• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2019

Objectives : The liver is rich in mitochondria and it plays a key role in whole-body energy homeostasis. Mitochondria is double membrane-bound organelle that supplies energy for intracellular metabolism including Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation. Acupuncture is known to stimulate and regulate the flow of energy. To explore the effect of acupuncture on the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in the rats' livers, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV was observed. Methods : The rats were divided into 4 groups; Normal 1 (no acupuncture treatment and anesthesia for 5 min), Normal 2 (no acupuncture treatment and anesthesia for 10 min), MA1 (acupuncture treatment at bilateral LR3 under anesthesia for 5 min), and MA2 (acupuncture treatment at bilateral LR3 under anesthesia for 10 min). All rats were sacrificed and the livers were examined for respiratory chain change. Results : There was no difference in ubiquinon oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and ubiquinol cytochrome C oxidoreductase after acupuncture at LR3. Acupuncture at LR3 for 10 min increased the activity of cytochrome C oxidase compared with no acupuncture groups. Conclusions : Acupuncture at LR3 mediated mitochondrial respiratory chain activity via the cytochrome C oxidase signaling pathway in the livers of rats.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

Metal-metal oxide (M-M oxide) cermet solar selective coatings with a double cermet layer film structure were deposited on the Al-deposited glass substrate by using a directed current (DC) magnetron sputtering technology. M oxide (CrO and ZrO) was used as the ceramic component in the cermets, and Cr and Zr used as the metallic components. In addition, black Cr (Cr-$Cr_2O_3$ cermet) solar selective coatings were deposited on the Ni-plated Cu substrate by using a electroplating method for comparison. The thermal stability tests were carried out for performance evaluation of solar coatings. Reflectance measurements were used to evaluate both solar absorptance(${\alpha}$) and thermal emittance (${\epsilon}$) of the solar coatings before and after thermal testing by using a spectrometer. Optical properties of optimized cermet solar coatings were ${\alpha}{\simeq}0.94-0.96$ and ${\epsilon}{\simeq}0.1$ ($100^{\circ}C$). The results of thermal stability test of M-M oxide solar coatings showed that the Cr-CrO cermet solar selective coatings were more stable than the Zr-ZrO cermet selective coatings at temperature of both $400^{\circ}C$ in air and $450^{\circ}C$ in vacuum. The black Cr solar selective coatings were degraded in air at temperature of $400^{\circ}C$. The main optical degradation modes of these coatings were diffusion of metal atoms, and oxidation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.518-528
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• 2005

In the present study, the antioxidative and inhibitory activity of Zingiber officinale Rosc. Rhizomes-derived materials (on mushroom tyrosinase) were evaluated. The bioactive co mponents of Z. officinale rhizomes were characterized by spectroscopic analysis as zingerone and dehydrozingerone, which exhibited potent antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibition activities. A series of substituted dehydrozingerones [(E)-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-ones] were prepared in admirable yields by the reaction of appropriate benzaldehydes with acetone and the products were evaluated in terms of variation in the dehydrozingerone structure. The synthetic analogues were examined for their antioxidant and antityrosinase activities to probe the most potent analogue. Compound 26 inhibited Fe$^{2+}$-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate with an IC$_{50}$ = 6.3${\pm}$0.4 ${\mu}$M. In the 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical quencher assay, compounds 2, 7, 17, 26, 28, and 29 showed radical scavenging activity equal to or higher than those of the standard antioxidants, like ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. Compound 27 displayed superior inhibition of tyrosinase activity relative to other examined analogues. Compounds 2, 17, and 26 exhibited non-competitive inhibition against oxidation of 3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). From the present study, it was observed that both number and position of hydroxyl groups on aromatic ring and a double bond between C-3 and C-4 played a critical role in exerting the antioxidant and antityrosinase activity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.3052-3058
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• 2014

In this article, we have designed and synthesized a novel donor-${\pi}$-acceptor (D-${\pi}$-A) type porphyrin-based sensitizer (denoted UI-5), in which a carboxyl anchoring group and a 9,9-dimethyl fluorene were introduced at the meso-positions of porphyrin ring via phenylethynyl and ethynyl bridging units, respectively. Long alkoxy chains in ortho-positions of the phenyls were supposed to reduce the degree of dye aggregation, which tends to affect electron injection yield in a photovoltaic cell. The cyclic voltammetry was employed to determine the band gap of UI-5 to be 1.41 eV based on the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, which were estimated by the onset oxidation and reduction potentials. The incident monochromatic photon-to-current conversion efficiency of the UI-5 DSSC assembled with double-layer (20 nm-sized $TiO_2$/400 nm-sized $TiO_2$) film electrodes appeared lower upon overall ranges of the excitation wavelengths, but exhibited a higher value over the NIR ranges (${\lambda}$ = 650-700 nm) compared to the common reference sensitizer N719. The UI-5-sensitized cell yielded a relatively poor device performance with an overall conversion efficiency of 0.74% with a short circuit photocurrent density of $3.05mA/cm^2$, an open circuit voltage of 0.54 mV and a fill factor of 0.44 under the standard global air mass (AM 1.5) solar conditions. However, our report about the synthesis and the photovoltaic characteristics of a porphyrin-based sensitizer in a D-${\pi}$-A structure demonstrated a significant complex relationship between the sensitizer structure and the cell performance.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.481-481
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• 2007

