• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 1997

The ion sources for induction linac driven heavy ion fusion were fabricated and their omittance characteristics were investigated. For to kinds of ion sources, i. e. a carbon vacuum arc ion source and a cusp field rf ion source, the emittance was measured with a double slit beam scanner. The required normalized omittance of an ion source for heavy ion fusion is 10$^{-7}$ - 5$\times$10$^{-7}$ $\pi$ m-rod, and the measured emittances of the ion beams from carbon vacuum arc ion source and cusp field rf ion source (Ne$^{+}$) were 2$\times$10$^{-6}$ $\pi$ m-rad and 4$\times$10$^{-7}$ $\pi$ m-rad, respectively.y.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.438-442
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• 1996

The design of the vacuum vessel of KT-2(a large-aspect-ratio, mid-size tokamak) is presented. The KT-2 vacuum vessel provides necessary environments to contain a plasma of double-null configuration with elongation of up to 1.8. The vacuum vessel is designed as an all-metal welded structure. Eddy currents are induced on the vessel during all stages of the plasma operation. Influences of the continuous vessel on the plasma were investigated. No significant effect of the vessel on the plasma in every aspect of null formation, plasma initiation, plasma control was found. Stresses and deformations in the vessel by atmospheric pressure and electromagnetic forces due to the eddy currents were calculated using 3D FEM code.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.431-445
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• 2022

A double-skinned composite tubular (DSCT) column, which is an internally confined concrete-filled tubular column with a hollow section, has been developed for efficient use of materials that reduce self-weight and enhance seismic performance. It exhibits excellent material behavior with ductility owing to the confinement induced by outer and inner steel tubes. This study conducted axial compression tests considering the effects of steel tube thickness and hollow diameter ratios of DSCT columns on the material behavior of confined concrete under pure axial compression on concrete cores. From the axial compression tests, various combinations of outer and inner tube thicknesses and two different hollow section ratios were considered. Additionally, confined concrete material behavior, axial strength, failure modes, and ductility of DSCT columns were evaluated. Based on this study, it was concluded that the tests show a good correlation with peak strength and shapes of nonlinear stress-strain curves presented in literature; however, the thinner outer and inner steel tubes may reduce the ductility of DSCT columns when using thinner outer and inner tubes and higher confined stress levels. Finally, the minimum thickness requirements of the steel tubes for DSCT columns were discussed in terms of strength and ductility of test specimens.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2007

The Hantaan virus (HTNV) is an enveloped virus that is capable of inducing low pH-dependent cell fusion. We molecularly cloned the viral glycoprotein (GP) and nucleocapsid (NP) cDNA of HTNV and expressed them in Vero E6 cells under the control of a CMV promoter. The viral gene expression was assessed using an indirect immunofluorescence assay and immunoprecipitation. The transfected Vero E6 cells expressing GPs, but not those expressing NP, fused and formed a syncytium following exposure to a low pH. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against envelope GPs inhibited cell fusion, whereas MAbs against NP did not. We also investigated the N-linked glycosylation of HTNV GPs and its role in cell fusion. The envelope GPs of HTNV are modified by N-linked glycosylation at five sites: four sites on G1 (N134, N235, N347, and N399) and one site on G2 (N928). Site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct eight GP gene mutants, including five single N-glycosylation site mutants and three double-site mutants, which were then expressed in Vero E6 cells. The oligosaccharide chain on residue N928 of G2 was found to be crucial for cell fusion after exposure to a low pH. These results suggest that G2 is likely to be the fusion protein of HTNV.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2012

A layered planer SOFC module was designed from planar-type SOFC. It was prepared by multi-layered ceramic technology. To form the cathode and the anode in the layered structure, reliable channels should be made on the both side of electrolyte perpendicularly. However, monolithic SOFC using multi-layered ceramic technology hasn't been studied another group, and the warpage of electrolyte in the channel, also, hasn't been studied, when electrode is printed on the electrolyte. In this study, the channels are prepared with electrode printing, and their warpage are evaluated. In the case of YSZ without electrode, the warpages are nothing in the limit of measurement using optical microscope. The warpage of 'YSZ-NiO printed' increases than that of 'NiO printed', and also, the case of 'double electrode printed' is similar to 'YSZ-NiO printed'. It is thought that, in the printed electrolyte, the warpage is related to the difference of the sintering behavior of each material.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.58-73
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• 2014

