• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 1984

These experiments were carried out to obtain basic information necessary for in vitro culture of aggregated mouse embryos. Inbred ICR mice were used to obtain embryos. The zona pellucida was removed by placing the embryos in Whittingham's medium containing 0.5% protease for about 5-10minutes at 37$^{\circ}C$. Total 263 pairs of 2-, 4- and 8-cell zona free mouse embryos were subjected to aggregation by physical pressure and cultured in Whittingham's medium under the gas phase of 5% CO2 in air at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 24 to 60 hours. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. Time needed for fusion of 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos were 0-3, 0-3 and 0-3 hours, respectively and average time needed for in vitro development of 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos after aggregation to morula and blastocyst were 42, 30 and 13.5 hours, and 51, 39 and 27 hours, respectively. 2. Of total 263 pairs of naked embryos, 227 were firmly aggregated together and the rats of aggregation in 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos were 71.8, 88.3 and 97.0%, respectively. 3. The rates of aggregated pairs which obtained from 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos developed to morula were 96.7, 95.6 and 96.9%, respectively, and embryos developed to blastocysts were 88.5, 89.7 and 90.8%, respectively. 4. Conspicuous differences in size of volume and inner cell masses between single and double blastocysts were observed. Although a single blastocolic cavity was formed in most double blastocysts, several formed two distinct cavities from the very beginning.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.112-117
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• 1982

Communications of coronary arteries with the cardiac cavities have first time been described by Krause in 1865 in a case of an accessory artery draining into the pulmonary artery and later Cayla in a case of a right coronary artery entering the right ventricle. The initial cases have been found accidentally at autopsies, however In recent years after the Introduction of angiography and coronary arteriography, the malformation Is diagnosed during life and is corrected surgically. These conditions are unusual entitles since the advent of angiography they are being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Three patients who had surgical correction of coronary-cardiac chamber fistula at our hospital are presented. In the first case and second case, coronary arteriovenous fistula was corrected horizontal mattress suture ligation with pladget under the cardiopulmonary bypass and third case was corrected double ligation with cardiopulmonary bypass standby. The postoperative courses were uneventful. They discharged without any fistula related complica-tions.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권9호
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 1995

In this paper an elliptic response dual-mode 4-pole bandpass filter was designed, manu-factured, and tested. A dual-mode filter having two stages cascaded double-tuned cavities which are resonant in two independent orthogonal TE113 circular-cavity modes and provide a bandpass response. A 4-pole dual-mode elliptic function bandpass filter has a center frequency of 14.022 GHz with a bandwidth of 36 MHz which is the first channel of the KOREASAT up-link frequency. The measured experimental results of a dual-mode filter are 1 dB insertion loss in the passband and 20 dB out-of-rejection.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2002

Experimental study is performed on flashlamp-pumped Ti: sapphire lasers with single, double, and four-partial-ellipse-pump cavities aiming at improving the performance of the lasers. The output energy of 604 mJ per pulse with a width of 25 $\mu$s at a total laser efficiency of 0.13% is achieved in the laser pumped by a light pulse of 45$\mu$s without a fluorescent converter The laser output energy versus its Ti: sappy ire rod length, pumping-light pulse duration, and electrical input energy are discussed with or without using a fluorescent converter. The result shows that much more output energy is obtained il a longer Ti: sapphire-rod laser pumped by a shorter light pulse when its output coupler has an optimized transmittance. In addition, an enhancement of output energy by a factor of 7 is achieved. in the laser using a fluorescent converter LD490.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2007

The crystal structure of fully dehydrated partially Cs+-exchanged zeolite X, [Cs52Na40Si100Al92O384], a = 24.9765(10) A, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21 °C. The crystal was prepared by flow method for 5 days using exchange solution in which mole ratio of CsOH and CsNO3 was 1 : 1 with total concentration of 0.05 M. The crystal was then dehydrated at 400 °C and 2 × 10-6 Torr for 2 days. The structure was refined to the final error indices, R1 = 0.051 and wR2 (based on F2) = 0.094 with 247 reflections for which Fo > 4σ (Fo). In this structure, about fifty-two Cs+ ions per unit cell are located at six different crystallographic sites with special selectivity; about one Cs+ ion is located at site I, at the centers of double oxygen-rings (D6Rs), two Cs+ ions are located at site I', and six Cs+ ions are found at site II'. This is contrary to common view that Cs+ ions cannot pass sodalite cavities nor D6Rs because six-ring entrances are too small. Ring-opening by the formation of ?OH groups and ring-flexing make Cs+ ions at sites I, I', and II' enter six-oxygen rings. The defects of zeolite frameworks also give enough mobility to Cs+ ions to enter sodalite cavities and D6Rs. Another six Cs+ ions are found at site II, thirty-six are located at site III, and one is located at site III' in the supercage, respectively. Forty Na+ ions per unit cell are located at two different crystallographic sites; about fourteen are located at site I, the centers of D6Rs and twenty-six are also located at site II in the supercage. Cs+ ions and Na+ ions at site II are recessed ca. 0.34(1) A and 1.91(1) A into the supercage, respectively. In this work, the highest exchange level of Cs+ ions per unit cell was achieved in zeolite X by conventional aqueous solution methods and it was also shown that Cs+ ion could pass through the sixoxygen rings.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1998