This work describes the effect of the number of roll pressing and the composition of carbon black on the electric and mechanical properties of carbon-PTFE electrode, in which composition is MSP 20 : carbon black: PTFE = 95-x : x : 5 wt.%. It was found that the best electric and mechanical properties were obtained in sheet electrode roll-pressed for about 15 times and in sheet electrode, in which composition is MSP 20 : carbon black: PTFE = 80 : 15 : 5 wt.%. These behaviors could be explained by the network structure of PTFE fibrils and conducting paths linked with carbon blacks, respectively. On the other hand, cell capacitor using the sheet electrode with 15 wt.% of carbon black attached on aluminum current collector with the electric conductive adhesive, in composition is carbon black : CMC = 70 : 30 wt.%, has exhibited the best rate capability in the current range of $0.5mA/cm^2$ $100mA/cm^2$ and the lowest equivalent series resistance.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2020

Objectives : Mitochondria are typically known as intracellular double membrane-bound structures that supply energy for intracellular metabolism including Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation. Also, acupuncture has been known to stimulate the flow of energy. To explore the effect of acupuncture on the mitochondrial respiratory chain activities in rat's heart and kidneys, the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV were observed. Methods : The rats were divided into 11 groups; Normal (no acupuncture treatment and under anesthesia for 10 min), heart meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at HT9, HT8, HT7, HT4 and HT3 under anesthesia for 10 min), and kidney meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at KI1, KI2, KI3, KI7 and KI10 under anesthesia for 10 min). All rats were sacrificed and the heart and kidneys were examined for the changes of respiratory chain activities. Results : Acupuncture at HT7 increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase; acupuncture at KI2 increased the activity of ubiquinol cytochrome C oxidoreductase; and acupuncture at HT9, HT8, HT3 and KI1 increased activities of cytochrome C oxidase. Conclusions : Acupuncture assists mitochondrial repiratory chain activity via the Cytochrome C oxidase signaling pathway in heart and kidney of rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1561-1572
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• 2022

Plastic pollution has been recognized as a serious environmental problem, and microbial degradation of plastics is a potential, environmentally friendly solution to this. Here, we analyzed and compared microbial communities on waste plastic films (WPFs) buried for long periods at four landfill sites with those in nearby soils to identify microbes with the potential to degrade plastics. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of these WPFs showed that most were polyethylene and had signs of oxidation, such as carbon-carbon double bonds, carbon-oxygen single bonds, or hydrogen-oxygen single bonds, but the presence of carbonyl groups was rare. The species richness and diversity of the bacterial and fungal communities on the films were generally lower than those in nearby soils. Principal coordinate analysis of the bacterial and fungal communities showed that their overall structures were determined by their geographical locations; however, the microbial communities on the films were generally different from those in the soils. For the pulled data from the four landfill sites, the relative abundances of Bradyrhizobiaceae, Pseudarthrobacter, Myxococcales, Sphingomonas, and Spartobacteria were higher on films than in soils at the bacterial genus level. At the species level, operational taxonomic units classified as Bradyrhizobiaceae and Pseudarthrobacter in bacteria and Mortierella in fungi were enriched on the films. PICRUSt analysis showed that the predicted functions related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism and xenobiotic degradation were more abundant on films than in soils. These results suggest that specific microbial groups were enriched on the WPFs and may be involved in plastic degradation.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회
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• pp.57-58
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• 2007

