• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.483-488
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• 2015

This report describes the molecular characterization of the Tc8.2 gene of Trypanosoma cruzi. Both the Tc8.2 gene and its encoded protein were analyzed by bioinformatics, while Northern blot and RT-PCR were used for the transcripts. Besides, immunolocalization of recombinant protein was done by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Analysis indicated the presence of a single copy of Tc8.2 in the T. cruzi genome and 2-different sized transcripts in epimastigotes/amastigotes and trypomastigotes. Immunoblotting showed 70 and 80 kDa polypeptides in epimastigotes and trypomastigotes, respectively, and a differential pattern of immunolocalization. Overall, the results suggest that Tc8.2 is differentially expressed during the T. cruzi life cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2005

A single slab in which one Ni(001) atom layer embedded between two of four Rh layers is considered to examine the oscillation of magnetic moment in each layer. The all electron total-energy full-potential linearized augmented plane wave(FLAPW) method was used to calculate the spin densities, magnetic moments, density of states(DOS), and the number of electrons within each muffin-tin(MT) sphere. The magnetic moment of the center layer Ni(C) in the system of 4Rh/Ni/4Rh is calculated to be 0.34${\mu}_B$, which is 40% have magnetic moment at the interface layers by strong band hybridization with Ni(C) when Ni(001) monolayers is inserted, and the magnetic moment shows a damped oscillation as we go from center Ni(C) layer to the surface Rh(S). From the calculated density of states, it is found that the Fermi level shifts inside the energy band of the Ni(C) in affection of Rh(001).

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.466-468
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• 2012

Amorphous InGaZnO (${\alpha}$-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are are very promising due to their potential use in thin film electronics and display drivers [1]. However, the stability of AOS-TFTs under the various stresses has been issued for the practical AOSs applications [2]. Up to now, many researchers have studied to understand the sub-gap density of states (DOS) as the root cause of instability [3]. Nomura et al. reported that these deep defects are located in the surface layer of the ${\alpha}$-IGZO channel [4]. Also, Kim et al. reported that the interfacial traps can be affected by different RF-power during RF magnetron sputtering process [5]. It is well known that these trap states can influence on the performances and stabilities of ${\alpha}$-IGZO TFTs. Nevertheless, it has not been reported how these defect states are created during conventional RF magnetron sputtering. In general, during conventional RF magnetron sputtering process, negative oxygen ions (NOI) can be generated by electron attachment in oxygen atom near target surface and accelerated up to few hundreds eV by self-bias of RF magnetron sputter; the high energy bombardment of NOIs generates bulk defects in oxide thin films [6-10] and can change the defect states of ${\alpha}$-IGZO thin film. In this paper, we have confirmed that the NOIs accelerated by the self-bias were one of the dominant causes of instability in ${\alpha}$-IGZO TFTs when the channel layer was deposited by conventional RF magnetron sputtering system. Finally, we will introduce our novel technology named as Magnetic Field Shielded Sputtering (MFSS) process [9-10] to eliminate the NOI bombardment effects and present how much to be improved the instability of ${\alpha}$-IGZO TFTs by this new deposition method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 2005

A rapid, sensitive and selective tandem mass spectrometric method (LC-MS/MS) for the quantitation of nicorandil in human plasma was developed. A bioavailability study of Sigmat tablet (5 mg nicorandil, Choongwae Co.) was per-formed using the validated LC-MS/MS method. The dose of 5 fig of nicorandil (1 tablet) was orally administered to 9 healthy Korean subjects. After administration, blood was taken at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hour. The validation data were as follows; the standard curve was linear ($r^2$=0.999) over the concentration range of $0.5\~200.0 ng/ml$. The coefficient of variation for intra- and inter-day assay were $3.55\~7.44$, and $2.17\~9.102\%$, respectively. The lower limit of quantification for nicorandil was 0.5 ng/ml. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained were as follows; $AUC_t$ was 145.9$\pm$83.0 ng-hr/ml, Cmax was 83.8$\pm$32.2 ng/ml, $C_{max}$ was 0.42$\pm$0.13 hr, $K_e$ was 0.56$\pm$0.23 l/hr, and $t_{l/2}$ was 1.42$\pm$0.52 hr. Based on the validated analytical method and pharmacokinetic parameters, a standard guideline of the bioavailability test of nicorandil dos-age forms was prepared successfully and could be used for the bioequivalence test of nicorandil preparation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.569-575
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• 2015

The current Total Pollution Load Control (TPLC) sets the Target Water Quality (TWQ) by utilizing the delivery ratio, unit loads, and water quality modeling, it also allocates the watershed's permitted discharge load. Currently, common target pollutants of every unit watershed in TPLC are BOD and T-P. This study has reviewed the 1th and 2th of TWQ setting process for the Nakdong River 3th TWQ setting in Total Pollution Load Control (TPLC). As a result of review, 1th and 2th were divided into one management basin (mulgeum) for setting management goals. However, 3th was divided into six management basins (mulgeum, gnagjeong, geumho river, nam river, miryang river, end of nakdong river). The principle of management goal setting were to achieve the objective criteria of Medium Areas for the linkage of the water environment management policy. And Anti-Degredation (principle of preventing deterioration) were applied to the 3th TWQ. Also, additional indicators were considered in accordance with the reduction scenarios for the final management goals.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.14 no.3 s.62
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• pp.157-164
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• 2007

An electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) instrument attached on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) becomes a powerful and analytical tool for extracting the noble information of materials using the enhancement of TEM images, elemental analysis, elemental or chemical mapping images, electron energy loss near edge structure (ELNES), and extended energy-loss fine structure (EXELFS). In this review, the principle and applications of EELS which is widely used in material, life, and electronic sciences were introduced.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

