• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.121-124
• /
• 2014

7년령의 암컷 진도견이 뒷다리 파행을 주증으로 내원하였다. 신체검사상에서 대퇴관절의 신전시 염발음과 통증을 보였고 방사선 검사상에서 양측 대퇴 관절 이형성증에 의한 퇴행성 관절염과 오른쪽 부위의 전측 대퇴 탈구를 보여 주었다. 오른쪽 관절의 탈구의 치료를 위해 인공 대퇴 관절 전치환 술을 실시하였다. 수술 중 오른쪽 등쪽 관절절구의 결손으로 인한 인공 관절절구 컵의 탈구의 위험성을 확인하고 등쪽 관절절구의 결손을 잠김 금속판과 골시멘트를 이용하여 보강하였다. 수술 후 환자는 성공적인 결과를 보여주었다. 또한 오른쪽 대퇴관절의 관절 운동 범위과 근육량이 개선 되었다. 등쪽 관골절구 결손을 가진 대퇴 관절 탈구에서 잠김 금속판과 골시멘트 이용하여 인공 대퇴관절 전치환술을 성공적으로 실시하였다. 본 증례와 같은 수술 기법이 등쪽 관골절구 결손이 있을 시 사용될 수 있다고 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.407-411
• /
• 1996

Stereotactic radiofrequency dorsal root ganglionotomy can be very useful procedures for the treatment of pain emanating from the lumbar segmental nerves. This procedure is reserved for patients who have failed conservative interventional treatments and in whom open surgical intervention is not an option. The advantages of the radiofrequency lesion method are presented, excellent control of the lesion process using temperature monitoring to quantify the lesion size, prevent boiling, and to produce differential destruction of neural tissue. The afferent fibers in the ventral root which are spared by dorsal rhizotomy but nerve fibers with their cells in the ganglion from either dorsal or ventral root can be destructed with stereotactic radiofrequency ganglionotomy. This technique is performed using a 100 mm cannula with a 5 mm active tip. Repeated lateral fluoroscopic view should be taken to make sure that cannlua still resides within the superior, dorsal quadrant or the foramen. With the cannula in this position, electrostimulation is performed and good paresthesia on the leg should be noted with 0.3 and 0.5 volt at 50 Hz stimulation. At 2Hz stimulation distinct dissociation between motor and sensory should be shown. Percutaneous lumbar ganglionotomy have carried out under local anesthesia on inpatient basis in 6 patients. A series of 5 patients with metastatic cancer pain and a patient with compression fracture have been relieved of pain without serious complications.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2005

In this study, we examined the morphine-induced modulation of the nociceptive spinal dorsal horn neuronal activities before and after formalin-induced inflammatory pain. Intradermal injection of formalin induced time-dependent changes in the spontaneous activity of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons. In naive cats before the injection of formalin, iontophoretically applied morphine attenuated the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. However, neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation were significantly increased by morphine. Bicuculline, $GABA_A$ antagonist, increased the naturally and electrically evoked neuronal responses of dorsal horn neurons. This increase in neuronal responses due to bicuculline after the formalin-induced inflammation was larger than that in the naive state, suggesting that basal $GABA_A$ tone increased after the formalin injection. Muscimol, $GABA_A$ agonist, reduced the neuronal responses before the treatment with formalin, but not after formalin treatment, again indicating an increase in the GABAergic basal tone after the formalin injection which saturated the neuronal responses to GABA agonist. Morphine-induced increase in the spinal nociceptive responses after formalin treatment was inhibited by co-application of muscimol. These data suggest that formalin-induced inflammation increases $GABA_A$ basal tone and the inhibition of this augmented $GABA_A$ basal tone by morphine results in a paradoxical morphineinduced increase in the spinal nociceptive neuronal responses after the formalin-induced inflammation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.249-255
• /
• 2006

