• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2000

목 적: 신생아 담즙정체증의 흔한 원인중 하나인 담도폐쇄증의 진단에 많이 이용되고 있는 Tc-99m DISIDA간담도 주사의 진단적 의의에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 1995년 1월부터 1999년 8월까지 4년 8개월 동안 서울 중앙병원 소아과와 소아외과에서 신생아담즙정체증으로 Tc-99m DISIDA간담도 주사를 시행한 60명의 환자를 대상으로 그 결과를 분석하였다. 결 과: 전체 60명의 환자 중에서 담도폐쇄증으로 14례(23%), 신생아 간염으로 33례(55%), 간내 담도형성부전증으로 9례(15%), 경정맥 고영양법으로 인한 황달로 4례(7%)가 진단되었다. Tc-99m DISIDA 간담도주사의 민감도는 100%를 보였고 특이도는 80%였다. 결 론: Tc-99m DISIDA 간담도주사에서 장관내 방사능이 관찰되면 담도폐쇄증을 진단에서 제외할 수 있지만 관찰되지 않을 경우에는 경피간침생검이나 시험적 개복술 등의 적극적인 진단방법을 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 1983

무우의 붕소결핍증(硼素缺乏症)으로 알려진 근부흑변현상(根部黑変現象)의 발생원인(発生原因)과 품종별(品種別) 발생율차이(発生率差異) 및 붕소(硼素) 시용효과(施用効果)를 검토(検討)하기 위하여 수용성붕소함량(水溶性硼素含量)이 0.20ppm인 사질양토(砂質壤土)에서 6개(個)의 봄무우품종(品種)을 공시(供試)하여 붕소무시용구(硼素無施用区), 엽면살포구(葉面撒布区)(붕소(硼素) 0.5ppm, 3회살포(回撒布)), 토양(土壤) 시용구(施用区)(붕사(硼砂) 1.5kg/10a)를 설정(設定)하여 실시(実施)한 시험결과(試験結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 무우의 근흑변(根黑変) 개체발생률(個体発生率)은 평균(平均) 무시용구(無施用区) 70%, 엽면살표구(葉面撒布区) 52%, 토양시용구(土壤施用区) 4%이였고 품종간(品種間) 발생률(発生率)은 각(各) 구별(区別)로 각각 45~90%, 30~85%, 0~l5% 범위(範圍) 내(內)에 있었다. 2. 엽중(葉中)의 평균(平均) 붕소함량(硼素含量)(파종후(播種後) 65일(日))은 무시용구(無施用区) 16.8ppm 엽면살포구(葉面撒布区) 20.3 ppm 토양시용구(土壤施用区) 36.2ppm 이였다. 3. 무우의 급격한 근비대(根肥大) 시기(時期)는 파종후(播種後) 55일(日)에서 65일(日) 사이었으며 이 기간중(期間中)의 엽중(葉中) 붕소함량(硼素含量)은 무시용구(無施用区)와 엽면살포구(葉面撤布区)에서는 근비대(根肥大)와 더불어 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 보여 이 시기(時期)에 붕소(硼素)의 공급량(供給量) 부족(不足)으로 흑변현상(黑変現象)이 발생(発生)되는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 반대(反対)로 토양시용구(土壤施用区)에서는 이 시기(時期)에 엽중(葉中) 붕소함량(硼素含量)이 약간 증가(増加)하였다. 4. 근흑변발생률(根黑変発生率)은 엽중붕소함량(葉中硼素含量)과 높은 상관(相関) ($r=-0.755^{**}$)이 있었으나 품종간(品種間) 근흑변발생률(根黑変発生率) 차이(差異)는 붕소함량(硼素含量)과는 일정(一定)한 관계(関係)가 없었다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2018

경남지역 제초제 저항성 피의 발생현황과 저항성 정도를 알아보기 위하여 벼 재배 논에서 100개체의 피 종자를 수집하여 ACCase 저해제인 cyhalofop-butyl에 대한 약량반응 실험을 수행한 결과, 수집한 피의 7%가 저항성으로 조사되었다. 선발된 감수성 5개체의 $GR_{50}$값은 평균 $147g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$로 나타났고, 함양 지역의 저항성 개체의 $GR_{50}$값은 $738g\;a.i.\;ha^{-1}$ 로 R/S (ratio of resistance to sensitivity)값은 5.01배로 나타났다. 현재 경남지역에서의 저항성 피의 발생 수준은 낮은 것으로 나타났지만, 저항성 피의 확산을 지연시키거나 막기 위해서는 주기적인 저항성 피의 모니터링과 체계적인 저항성 잡초 관리방안을 마련하여 수행할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2012

