuit reduces the standard deviation of the output voltages. Therefore, the proposed CMOS binary image sensor using a double-tail comparator might have advantages, such as low power consumption and high signal processing speed. The proposed CMOS binary image sensor is designed and simulated using the standard 0.18 ㎛ CMOS process.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.200-204
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• 2012

This study has presented the analysis of breakdown voltage for a double-gate metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) based on the doping distribution of the Gaussian function. The double-gate MOSFET is a next generation transistor that shrinks the short channel effects of the nano-scaled CMOSFET. The degradation of breakdown voltage is a highly important short channel effect with threshold voltage roll-off and an increase in subthreshold swings. The analytical potential distribution derived from Poisson's equation and the Fulop's avalanche breakdown condition have been used to calculate the breakdown voltage of a double-gate MOSFET for the shape of the Gaussian doping distribution. This analytical potential model is in good agreement with the numerical model. Using this model, the breakdown voltage has been analyzed for channel length and doping concentration with parameters such as projected range and standard projected deviation of Gaussian function. As a result, since the breakdown voltage is greatly changed for the shape of the Gaussian function, the channel doping distribution of a double-gate MOSFET has to be carefully designed.