Objective : This study is to evaluate the efficacy of dorsal short-segment fixation in unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures. Methods : The cases of 20 patients who underwent dorsal short-segment fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical outcomes were analysed using Sonntag's pain level, work status, and neurological scale according to the modified Frankel classification. Radiological outcomes were analysed using Mumford's anterior body compression[%], canal compromise ratio, and Cobb's kyphotic angle. Results : At the latest clinical follow-up [average=14.6 months]. there were 19 [95.0%] in group I and 1 patient [5.0%] in II in pain level. The postoperative work status were 17 [85.0%] in group I, 2 patients [10.0%] in II, and 1 patient [5.0%] in V. Surgery brought to improve the neurologic status. In success group [19 cases, 95%], the average canal compromise ratio was reduced from 0.57 [${\pm}0.07$] to 0.05 [${\pm}0.08$] [P<005], the average anterior body compression [%] was reduced from 41% [${\pm}17$] to 18% [${\pm}14$] [P<0.05], and the average preoperative kyphotic angle was $20.0^{\circ}$ [${\pm}9.0$], and corrected to $5.7^{\circ}$ [${\pm}7.1$] postoperatively, and progressed to $7.8^{\circ}$ [${\pm}6.2$] at the latest follow-up. There was a case of implantation failure in an elderly osteoporotic patient. Conclusion : Although there are limitations in the patient number and follow-up period, the present study favors dorsal short-segment fixation for selective cases in unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.545-558
• /
• 2000

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of low power GaAsAl laser on Fos expression in the spinal cord induced by noxious mechanical stimulation. Noxious mechanical stimulation was applied to the right hind paw following 30min of low power laser treatment using different intensity and treatment point and the resulting Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn was compared to that obtained in rats exposed only to the noxious mechanical stimulation. The results were summarized as follows: 1. In intact control rats, only a few Fos like immunoreactive(Fos-IR) neurons were evident in the lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. Similarly, following prolonged inhalation anesthesia, Fos-IR neurons were absent in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. In animals treated with noxious mechanical stimulation, neurons with nuclei exhibiting Fos immunostaining were distributied mainly in the medial half of ipsilateral laminae I-V at lumbar segments L3-5. These findings directly indicated that prolonged anesthesia used in this study did not affect the Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn of intact animals and noxious mechanical stimulation treated animals. 2. In acupoint treated animals, 10mW of laser stimulation, not 3mW intensity, significantly reduced the number of Fos immunoreactive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn induced by noxious mechanical stimulation(P<.01). However, the supressive effect of low power laser stimulatin was not observed in 3m Wand 10m W of laser stimulation into non-acupoint. These data indicate that 10mW of low power laser stimulation into acupoint is capable of inhibiting the expression of Fos in the dorsal horn induced by noxious mechanical stimulation. In conclusion, these findings raise the possibility that low power laser stimulation into acupoint may be a promising alternative medicine therapy for the mechanical stimulation induced pain in the clinical field.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 1987

This study was aimed to investigate whether the conduction velocity of nerve impulses through the ventral afferent fibers is constant along their entire courses in dorsal as well as in ventral roots. Cats were anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and artificially ventilated. Laminectomies were done on L4-S1 spinal vertebrae to expose the lumbosacral spiral cord. Both ventral and dorsal roots of L7 or S1 spinal segments were isolated and cut near the spinal cord. Ventral roots were placed on 6-lead stimulating electrodes and stimulated with supra C-threshold intensity. Divided dorsal root fascicles were placed on bipolar recording electrodes and single fiber units activated by the stimulation of the ventral roots were identified. Followings are the results obtained: 1) A total of 27 VRA units were identified. 10 units of them conducted impulses slower than 2 m/sec. Conduction velocities of the remaining units were in the range of 3.11-20.91 m/sec. 2) In 12 Units conduction velocities Of the VRA units through dorsal$(CV_{DR})$ and venral root$(CV_{DR})$ were determined respectively. There was a tendency to conduct impulses faster through dorsal roots$(CV_{DR}=8.19{\pm}3.26\;m/sec)$ than ventral roots$(CV_{DR}=3.46{\pm}1.02\;m/sec)$. From the above results we confirmed that there exist nerve fibers in continuity between the spinal ventral and dorsal roots but we could not ascertain whether there is a change in conduction velocity through the entire course of ventral afferent unit.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study evaluates MCP-1 expression in the dorsal horn of a rat model of lumbar disc herniation by an autograft of the nucleus pulposus to the spinal nerve. Methods: After a coccygeal nucleus pulposus graft to the left $5^{th}$ lumbar spinal nerve, proximal to dorsal root ganglion, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed 1 day before surgery, and 1, 10, 20, 30 days after surgery. The mRNA of MCP-1 in the dorsal horn was assessed by real time PCR to compare the temporal pattern of neuropathic pain of the lumbar disc herniation model. Results: In the ipsilateral side of the lumbar disc herniation models, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia reached a maximum at 10 days after surgery with significant difference from the control group. Pain was also provoked in the contralateral side of the lumbar disc herniation models with less intensity than the ipsilateral side. The level of MCP-1 mRNA expression in the dorsal horn reached a peak at 20 days after surgery. Conclusion: Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia was induced by nucleus pulposus in a rat lumbar disc herniation model, similar to a previously reported peripheral nerve injury model. The level of MCP-1 expression was higher in the dorsal horn of the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. These results suggest that MCP-1 might play a role in the maintenance of neuropathic pain.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2000