With the rapid increase in the number of mobile terminals, demand for wireless technologies has sharply increased these days. While wireless communication provides advantages such as ease of deployment, mobility of terminals, continuity of session, and almost comparable transmission bandwidth to the wired communication, it has vulnerability to malicious radio attacks such as eavesdropping, denial of service, session hijacking, and jamming. Among a variety of methods of preventing wireless attacks, the MTD(Moving Target Defense) is the technique for improving the security capability of the defense system by constantly changing the ability of the system to be attacked. In this paper, in order to develop a resilient software defined radio communication testbed system, we present a novel MTD approach to change dynamically and randomly the radio parameters such as modulation scheme, operating frequency, packet size. The probability of successful attack on the developed MTD-based SDR communication system has been analysed in a mathematical way and verified through simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.685-691
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• 1995

EHMACC and EHPC programs written in VAX version to calculate the tight-binding extended Huckel method is converted into the micro-soft fortran available to PC. The band calculation of LaNiO3 unit cell and extended ($2{\times}2{\times}1$) cell with perovskite structure is made by the PC/386 and PC/486. The calculation is also made for the DOS and the COOP. It is supposed that the electronic property of $LaNiO_3$ is semiconductor along to the ${\Gamma}{\rightarrow}H,\;H{\rightarrow}N,\;and\;N{\rightarrow}{\Gamma}(2D)$ direction with band gap about 0u.35 eV, while metal property in ${\Gamma}{\rightarrow}P\;and\;P{\rightarrow}N(3D)$ direction. The oxygen atom property in $LaNiO_3$ is more effectively affected by oxygen atom position than defect of nickel atom.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

IBM이 16비트 PC를 처음 선보인 81년 이후 오늘에 이르기까지 10여년간의 운영체제(0S) 시장은 마이크로소프트(MS)사의 독주시대로 요약할 수 있다. 그러나 지금까지 이렇다 할 변화를 보이지 않던 OS제품은 90년대에 들어서면서 커다란 변화의 조짐에 횝싸이고 있다. 그동안 8086, 80286등의 마이크로프로세서를 탑재한 16비트 PC시장이 80386,80486등을 탑재한 32비트 시장으로 급변하기 시작했고 종전 데스크탑 일변도의 PC시장은 랩톱,노트북형 등의 휴대형컴퓨터와 펜컴퓨터,멀티미디어 등의 차세대 제품등으로 세분화되기 시작한 것이다. 또 32비트 시대가 다가오면서 한사람이 한 대의 PC로 일을 하는 종전 PC운용환경은 넷워킹과 멀티테스킹이 강조되는 다중작업 환경으로 전환되고 있으며 윈도즈(Windows) 3.0의 대히트로 IBM PC에서도 GUI(그래픽 사용자인터페이스) 환경을 요구, 이를 위한 새로운 05의 등장이 불가피해지고 있다. 게다가 지금까지 메인프레임을 중심으로 한 중앙집중방식의 컴퓨터환경이 다운사이징화 되면서 넷워크 환경을 기반으로 한 PC의 역할이 크게 강조, 이를 위한 운영체제 또한 새로운 영역으로 대두되고 있다. 불과 1∼2년 사이에 급진전되고 있는 이같은 변화의 물결은 필연적으로 다양한 운영체제의 개발을 가져왔고 이를 통해 차세대 PC시장을 주도하기 위한 업계의 패권다툼은 전쟁을 방불케할 만큼 치열해지고 있다. MS사의 전유물이었던 DOS 영역에서는 최근 노벨사와의 합병으로 전열을 가 다듬은 디지틀리서치사가 가세, 한판승부를 선언하고 나섰으며 고성능 PC시대의 패권을 잡기 위해 10년지기였던 IBM과 MS사는 각각 OS/2와 윈도즈를 내세우고 양보할 수 없는 힘겨루기에 들어갔다. 또 이들 양사는 펜컴퓨터,멀티미디어등 차세대제품의 운영체제 시장을 둘러싸고 일찍부터 격전에 들어갔으며 IBM과 MS사의 혼전을 틈타 썬마이크로시스템을 필두로한 워크스테이션 업체 및 유닉스진영까지 고성능 PC시장을 겨냥한 OS를 속속 개발, 90년대의 OS 전쟁은 한치 앞을 내다볼 수 없는 안개국면으로 접어들고 있다. DOS에서 32비트시대,펜컴퓨터, 멀티미디어에 이르는 차세대제품을 둘러싼 업계의 OS 쟁탈전을 통해 OS의 발전동향과 미래를 전망해 본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.241-243
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• 2016

In the Past, Trend of car security was Physical Something like doorlock system, and The Generation did not have skills connecting External devices. Through Car Development is up, that trend of car security Changed Physical Security to Intelligence Security. This Changes give a chance to hackers to attack this system. This System use CAN(Controller Area Network) Protocol which have three vulnerabilities. First, ID Spoofing, Twice, D - Dos Attack, Third, Android Application Injected Modern cars have many ECU(Electronic Control Unit) to control devices like Engine ON/OFF, Door Lock Handling, and Controlling Handle. Because CAN Protocol spread signal using broadcast, Hackers can get the signal very easily, and Those often use Mobile devices like Android or IOS to attack this system. if bluetooth signal is spread wide, hackers get the signal, and analysis the bluetooth data, so then They makes certain data to attack ECU, they send the data to ECU, and control ECU installed car. so I suggest that I will prevent this attack to make Auth system and prevent this attack in end of Android.