The crystal structure of a benzene sorption complex of fully dehydrated Cd2+-exchanged zeolite X, Cd46Si100Al92O384·43C6H6 (a=24.880(6) Å), has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd3 at 21 ℃. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange in a flowing stream of 0.05 M aqueous Cd(NO3)2 for 3 d, followed by dehydration at 400 ℃ and 2 x 10-6 Torr for 2 d, followed by exposure to about 92 Torr of benzene vapor at 22 ℃. The structure was determined in this atmosphere and refined to the final error indices R1=0.054 and Rw=0.066 with 561 reflections for which I > 3σ(I). In this structure, Cd2+ ions are found at four crystallographic sites: eleven Cd2+ ions are at site 1, at the centers of the double six-oxygen rings; six Cd2+ ions lie at site I', in the sodalite cavity opposite to the double six-oxygen rings; and the remaining 29 Cd2+ ions are found at two nonequivalent threefold axes of unit cell, sites Ⅱ' (in the sodalite cavity ) and site Ⅱ (in the supercage) with occupancies of 2 and 27 ions, respectively. Each of these Cd2+ ions coordinates to three framework oxylkens, either at 2.173(13) or 2.224(10) Å, respectively, and extends 0.37 Å into the sodalite unit or 0.60 Å into the supercage from the plane of the three oxygens to which it is bound. The benzene molecules are found at two distinct sites within the supercages. Twenty-seven benzenes lie on threefold axes in the large cavities where they interact facially with the latter 27 site-Ⅱ Cd2+ ions (Cd2+-benzene center=2.72 Å; occupancy=27 molecules/32 sites). The remaining sixteen benzene molecules are found in 12ring planes; occupancy=16 molecules/16 sites. Each hydrogen of these sixteen benzenes is ca. 2.8/3.0 Å from three 12-ring oxygens where each is stabilized by multiple weak electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with framework oxygens.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

다중모드 간섭기를 이용한 반도체 이중사각형 링 공진기에서의 단일 파장 모드 발진특성을 관찰하였다. 실험에 사용된 공진기의 에피택시는 발진 중심파장이 $1.55{\mu}m$인 InGaAsP-InP 다중양자우물 구조를 활성층으로 사용하여 제작되었다. 공진기의 구조는 다중모드 간섭기를 결합기로 이용한 이중사각형 링 공진기이며 발진특성을 측정하였다. 여러 가지 구조 변수를 즉 공진기의 구조 및 크기, 다중모드 간섭기의 길이를 변화시키며 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과 다양한 크기와 구성에서 단일파장모드선택 특성이 잘 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2007

Large colorless single crystals of sodium zeolite X, stoichiometry |Na80 |[Si112Al80O384]-FAU, with diameters up to 200 μm and Si/Al = 1.41 have been synthesized from gels with the composition of 2.40SiO2 : 2.00NaAlO2 : 7.52NaOH : 454H2O : 5.00TEA. One of these, a colorless octahedron about 200 μm in cross-section has been treated with aqueous 0.1 M KNO3 for the preparation of K+-exchanged zeolite X. The crystal structure of |K80|[Si112Al80O384]-FAU per unit cell, a = 24.838(4) A, dehydrated at 673 K and 1 × 10-6 Torr, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Fd at 294 K. The structure was refined using all intensities to the final error indices (using only the 707 reflections for which Fo > 4σ (Fo)) R1 = 0.075 (based on F) and R2 = 0.236 (based on F2). About 80 K+ ions per unit cell are found at an unusually large number of crystallographically distinct positions, eight. Eleven K+ ions are at the centers of double 6-rings (D6Rs, site I; K-O = 2.492(6) A and O-K-O (octahedral) = 88.45(22)o and 91.55(22)o). Site-I' position (in the sodalite cavities opposite D6Rs) is occupied by five K+ ions per unit cell; these K+ ions are recessed 1.92 A into the sodalite cavities from their 3-oxygen planes (K-O = 2.820(19) A, and O-K-O = 78.6(6)o). Twety-three K+ ions are found at three nonequivalent site II (in the supercage) with occupancies of 5, 9, and 9 ions; these K+ ions are recessed 0.43 A, 0.75 A, and 1.55 A, respectively, into the supercage from the three oxygens to which it is bound (K-O = 2.36(13) A, 2.45(13) A, and 2.710(13) A, O-K-O = 116.5(20)o, 110.1(17)o, and 90.4(6)o, respectively). The remaining sixteen, thirteen, and twelve K+ ions occupy three sites III' near triple 4-rings in the supercage (K-O = 2.64(3) A, 2.94(3) A, 2.73(5) A, 2.96(6) A, 3.06(4) A, and 3.08(3) A).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.932-940
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• 2016