As is well known, cooperative sensing can significantly improve the sensing accuracy as compared to local sensing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). However, a large number of cooperative secondary users (SUs) reporting their local detection results to the fusion center (FC) would cause much overhead, such as sensing delay and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a fast cooperative sensing scheme, called double threshold fusion (DTF), to reduce the sensing overhead while satisfying a given sensing accuracy requirement. In DTF, FC respectively compares the number of successfully received local decisions and that of failed receptions with two different thresholds to make a final decision in each reporting sub-slot during a sensing process, where cooperative SUs sequentially report their local decisions in a selective fashion to reduce the reporting overhead. By jointly considering sequential detection and selective reporting techniques in DTF, the overhead of cooperative sensing can be significantly reduced. Besides, we study the performance optimization problems with different objectives for DTF and develop three optimum fusion rules accordingly. Simulation results reveal that DTF shows evident performance gains over an existing scheme.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

Double tooth is a dental anomaly consequent to fusion of two or more teeth or gemination of a single tooth. This report describes a unique case of double tooth in relation to a mandibular lateral incisor exhibiting the presence of four root canals. The role of conventional radiography and advanced three-dimensional imaging techniques in the better assessment of complex root canal systems and their aid in endodontic management has also been highlighted.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2013

In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrogen desorption model is applied to a thin double-layered annulus ZrCo hydride bed and validated against the temperature evolution data measured by Kang et al. The present model reasonably captures the bed temperature evolution behavior and the 90% hydrogen discharging time. In addition, the performance of thin double-layered annulus bed is evaluated by comparing with a simple cylindrical bed using hydrogen desorption model. This study provides multi-dimensional contours such as temperature and H/M atomic ratio in the metal hydride region. This numerical study provides fundamental understanding during hydrogen desorption process and indicates that efficient design of the metal hydride bed is critical to achieve rapid hydrogen discharging performance. The present three-dimensional hydrogen desorption model is a useful tool for the optimization of bed design and operating conditions.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2009

Fusion and gemination are irregularities in tooth development. It is often difficult to differentiate between gemination and fusion and it is common to refer to these anomalies as 'double teeth'. The deciduous teeth are most commonly involved, but in 0.1% of cases permanent teeth are affected, in which case aesthetic, funtional and periodontal problems can result. Double teeth present great difficulties in management and required a multidisciplinary approach. The central groove on the labial and palatal surfaces of a double tooth is extremely prone to caries, therefore early 'fissure sealing' is essential. In permanent dentition, surgical separation of fused teeth may be possible with subsequent orthodontic alignment and restorative treatment as needed to reshape the crown. Reshaping or reduction of a double tooth with a single canal may be attempted by modifying the appearance of the labial groove and the use of composite tints but is often impossible and extraction may be the only alternative. Orthodontic treatment and prosthetic replacement is then required. Implants may be an option for adolescents. The present study describes three clinical cases of double teeth in the position of the maxillary permanent incisors. The first case demonstrates an example of multidisciplinary care including surgical intraoral hemisection, root canal therapy, restorative and orthodontic treatment. The second and third cases describe the external and internal morphology of the two fused teeth by means of three dimensional dental computer tomography.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.448-454
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• 2012

In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrogen absorption model is applied to a thin double-layered annulus ZrCo hydride bed and validated against the temperature evolution data measured by Kang et al. The present model reasonably captures the bed temperature evolution behavior and the 99% hydrogen charging time. The equilibrium pressure expression for hydrogen absorption on ZrCo is derived as a function of temperature and the H/M atomic ratio based on the pressure-composition isotherm data given by Konishi et al. In addition, this present model provides multi-dimensional contours such as temperature and H/M atomic ratio in the thin doublelayered annulus metal hydride region. This numerical study provides fundamental understanding during hydrogen absorption process and indicates that efficient design of the metal hydride bed is critical to achieve rapid hydrogen charging performance. The present three-dimensional hydrogen absorption model is a useful tool for the optimization of bed design and operating conditions.