Purpose: Ginseng is a well-known medical plant used in traditional Oriental medicine. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been known to have potent biological activities such as radical scavenging, vasodilating, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activities. However, the mechanism of the beneficial effects of KRG on diabetes is yet to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of KRG extract in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. Methods: The db/db mice were randomly divided into six groups: diabetic control group (DC), red ginseng extract low dose group (RGL, 100 mg/kg), red ginseng extract high dose group (RGH, 200 mg/kg), metformin group (MET, 300 mg/kg), glipizide group (GPZ, 15 mg/kg) and pioglitazone group (PIO, 30 mg/kg), and treated with drugs once per day for 10 weeks. During the experiment, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured once every week. At the end of treatment, we measured Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), adiponectin, leptin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). Morphological analyses of liver, pancreas and white adipose tissue were done by histological observation through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Pancreatic islet insulin and glucagon levels were detected by double-immunofluorescence staining. To elucidate an action of mechanism of KRG, DNA microarray analyses were performed, and western blot and RT-PCR were conducted for validation. Results: Compared to the DC group mice, body weight gain of PIO treated group mice showed 15.2% increase, but the other group mice did not showed significant differences. Compared to the DC group, fasting blood glucose levels were decreased by 19.8% in RGL, 18.3% in RGH, 67.7% in MET, 52.3% in GPZ, 56.9% in PIO-treated group. With decreased plasma glucose levels, the insulin resistance index of the RGL-treated group was reduced by 27.7% compared to the DC group. Insulin resistance values for positive drugs were all markedly decreased by 80.8%, 41.1% and 68.9%, compared to that of DC group. HbA1c levels in RGL, RGH, MET, GPZ and PIO-treated groups were also decreased by 11.0%, 6.4%, 18.9%, 16.1% and 27.9% compared to that of DC group, and these figure revealed a similar trend shown in plasma glucose levels. Plasma TG and NEFA levels were decreased by 18.8% and 16.8%, respectively, and plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were increased by 20.6% and 12.1%, respectively, in the RGL-treated group compared to those in DC group. Histological analysis of the liver of mice treated with KRG revealed a significantly decreased number of lipid droplets compared to the DC group. The control mice exhibited definitive loss and degeneration of islet, whereas mice treated with KRG preserved islet architecture. Compared to the DC group mice, KRG resulted in significant reduction of adipocytes. From the pancreatic islet double-immunofluorescence staining, we observed KRG has increased insulin production, but decreased glucagon production. KRG treatment resulted in stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the db/db mice liver. To elucidate mechanism of action of KRG extract, microarray analysis was conducted in the liver tissue of mice treated with KRG extract, and results suggest that red ginseng affects on hepatic expression of genes responsible for glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. In summary, multiple administration of KRG showed the hypoglycemic activity and improved glucose tolerance. In addition, KRG increased glucose utilization and improved insulin sensitivity through inhibition of lipogenesis and activation of fatty acid $\beta$-oxidation in the liver tissue. In view of our present data, we may suggest that KRG could provide a solid basis for the development of new anti-diabetic drug.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.632-637
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• 1993

3000$\AA$~6000$\AA$의 두께로 진공 증착한 $WO_3$ 박막의 광특성 및 일렉트로크로미즘에 대하여 연구하였다. 증착된 $WO_3$ 박막은 모두 무색 투명 하였으며 X-선회절 분석결과 비정질 상태로 밝혀졌으며, 비정질 $WO_3$ 박막의 굴절율은 가시광선 영격에서 1.9-2.1로, 광에너지 gap은 3.25eV로 나타났다. ITO투명전극/$WO_3$박막/$LiCIO_4$ ~propylene carbonate/백금 대향전극 구조를 갖는 일렉트로크로믹소자를 구성하여 일렉트로크로믹 특성을 조사하였다. $WO_3$ 박막의 coloration/과 bleaching현상은 $LiCIO_{4}$~propylene carbonate유기전해질과 ITO투명전극으로 부터 $Li^{+}$이온과 전자의 이중주입에 의하여 청색으로 나타났으며, 가역적으로 전기 화학적인 산화반응에 의하여 bleaching현상이 일어났다. Coloration과 bleaching현상, 광학밀도, 구동전압 및 응답속도 등의 일렉트로크로믹 특성은 $WO_3$ 박막의 증착조건, 전해액 농도, 투명전극의 sheet resistance 인가전압에 크게 의존하는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2018

지정(특수)폐기물로 처리되어야 할 폭발성 폐기물이 일반폐기물 처리장에 잘못 반입되어 폐기물 처리과정에서 폭발사고로 이어졌을 때 많은 인명과 재산피해가 수반되므로 향후 폐기물 배출업체는 처리에 적합 가능한 처리시설로 폐기물을 처리하여야 한다. 본론에서 언급한 바와 같이 화약류 포장재 폐기물(고체부타디엔)의 착화재연실험에서 모두 발화위험성이 확인되었고, 작은 점화원에도 쉽게 착화되어 급속하고 폭발적으로 연소되는 형태를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 특히 폐기물처리장에서의 화약류 포장재에 의한 화재 폭발사고 사례와 같이 화약류 포장재 폐기물이 소각폐기물처리장에 대량으로 반입되어 유기화합물 폐기물과 혼재되어 있을 때는 상호 산화반응과 열분해 등으로 가연성, 산화성 가스가 발생되어 스파크 등 점화원에 의해 착화되며 순간적으로 폭발로 이어지는 개연성이 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 본연구가 화재현장에서의 현장 감식에 있어서 작은 참고자료가 되었으면 하는 바람과 과학적인 발화원인 판정으로 소방기관이 화재조사 전문기관으로서 대외적인 공신력을 인정받고 신뢰성 향상에 기여하는 계기가 되기를 기대한다.