Objective : Brainstem arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rare and radiosurgical management is complicated by the sensitivity of the adjacent neurological structures. Complete obliteration of the nidus is not always possible. We describe over 20 years of radiosurgical procedures for brainstem AVMs, focusing on clinical outcomes and radiosurgical techniques. Methods : Between 1992 and 2011, the authors performed gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in 464 cerebral AVMs. Twenty-nine of the 464 patients (6.3%) reviewed had brainstem AVMs. This series included sixteen males and thirteen females with a mean age of 30.7 years (range : 5-71 years). The symptoms that led to diagnoses were as follows : an altered mentality (5 patients, 17.3%), motor weakness (10 patients, 34.5%), cranial nerve symptoms (3 patients, 10.3%), headache (6 patients, 20.7%), dizziness (3 patients, 10.3%), and seizures (2 patients, 6.9%). Two patients had undergone a previous nidus resection, and three patients had undergone a previous embolization. Twenty-four patients underwent only GKRS. With respect to the nidus type and blood flow, the ratio of compact type to diffuse type and high flow to low flow were 17 : 12 and 16 : 13, respectively. In this series, 24 patients (82.8%) had a prior hemorrhage. The mean target volume was 1.7 $cm^3$ (range 0.1-11.3 $cm^3$). The mean maximal and marginal radiation doses were 38.5 Gy (range 28.6-43.6 Gy) and 23.4 Gy (range 18-27 Gy), and the mean isodose profile was 61.3% (range 50-70%). Results : Twenty-four patients had brainstem AVMs and were followed for more than 3 years. Obliteration of the AVMs was eventually documented in 17 patients (70.8%) over a mean follow-up period of 77.5 months (range 36-216 months). With respect to nidus type and blood flow, the obliteration rate of compact types (75%) was higher than that of diffuse types (66.7%), and the obliteration rate of low flow AVMs (76.9%) was higher than that of high flow AVMs (63.6%) (p<0.05). Two patients (6.9%) with three hemorrhagic events suffered a hemorrhage during the follow-up period. The annual bleeding rate of AVM after GKRS was 1.95% per year. No adverse radiation effects or delayed cystic formations were found. Conclusion : GKRS has an important clinical role in treatment of brainstem AVMs, which carry excessive surgical risks. Angiographic features and radiosurgical techniques using a lower maximal dose with higher isodose profiles are important for lesion obliteration and the avoidance of complications.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 1989

Inflammation scan using radiolabelled leukocytes has high sensitivity and specificity. Several methods for labelling leukocytes have been evaluated using P-32 diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP-32), H-3 thymidine, Cr-51 chromate, Ga-67 citrate and Tc-99m-sulfur colloid. In-111-oxine has proved so far to be the most reliable agent for labelling leukocytes. In-111-oxine is, however, expensive, not easily available when needed, and its radiation dose to leukocytes is relatively high. Moreover, resolution of the resultant image is relatively poor. Tc-99m is still the agent of choice because of, as compared with the indium, its favorable physical characteristics, lower cost and availability. Now the technique for labelling the leukocytes with technetium is successfully obtained using the lipophilic HAPAO with higher efficiency for granulocytes than for other cells. With this technique it is possible to label leukocytes in plasma to improve the viability of the leukocytes. Inflammation scan using Tc-99m-HMPAO has been evaluated in several laboratories, and difference in methods for separation and labelling accounts for difference in efficiency, viability and biodistribution of the labelled leukocytes. We performed inflammation scan using leukocytes labelled with Tc-99m-HMPAO in three dogs 24 hours after inoculation of live E. Coli and A. Aureus in their right abdominal wall. We separated mixed leukocytes by simple sedimentation using 6% hetastarch (HES) and labelled the leukocytes with Tc-99m-HMPAO in 20% cell free plama diluted with phosphate buffer solution(Fig. 1). Uptake was high in the liver and spleen but is was minimal in the lungs on whole body scan. Kidneys and intestine showed minimal activity although it was high in the urinary bladder(Fig. 2). Uptake of labelled leukocytes in the inflammation site was do(mite on 2 hour-postinjection scan and abscess was clearly delineated on 24 hour-delayed scan with high target-to-nontarget ratio(Fig. 3, 4). Inflammation scan using mixed leukocytes labelled with Tc-99m-HMPAO is very sensitive and specific in early detection of inflammation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.759-766
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• 2006