Pool boiling heat transfer of water saturated at atmospheric pressure was investigated experimentally on Cu surfaces with high-temperature, thermally-conductive, microporous coatings (HTCMC). The coatings were created by sintering Cu powders on Cu surfaces in a nitrogen gas environment. A parametric study of the effects of particle size and coating thickness was conducted using three average particle sizes (APSs) of $10{\mu}m$, $25{\mu}m$, and $67{\mu}m$ and various coating thicknesses. It was found that nucleate boiling heat transfer (NBHT) and critical heat flux (CHF) were enhanced significantly for sintered microporous coatings. This is believed to have resulted from the random porous structures that appear to include reentrant type cavities. The maximum NBHT coefficient was measured to be approximately $400kW/m^2k$ with APS $67{\mu}m$ and $296{\mu}m$ coating thicknesses. This value is approximately eight times higher than that of a plain Cu surface. The maximum CHF observed was $2.1MW/m^2$ at APS $67{\mu}m$ and $428{\mu}m$ coating thicknesses, which is approximately double the CHF of a plain Cu surface. The enhancement of NBHT and CHF appeared to increase as the particle size increased in the tested range. However, two larger particle sizes ($25{\mu}m$ and $67{\mu}m$) showed a similar level of enhancement.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.474-482
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• 1996

$Ag^+$ 이온으로 완전히 치환되고 탈수된 두개의 제올라이트 X의 구조(a=24.922${\AA}$, a=24.901(1)${\AA}$)를 21$^{\circ}C$에서 입방공간군 Fd3을 사용하여 단결정 X-선 회절법으로 해석하고 구조를 정밀화하였다. 결정은 $AgNO_3$의 수용액을 사용하여 3일간 흐름법으로 이온 교환하였다. 첫번째 결정은 300$^{\circ}C$에서 $2{\times}10^{-6$torr하에서 2일간 진공 탈수하였다. 두번째 결정은 350$^{\circ}C$에서 진공 탈수하였다. 첫번째 구조는 Full-matrix 최소자승법 정밀화 계산에서 I>3${\sigma}$(I)인 227개의 독립 반사를 사용하여 최종 오차 인자를 $R_1=0.095,\;R_2=0.092$까지 정밀화 계산하였고, 두번째 구조는 334개의 독립 반사를 사용하여 $R_1=0.096,\;R_2=0.087$까지 정밀화시켰다. 첫번째 결정에서 Ag는 서로 다른 5개의 결정학적 자리에 위치하였다. 16개의 $Ag^-$이온은 D6R의 중심에 있는 자리 I를 채우면서 위치하고, 32개의 Ag원자는 D6R의 맞은편에 있는 소다라이트 공동에 있는 자리 I'에 위치하였고, 17개의 $Ag^+$ 이온은 큰 공동에 있는 6-산소 링에서 소다라이트 공동 내의 32-중축을 가진 II'에 위치하고, 15개의 $Ag^+$ 이온은 큰 공동에 32-중축을 가진 II에 위치하고, 나마지 12개의 $Ag^+$이온은 2중축을 약간 벗어난 큰 공동에 있는 III'에 위치하였다. 두번째 결정에서 모든 Ag종은 첫번째 결정과 유사한 자리에 있었다. 자리 I에 16개, 자리 I'에 28개, 자리 II에 16개, 자리 II'에 16개, 자리 III에 6개 또 다른 III'에 6개 모두 88개의 Ag종이 위치하였고 4개의 Ag원자는 탈수중에 골조 밖으로 이동하였다. 이들 결정에서 Ag원자는 소다라이트 공동의 중심에서 사면체의 $Ag_4$ 클라스터를 형성하였다. 이 클라스터는 2개의 $Ag^+$이온과 배위하여 안정화 된다. 클라스터에서 Ag-Ag 거리는 약 3.05.angs.이고 은금속에서 Ag-Ag 거리인 2.89.angs.보다 약간 길었다. 소다라이트 공동에 위치한 자리II에서 적어도 2개의 6-링에 위치한 $Ag^+$이온은 클라스터에 반드시 배위하며, 뒤틀린 팔면체 은 클라스터인($Ag_6)^{2+}$)로 존재한다.