• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2020

Since China opened its door to the world in 1978, its economic development had been concentrated in the Eastern and Western area compared with the middle area. From 2000s, the Chinese government started to develop the middle area in terms of balanced development. With this goal, "Plan on Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone", and "One Belt and One Road" has implemented in Zhengzhou, where is the an important traffic center in middle area. Meanwhile, the foreign trade of Zhengzhou has been increased about 10 times between 2009 and 2018. In particular, its growth is the fastest among six central cities in 2018 from the lowest in 2009. This study investigates whether the Chinese government policy has an effect on the foreign trade of Zhengzhou. We find that based on the regression analysis of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the government policies has a positive impact on the development of Zhengzhou's foreign trade. It is meaningful that the government policy focused on the advantage of Zhengzhou contributes its development of foreign trade.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2020

The study analyzes the appropriate number of people per a household by applying an evacuation simulation to a 27-floor apartment in accordance with the NFPA 101 standard. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, if there are three people residing in each household, there would be 156 households in total, of which 85.25% were evacuated within 5 minutes. Second, 208 households with 4 residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Third, if there are five people residing in each household, there would be a total of 260 households and 71.92% of residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Lastly, 62.82% of the 312 households, each consisting of 6 people, were evacuated within 5 minutes. Measures to reduce evacuation time include determining the width of the stairs according to the number of people indoors, the number of floors in the building, the slope of stairs, and the users' characteristics, the design reflecting the ventilation conditions of the stairs, the installment of outdoor evacuation stairs, two-way stairs, evacuation lift, and the installation of an evacuation safety zone for people to evacuate outside of the building in the middle floors. In addition, measures, such as the mandatory installation of automatic emergency door open-close device to the rooftop, are required to facilitate rooftop evacuation.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-41
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• 1996

In the situation of rapid industrialization based on the lopsided development of economy since 1960, Korean rural society has faced a crisis of disruption. As a result, the civilian government has tried a few actions to change the circumstance. However, it is said that the coral polices were not satisfactory. Those who were concerned with the rural problems of these days argue that it is necessary to adopt new policies and further to change the policymakers` philosophies concerning the matter. The arguments are certainly based on the beliefs that the sound policies come from the sound philosophies. This study aims to analyze the existing rural polices and their policymakers` philosophies and to design of a new paradigm. For the purpose, this study was set there specific objectives: First, to overview the moor points of Quantitative Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and the Social Justice Theory of John Rawls, the contrasting frameworks of the moral philosophies; Second, to trace the major or trade of the rural policies since 1960s in Korea; Third, to analyze the policymakers` philosophies reflected on the rural policies; Fourth, to design a new paradigm of the rural policies. This study mainly adopted descriptive method based on the various source of government and non-government statistics, white papers and other researches. The major findings of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. The historical epochs of the rural policies in Korea was divided into the periods: (1) An organizational and institutional establishment for self-reliance of main crops and the New Village Movement $(1969{\sim}70)$; (2) An initiation of `open-door` policies to the foreign farm products $(1970{\sim}80)$; (3) Completion of the UR meetings and the recommendations of the Rural and Fishery Development Commission (1980-present). 2. It was found that the philosophical foundations of coral policies were directly reflected from the utilitarianism of the national development. Under the philosophy it was the modem sector of economy that was to spearhead the national development, and the rural sector was situated to the peripheral position and hardly in the spot-light. Therefore, it may be said that the present situation of the rural society was largely rooted in the model of economic development. 3. As a new direction of the coral policies, many studies were focussing on the NTC (non-trade concerns) functions of agriculture for the present and future society. The researchers argue that the cost of protecting and supporting agriculture and rural society may be higher than that of the burden which the nation should be bear in the case of failure of agriculture. Although it tray be true, however, it should be noted that the argument is another type of utilitarianism which prevailed in the past. As a philosophy of rural policies, utilitarianism is straight forward and persuasive, however, it has also limitations in terms of relativism in broad sense or social justice in specific manna. 4. This study suggests to set the philosophical foundations of rural policies on the basis of Rawl`s Theory of Justice mentioned earlier. It emphasizes the inviolability of social justice which was neglected for the national benefits timing the period of development dictatorship in 1960s and 1970s. The principles of social justice for coral people were identified as twofold; (1) The principle of the t equal liberty; (2) (a) Difference principle, (b) The principle of fair equality of opportunity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