급성 전골수성 백혈병은 염색체 전위의 결과로 생긴 PML/RAR$({\alpha})$ 융합 단백의 과발현으로 영향을 받은 전골 수세포의 분화 정지로 발생하는 골수성 백혈병의 일종이다. 삼산화 비소는 세포고사를 유발하여 급성전골수성 백혈병의 관해를 유도한다는 것이 밝혀졌으나 이 약제에 대한 감수성이 다양하여 고형암에 적용하기에는 제한점이 있다. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)에 감수성인 NB4 세포주와 내성인 UF-1 세포주 모두에 삼산화 비소가 세포고사를 유도하였다. 백혈병 세포주를 삼산화 비소로 처리하여, 세포내 GSH 농도가 낮아지고 세포고사의 감수성이 높아지는 상관관계를 찾았으며 전골수성 암세포를 수지상 세포 표면 표식자를 가진 세포로 분화시켰다. ATRA에 대한 감수성인 세포주와 내성인 세포주의 삼산화 비소에 대한 반응의 차이를 이해하고, 전골수 세포가 수지상 세포로 분화하는 과정을 규명한다면, 삼산화 비소에 의한 전골수성 백혈병의 완전관해의 기전을 밝힐 수 있고 또한 임상적용을 확대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.25-38
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• 1965

I. Breeding of tussah silkworm(preliminary report). The preliminary examination for bleeding has been carried out since 1963 in tussah silkworms. 1) The strain(l-MG-B)of the heaviest silk quantity was the green silkworm and brown cocoon in univoltine, and the strains(2-G-B, 2-MG-B) of the heaviest silk quantity were also the green silkwom and brown cocoon in bivoltine in both spring and fall in 1965. 2) It looks like the voltinism, the body color and the cocoon color have reached to pure line up to 1965. II. Best place for the winter of tussah pupa. This work was aimed to find out good ways for the winter of tussah pupa. 1) The hatch of bivoltine was better than that of univoltine. 2) The cocoons covered with the leaves were good in the emergence of moth. 3) The cocoons which were kept at natural temperature till the first emergence of moths would show bad in both hatch and emergence. 4) If some of the pupae kept under natural condition were controled at proper temperature for a few days, hatch and laying eggs were best. 5) The best places for the winter were the egg storage and the rearing room. III. Relation between incubation temperature and voltinism. 1) When the tussah pupa are kept at natural temperature during winter, the moths do not come out of the pupa. 2) There is no difference between about 18$^{\circ}C$ and about 25$^{\circ}C$ during incubation in hatching ratio. 3) The tussah silkworms of univoltine in mortality are stronger than that of bivoltine. 4) There is not any relation between voltinism and high or low temperature for pupa and eggs. IV. Induced mutation by gamma-ray and neutron in tussah silkworm. This work was carried out in order to induce the mutation by treating the pupa or the eggs of tussah silkworm with gamma my and neutron. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Though the whole pupa treated with neutron become moths, the moths have no ability to copulate each other. The only moths emerged from pupa treated with neutron, 4000${\gamma}$ are able to lay all un-fertilized eggs, some of which have a hole on the surface and nothing of contents. 2. The non-diapause eggs are treated with neutron in spring, but the hatching ratio is 50∼60 percent, but the whole eggs treated with gamma ray are never hatched. 3. The sensitivity of the pupa to neutron is weaker than that of the eggs. 4. The hatching ratio is in direct proportion to the gamma ray dose. 5. Author find out a new mutant which is excellent in the cocoon quality, so he will do the progeny test next hear.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.265-271
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• 2001

In order to elucidate the influence of intestinal and hepatic first-pass effect on the pharmacokinetics of triflusal, the biotransformation of triflusal in the gastrointestinal tract and liver was designed. Moreover, we tried to establish an HPLC method applicable for bioassay and available to pharmacokinetics, not only with the simultaneous determination of triflusal and its active metabolite, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid (HTB), but also with improving sensitivity. After the administration of triflusal (10 mg/kg) and HTB (10 mg/kg) into femoral vein, portal vein (only triflusal) and oral route (only triflusal), pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated from the plasma concentration-time profiles of triflusal and HTB in rats. An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of triflusal and HTB in rat plasma, urine and bile. The HPLC analysis was carried out using a C18 column and acetonitrile-methanol-water (25:10:65, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and UV detection at 234 nm. Furosemide was used as the internal standard. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range $0.05-5.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ for triflusal and $0.2-200.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ for HTB with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 and with intra-day or inter-day coefficients of variation not exceeding 10.0%. This assay procedure was applied to the study of metabolite pharmacokinetics of triflusal and HTB in rats. It was supposed that triflusal was almost metabolized in vivo because urinary and biliary excreted amounts of triflusal could be ignored as it was lower than 1.2% of the administered dose. According to the gastrointestinal and hepatic biotransformation pathways of triflusal, it was found that triflusal was hydrolyzed by about 5% in intestine and metabolized by about 53% in liver, and that the bioavailability of triflusal after oral administration of triflusal was 0.44, and also that the fraction of total elimination rate of triflusal which formed HTB in liver $(F_{mi},\;%)$ was about 98%. These results showed that triflusal was almost metabolized in liver, and the total elimination of triflusal in the body was dependent to the formation rate of HTB from triflusal in liver.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.48-54
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• 1968

