• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2020

Objective : This study is accomplished in order to investigate the effect of banggibongnyeongtang on the immunohistological change in LPS-induced depression rats to confirm the histological result of the previous behavioral and biochemical effect. Methods : LPS 5 ㎍ was injected to lateral ventricle and experimental groups were administered BBT intraperitoneally. The concentration of 5-HT in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Striatum, Hippocampus, Amygdala was measured by ELISA. IL-1β, TNF-α mRNA and BDNF mRNA expression in the hippocampus was examined by RT-PCR. Result : BBT enhanced 5-HT concentration at all part of brain but no significantly difference at medial prefrontal cortex and striatum. LPS+BBT400 group increased 5-HT concentration significantly than LPS group at hippocampus and amygdala (p<0.05). BBT decreased IL-1β mRNA expression dose dependently but only with significantly decrease in LPS+BBT400 group than LPS group's in Hippocampus (p<0.05). But BBT did not decrease TNF-α mRNA expression significantly in Hippocampus. BBT increased the expression of BDNF mRNA at hippocampus and LPS+BBT400 group significantly increased comparing with LPS group does (p<0.05). Conclusion : It is postulated that the anti-depressant effect of BBT can be validated through the anti-inflammatory effect, 5-HT concentration increase, and the neuro-protective effect mediated by BDNF by combining the results of the previous report about the behavioral and biochemical effect.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.59 no.sup1
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• pp.161-164
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• 2016

Guillain-$Barr{\acute{e}}$ syndrome and acute transverse myelitis manifest as demyelinating diseases of the peripheral and central nervous system. Concurrency of these two disorders is rarely documented in literature. A 4-year-old girl presenting with cough, fever, and an impaired walking ability was admitted to hospital. She had no previous complaints in her medical history. A physical examination revealed lack of muscle strength of the lower extremities and deep tendon reflexes. MRI could not be carried out due to technical problems; therefore, both Guillain-$Barr{\acute{e}}$ syndrome and acute transverse myelitis were considered for the diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was started as first line therapy. Because this treatment did not relieve the patient's symptoms, spinal MRI was carried out on the fourth day of admission and demyelinating areas were identified. Based on the new findings, the patient was diagnosed with acute transverse myelitis, and high dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy was started. Electromyography findings were consistent with acute polyneuropathy affecting both motor and sensory fibers. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with concurrency of Guillain-$Barr{\acute{e}}$ syndrome and acute transverse myelitis. Interestingly, while concurrency of these 2 disorders is rare, this association has been demonstrated in various recent publications. Progress in diagnostic tests (magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological examination studies) has enabled clinicians to establish the right diagnosis. The possibility of concurrent Guillain-$Barr{\acute{e}}$ syndrome and acute transverse myelitis should be considered if recovery takes longer than anticipated.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1673-1676
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• 2000

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare but fatal complication. It manifests as fever, skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and hepatitis. Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine are the most frequently involved drugs. We here report a case of phenytoin-induced anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. A 37-year-old woman presented with fever and generalized skin rash, 3 weeks following commencement of phenytoin 400mg daily for treatment of seizure after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery(STA-MCA) anastomosis for moyamoya disease. Her temperature was $39.3^{\circ}C$ and her face was edematous. Laboratory findings showed elevated hepatic enzymes and eosinophilia. Blood and urine culture were all negative. Initially, prednisolone was commenced at 30 mg daily. But fever and skin rash did not improved and hepatic function was more aggravated. After increasing dose of steroid(methylprednisolone 125mg/day), fever and skin rash disappeared and hepatic enzymes returned to normal range.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.722-729
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• 2006

Recently, we have reported that 3-hydrogenkwadaphnin (3-HK), a diterpene ester isolated from Dendrostellera lessertii (Thymealeaceae), is very effective against leukemia cell lines without any detectable effects on normal cells (Moosavi et al., 2005b). In this study, we report that 3-HK induces $G_1$ cell-cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in APL NB4 cell line. Indeed, the drug between 24 to 96 h induced 7-65% growth inhibition of NB4 cells. Cell viability was also decreased by 2-55% between 24 to 96 h treatments with the drug, respectively. These effects of the drug were also dose-dependent. According to flow cytomtry results, 3-HK (15 nM) induced a significant G1-arrest up to 24 h which was consequently followed with appearance of sub-$G_1$ peak at 72 to 96 h. Hoechst 33258 staining and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis among the treated cells. On the other hand, NBT reducing assay, Wright-Giemsa staining, phagocytic activity and expression of cell surface markers (CD11b and CD14) confirmed that the inhibition of proliferation is associated with differentiation especially toward macrophage-like morphology. Interestingly, 3-HK at 5 and 10 nM enhanced the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in NB4 cells. Based on these results, 3-HK might become an ideal candidate for treatment of APL patients pending full exploration of its biological functions.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2015

The widely used polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based solutions have been proven effective for bowel preparation when 4 L of the solution is administered before colonoscopy. However, large volumes of the solutions are generally poorly tolerated. A new PEG-based solution consisting of 2 L of PEG and a high dose of ascorbic acid has recently become available. Electrolyte abnormalities caused by PEG-based solutions have rarely been reported. We report on a case of acute severe hyponatremia with associated generalized tonic-clonic seizures after bowel preparation with a low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid solution in a 74-year-old woman with no history of seizures. She took a beta blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and glimepiride for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. She showed general weakness, nausea, agitation, muscle cramping, and seizures after ingestion of the PEG plus ascorbic acid solution. Her serum sodium level was 112 mEq/L. Her symptoms improved after intravenous administration of hypertonic saline. Physicians should pay attention to screening for electrolytes and development of neurological symptoms during bowel preparation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