An analytical methodology based on solid-space extraction (SPE) with with Bond Elut Certify cartridge (Varian, 130 mg) has been developed for the qualification and quantitation of strychnine in blood. After the elution layer was evaporated, the residue was reconstituted with methanol for GC/MS. Internal standard was used 10 mg/l dextromethorphan. Strychnine is a potent central nervous stimulant and convulsant, and an alkaloid found in seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. It was used therapeutically to improve circulation and muscle tone in oral or intramuscular doses of 0.05~8 mg. The fatal dose of strychnine for humans is 50~100 mg. A man was found dead lying curled up the corner of the large room in a roof house after the fire fighter opened a locked door inside to put out the fire. The postmortem blood and gastric contents were analyzed for toxicological testing. Strychnine and brucine were detected using GC/MS first in gastric contents extracts. The contents of strychnine was 0.083 mg/l in heart blood, 0.088 mg/l in peripheral blood and 4.0 mg/kg in gastric contents, respectively. Method validation was carried out in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision (intraday, interday) in blood. The assay is linear over 0.05~10 mg/l ($r^2$=0.999). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) in blood were determined 0.02 mg/l (S/N=3) and 0.07 mg/l (S/N=10), respectively. Accuracy (bias%) of strychnine with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l was 12.0% (n=6), 9.3% (n=6) and 6.9% (n=6), respectively. Intraday precision (CV%) of strychnine with, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l were 6.4%, 10.4%, 1.2% (n=6), respectively. Interday precision (CV%) of strychnine with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l over three days were 24.0%, 18.5%, 13.8% (n=18), respectively. Relative recovery with 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l (in blood) were 114.9%, 99.3% and 87.4% (n=6), respectively. The described method can be applied in forensic toxicology to determine strychnine in blood samples.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2008

This paper is the output of a collaborative European project concerning the barrier free accessibility for disabled persons to regional and long distance trains in Europe. Disabled people represent around 13% of the population in Europe. This is approximately 63 million people. The range of disabilities includes people with reduced mobility including wheel chair users, viewing and hearing impaired people and other forms of impairment. Improving accessibility aims at contributing to the provision of public transport services to all citizens in an equitable way. The purpose of the project was to analyse and to evaluate the existing solutions at selected European railways for all required modules at the entrance (doors, information and safety solutions), to derive a design concept, to develop a mock-up in meeting the needs of rail travellers with the above mentioned impairments and to test it with user groups. The project also aims at deriving components for the determination of standards. The EUPAX Design Mock-up test was performed to verify the advantages of the layout of the train segment including the different modules such as access area (including the access door, gaps between platform and train as well as boarding aid devices), entrance vestibule, information systems inside and outside the train, emergency facilities, toilet with all conveniences and the additional test arrangements regarding push buttons, steps and emergency equipment. For this purpose a questionnaire was developed for the assessment of the EUPAX segment and the additional test arrangements. With the help of this questionnaire it was possible to execute a quantitative and qualitative evaluation. During three test phases 67 experts and handicapped persons from 6 countries have evaluated the Industrial Design mock-up based on this questionnaire. The test group covered persons from North (Denmark) to the South (Italy) and from the West (Spain) to the Middle of Europe (Germany). This is especially important for the generalization (harmonisation) of the results for all European countries. According to COST 335 the information for people with reduced mobility should be clear, concise, accurate and timely. So that all information can be received from persons, they must be transferred on at least two of the three possible ways (acoustical, visual, tactile), a so called "2-sense-principle". Based on the results ergonomic specifications/ solutions for the ergonomic design of the access area, the acoustic, visual and tactile information and the emergency devices including the emergency communication system were developed, related to the benefiting passenger groups.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.77-93
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between perceived father's rearing attitude and leisure satisfaction/leisure constraint in junior high school students. A survey was conducted using a convenient sample drawn from 448 students from eleven junior high school in Seoul area. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. The results showed that students who perceived their father's rearing attitude as affection-rational explanation performed more of out-door leisure activity with their family. Perceived father's rearing attitude and self-efficacy was positively related with leisure satisfaction but negatively related with leisure constraint. In addition, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between perceived father's rearing attitude and leisure satisfaction/leisure constraint. These results suggest the leisure activity could be increased by father's rearing attitude through improving self-efficacy. Therefore, to improve the leisure activity through increase of leisure satisfaction and decrease of leisure constraint, father should raise their children in love and help to grow their self-efficacy.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.847-857
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• 2020