成熱한 albino 雄性 흰쥐를 對照群과 實驗群으로 나누어 對照群에는 0.9% 生理食鹽水를, 實驗群에는 methylene blue (40mg/kg, 食鹽水에 溶解, pH 7.0)를 各各 皮下注射處理하였다. 30 分後에 兩群共히 每分當 33r 으로 總線量 300r 의 X-線을 一時 全身照射하였다. 照射後 24日間에 걸쳐 肝臟 glycogen 含量(Carroll et al. 方法), 血糖含量(Folin and Wu 方法) 및 K 와 Na 含量(flame photometer)과 Cl 含量(automatic chloride titrator)을 各各 測定하여 methylene blue의 放射線에 對한 防禦　果를 硏究調査하였다. 一般的으로 肝臟 glycogen 含量은 兩群共히 X-線照射直後 若干 減少하나 1 日區에서부터 急激한 增加를 나타내고 있으며 特히 實驗群인 methylene blue 處理群에서는 對照群인 生理食鹽水群에 比하여 增加의 遲滯性을 나타내었다. 血糖含量에 對해서는 兩群모두 X-線 照射直後 若干 減少하는 傾向을 보였으나 時日經過에 따라서 서서히 增加하며 特히 實驗根인 methylene blue 處理群은 對照群인 生理食鹽水에 比하여 增加에 遲滯性을 나타내었다. 또한 血液內 電解質含量에 있어서 K, Na 및 Cl 含量은 一般的으로 兩群모두 時日經過에 따라 큰 變化는 없었으나 特히 K와 Na의 含量은 初期狀態에서 若干의 變化가 있었고 Cl 에서는 別變化를 觀察할 수 없는것으로보아 methylene blue가 血液內 電解質含量에는 別影響이 없었다. 以上의 結果로 미루어 보아 炭水化物代謝에 있어서 methylene blue가 放射線에 對한 防禦　果가 있는 것으로 思料된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

감마선 조사를 통한 즉석식품 제조용 육가공제품의 미생물학적 및 유전 독성학적 안전성 평가를 실시하였다. 미생물 안전성은 총 4종류의 병원성 미생물(Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus 및 Listeria ivanovii)을 이용하여 inoculation test를 실시하였으며 유전 독성학적 평가는 ames test를 통해 조사하였다. 4 종류의 병원성 미생물을 볶은 쇠고기 및 햄에 접종했을 경우 초기 균수는 7 log 정도로 나타났으나 1 kGy로 감마선 조사했을 경우 S. typhimurium은 4 log cycle 정도, E. coli 및 S. aureus는 3 log 및 L. ivanovii는 2 log정도 증식이 억제되었다. 볶은 쇠고기 및 햄에 접종된 4 종류의 병원성 미생물은 3 kGy의 선량으로 감마선 조사했을 경우 검출되지 않았다. 볶은 쇠고기 및 햄에 접종된 4종류의 병원성 미생물의 방사선 조사에 대한 감수성을 측정한 결과 접종된 병원성 미생물의 D/sub 10/ value는 볶은 쇠고기에 접종된 L. ivanovii가 0.48로 가장 감수성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 볶은 쇠고기 및 햄을 비조사구와 조사구(10 kGy)로 나누어 S. typhimurium TA98 및 TA100 두 균주를 이용하여 유전 독성학적 안전성을 평가한 결과 대사활성을 시킨 경우와 대사활성을 시키지 않은 경우 모두 추출물의 농도에 따른 복귀돌연변이 집락수의 증가는 확인되지 않아, 즉석 식품제조를 위한 볶은 쇠고기 및 햄의 감마선 조사는 유전독성학적으로 안전한 것으로 나타났다.