In an ongoing survey of the bioactive potential of microorganisms from Ladakh, India, the culture medium of a bacterial strain of a new Pseudomonas sp., strain ICTB-745, isolated from an alkaline soil sample collected from Leh, Ladakh, India, was found to contain metabolites that exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial and biosurfactant activities. Bioactivity-guided purification resulted in the isolation of four bioactive compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR, 2D-NMR (HMBC, HSQC, $^1H$,$^1H$-COSY, and DEPT-135), FT-IR, and mass spectroscopic methods, and were identified as 1-hydroxyphenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), rhamnolipid-1 (RL-1), and rhamnolipid-2 (RL-2). These metabolites exhibited various biological activities like antimicrobial and efficient cytotoxic potencies against different human tumor cell lines such as HeLa, HepG2, A549, and MDA MB 231. RL-1 and RL-2 exhibited a dose-dependent antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura, producing about 82.06% and 73.66% antifeedant activity, whereas PCA showed a moderate antifeedant activity (63.67%) at 60 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ area of castor leaf. Furthermore, PCA, RL-1, and RL-2 exhibited about 65%, 52%, and 47% mortality, respectively, against Rhyzopertha dominica at 20 ${\mu}g/ml$. This is the first report of rhamnolipids as antifeedant metabolites against Spodoptera litura and as insecticidal metabolites against Rhyzopertha dominica. The metabolites from Pseudomonas sp. strain ICTB-745 have interesting potential for use as a biopesticide in pest control programs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2013

Essential oils are increasingly of interest for use as novel drugs acting as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In the present study, we report the in vitro antiviral activities of 29 essential oils, extracted from Chinese indigenous aromatic plants, against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Of these essential oils, those oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass effected a more than 50% inhibition of TMV at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the mode of antiviral action of the active essential oils was also determined. Essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass possessed potent inactivation and curative effects in vivo and had a directly passivating effect on TMV infection in a dose-dependent manner. However, all other active essential oils exhibited a moderate protective effect in vivo. The chemical constitutions of the essential oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of these essential oils were ${\alpha}$-zingiberene (35.21%), limonene (76.25%), terpinen-4-ol (41.20%), limonene (80.95%), 1,8-cineole (27.45%), and terpinolene (10.67%). The curative effects of 10 individual compounds from the active essential oils on TMV infection were also examined in vivo. The compounds from citronellal, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene effected a more than 40% inhibition rate for TMV infection, and the other compounds demonstrated moderate activities at 320 ${\mu}g/ml$ in vivo. There results indicate that the essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass, and the individual compound citronellal, have the potential to be used as an effective alternative for the treatment of tobacco plants infected with TMV under greenhouse conditions.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-344
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• 2019

In vertebrate reproductive system, estrogen receptor (ER) plays a pivotal role in mediation of estrogenic signaling pathways. In the present study, we report the cDNA cloning, expression analysis, and transcriptional activity of ERβ1 subtype from medaka Oryzias dancena. The deduced O. dancena ERβ1 (odERβ1; 519 amino acids) contained six characteristic A/B to E/F domains with very short activation function 2 region (called AF2). A phylogenetic analysis indicated that odERβ1 was highly conserved among teleost ERβ1 subgroup. A conventional RT-PCR revealed that the odERβ1 transcripts were widely distributed in the multiple tissues, the ovary, brain, gill, intestine, kidney, and muscle. Further, the relatively higher odERβ1 expressions in the ovary and brain were clearly reproduced in RT-qPCR assay. When HA-fused odERβ1 expression vector was transfected into HEK293 cells, an immunoreactivity for odERβ1 was mainly detected in the nucleus part. Finally, an estrogen responsive element driven luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of odERβ1 significantly increased by estradiol-17β (E2) in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). However, fold-activation of odERβ1 in the presence of E2 was markedly weak, when it compared with those of O. latipes ERβ1. Taken together, these data suggest that odERβ1 represents a functional variant of teleost ERβ subtype and provides a basic tool allowing future studies examining the function of F domain of ERβ1 subtype and expanding our knowledge of ERβ evolution.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

The purpose of this report is recommending a standard indicator which reflects the radiation exposure that is incident on a detector after every exposure event and that reflects the noise levels present in the image data. The experiment was performed with mobile digital X-ray unit and used a acrylic phantom for exposure index measurement. Exposure modality was kVp, mAs, SID. After every exposure, make a data sheet for characteristic curve of detector response. The equipment performed Mobile digital X-ray unit provide the user with values ralated to the incident exposure(air kerma)to the digital detector. They are showed as a logarithmic function shaped. As a result, DEI means a relative measure of exposure to the detector, as compared to the expected exposure for a particular anatomical view. Radiographic technique is the combination of factors used to exposure an anatomical part to produce a high quality radiography and technique charts used most commonly by radiographers to produce consistently exposure level which patient dose can be kept acceptably low.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.96-99
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• 2010

Artificial lung support may be necessary in various conditions during the performance of bilateral lung transplantation, and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has usually been used. Yet using the conventional CPB techniques may increase risk of bleeding and early allograft dysfunction due to the large dosages of heparin and the complement activation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is able to support gas exchange and maintain the hemodynamics without administering high-dose heparin for anticoagulation. We performed sequential bilateral lung transplantation with ECMO support. ECMO is a valuable tool when performing lung transplantation and it has the potential to replace CPB.