As IoT equipment is commercialized, Bluetooth or wireless networks will be built into general living devices such as IP cameras, door locks, cars and TVs. Security for IoT equipment is becoming more important because IoT equipment shares a lot of information through the network and collects personal information and operates the system. In addition, web-based attacks and application attacks currently account for a significant portion of cyber threats, and security experts are analyzing the vulnerabilities of cyber attacks through manual analysis to secure them. However, since it is virtually impossible to analyze vulnerabilities with only manual analysis, researchers studying system security are currently working on automated vulnerability detection systems, and Firm-AFL, published recently in USENIX, proposed a system by conducting a study on fuzzing processing speed and efficiency using a coverage-based fuzzer. However, the existing tools were focused on the fuzzing processing speed of the firmware, and as a result, they did not find any vulnerability in various paths. In this paper, we propose IoTFirmFuzz, which finds more paths, resolves constraints, and discovers more crashes by strengthening the mutation process to find vulnerabilities in various paths not found in existing tools.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.112-119
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• 2010

This study aims at interpreting Korean Rural Landscape by applying the analytical tool thus developed to the lifestyles of ordinary people found in their permanent dwellings both before and after Korea first opened its door to the world in 1896. By so doing, this study hopes to contribute to building a framework with which to understand the tradition of ordinary people by exploring the uniqueness and basic characteristics of Korean Rural Landscape. This study relies primarily on field studies and publications including, without limitation, the televised documentaries, as well as newspapers and scholastic writings and relating to, the agrarian and residential landscapes changed over time. In the Vernacular world, the present does not passively inherit the past. Rather, it is re-born each time, reflecting the society and history of the period. It does not change, but is shaped by the necessities of the period. This may be the reason why there are different Korean Rural Landscapes over a rather short period of time. For instance, the pre-modern Korean Rural Landscape tends to be shaped almost entirely by the nature, while the intention of people begins to find much more expressions in the modern Korean Rural Landscape. As the commodities become more readily available to people thanks to industrialization, such ready availability has brought about changes in the materials used in, as well as functions of, Rural Landscape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.195-216
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• 2005

This study concerns especially Choryang-Weagwan which was the largest Japanese House left in Pusan through Chosun Dynasty.Choryang-Waegwan was known to have been jointly constructed by Korean and Japanese carpenters. Therefore, Weagwan was a place for exchange of architectural tradition (special features such as sliding door and straw mat) between Korean and Japan. Judging from this point of view, It is certain that mutual influences helped to shape architecture of Choryang-Weagwan. After establishment Choryang-Weagwan was gradually extended, owing to the prosperity of trade with Japan. But since late 18th century government of Chosun did not give as much care to maintaining Choryang-Weagwan as a result of deteriorating condition of commercial and diplomatic relations with Japan. From the beginning of Choryang-Weagwan construction, Superintendents of the construction were called Hun-do and Byl-cha, who acted as official interpreters as well. And, during construction works, they were called Gamdong-gwan. At the start of construction, Weagwan was built partly in Japanese-style by the carpenters from Tokugawa Shogunate. But as time passed, the participation rate of Japanese carpenters diminished gradually. After 1831, Japanese technician vanished extremely and repairing construction was continued by the Korean

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2014

The energy loss can be divided into the loss caused by heat transfer and the loss caused by air flow. Heat transfer is the loss resulting from the heat transmittance of external wall, roof, and floor, and represents one of the most vulnerable elements of existing buildings. To prevent such loss, it is necessary to increase the mean heat transmittance of entire external wall, including the window, to a level above the standard regional value and ensure the air-tightness of window. The old buildings have the structure which is prone to the loss of greater air flow due to the air infiltration through the exit/entrance door upward along the stairway by the stack effect and simultaneous suction of air from each floor, and becomes even vulnerable to the loss of heat insulation for each floor, although the external wall and windows are the most vulnerable parts. The improvement plans for each floor need to be submitted in tandem with the diagnosis of whole building, regarding the diagnosis plan and energy improvement measures based on the survey of site, rather than adhering to the misconception that the replacement of window alone will result in energy-savings.