To study the effects of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on oxygen free radical-mediated damage by hydrogen peroxide $(H_{2}O_{2})$ on cultured spinal sensory neurons, in vitro assays such as MTT assay, NR assay, neurofilament enzymeimmuno assay (EIA), sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and assay for lipid peroxidation were used in cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons derived from mice, Spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons were cultured in media containing various concentrations of $H_{2}O_{2}$ for 5 hours, after which the neurotoxic effect of $H_{2}O_{2}$ was measured by in vitro assay. The protective effect of the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity was also examined. The results are as follows. 1. In NR assay and MTT assay, $H_{2}O_{2}$ significantly decreased the cell viability of cultured mouse spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons according to exposure concentration in these cultures. An additional time course study was done on these cultures. 2. Cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons which were exposed to various concentrations of $H_{2}O_{2}$ showed a quantitative decrease of neuronal cells by EIA and of total protein by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, while they showed an increase of both lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. 3. The effect of Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU) on $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced neurotoxicity showed a quantitative increase in both neurofilament and total protein, but showed a decrease of lipid peroxidation and LDH activity. These results suggest that $H_{2}O_{2}$ has a neurotoxic effect on cultured spinal dorsal root ganglion neurons from mice and that the herb extract, Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (REUU), was very effective in protecting $H_{2}O_{2}$ induced neurotoxicity by decreasing lipid peroxidation and LDH activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.749-752
• /
• 2005

We investigated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of cyclooxygenase in the spinal cord of acute inflammatory pain model. Inflammation was induced by an intraplantar injection of 1% carrageenan into the right hind paw of Sprague-Dawley. Bilateral 2 Hz EA stimulation with 0.5 mA, 1 mA and 3 mA were delivered at those acupoints corresponding to Zusanli and Sanyinjiao in man via the needles in carrageenan-injected rats. Three hours after carrageenan injection, effects of EA on cyclooxygenase (COX) expression were observed in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord using immunohistochemical method. The immunoreaction of COX-1 tended to increase in the superficial laminae and the neck of the dorsal horn as compared with normal. The COX-2 immunoreaction in the carrageenan-injected rat was also significantly increased in the all regions of the dorsal horn as compared with normal one. However, COX-1 immunoreaction in carrageenan-injected rat were decreased in the superficial laminae and neck of the dorsal horn by low intensity of EA stimulation. Except high intensity of EA stimulation in the superficial laminae, COX-2 expression was attenuated in all regions of the dorsal horn by all types of EA treatment. It is concluded that EA treatment may attenuate inflammatory pain in carrageenan-injected rat through modulating expression of COX-2 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.362-367
• /
• 2015

We followed the development of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii larvae after natural hatching in Korean coastal waters off Dadaepo, where the water temperature was $9^{\circ}C$. Twenty days after hatching, the larvae had (i) reached a total length (TL) of 10.8-12.2 mm, (ii) developed 9-11 dorsal fin rays, and (iii) branched melanophores along the dorsal line of the gut in the anterior half of the body and along the posterior half of the dorsal and ventral line. Thirty days after hatching, the larvae had reached 12.2-13.5 mm TL, and the number of dorsal fin rays had increased to 13-14. Thirty-five days days after hatching, the larvae had reached 14.0-14.7 mm TL, and the posterior ends of their notochords had begun to flex upward. Forty-five days days after hatching, the larvae had (i) reached 15.6-15.9 mm TL, (ii) a complete set of dorsal fin rays (15-16), (iii) 12-13 anal fin rays, and (iv) branched melanophores along the dorsal part of the lateral surfaces of the head behind the caudal terminus. Preflexion, flexion and postflexion stage larvae had TL values of 13.5 mm, 14.0-15.3 mm, and 15.6-15.9 mm, respectively.