DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Analysis of the Appropriate Number of People Per Apartment Household According to NFPA 101

NFPA 101에 의한 아파트 한 세대당 적정 수용인원 분석

  • 조지은 (우석대학교 일반대학원 소방방재학과) ;
  • 공하성 (우석대학교 소방방재학과)
  • Received : 2020.09.28
  • Accepted : 2020.10.19
  • Published : 2020.11.30

Abstract

The study analyzes the appropriate number of people per a household by applying an evacuation simulation to a 27-floor apartment in accordance with the NFPA 101 standard. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, if there are three people residing in each household, there would be 156 households in total, of which 85.25% were evacuated within 5 minutes. Second, 208 households with 4 residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Third, if there are five people residing in each household, there would be a total of 260 households and 71.92% of residents were evacuated within 5 minutes. Lastly, 62.82% of the 312 households, each consisting of 6 people, were evacuated within 5 minutes. Measures to reduce evacuation time include determining the width of the stairs according to the number of people indoors, the number of floors in the building, the slope of stairs, and the users' characteristics, the design reflecting the ventilation conditions of the stairs, the installment of outdoor evacuation stairs, two-way stairs, evacuation lift, and the installation of an evacuation safety zone for people to evacuate outside of the building in the middle floors. In addition, measures, such as the mandatory installation of automatic emergency door open-close device to the rooftop, are required to facilitate rooftop evacuation.

이 연구는 NFPA 101기준에 의한 대상아파트인 27층 아파트에서 한 세대 당 적정 수용인원 수를 피난시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한 세대당 3명이 거주하는 경우 아파트 총 세대수는 156명이고 5분 이내에 대피인원을 확인 한 결과 85.25%가 대피한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한 세대당 4명이 거주하는 경우 아파트 총 세대수는 208명이고 5분 이내에 대피인원을 확인한 결과 81.25%가 대피한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한 세대당 5명이 거주하는 경우 아파트 총 세대수는 260명이고 5분 이내에 대피인원을 확인한 결과 71.92%가 대피한 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 한 세대당 6명이 거주하는 경우 아파트 총 세대수는 312명이고 5분 이내에 대피인원을 확인한 결과 62.82%가 대피한 것으로 나타났다. 피난시간의 단축방안으로 실내인원 수, 건물 층수, 계단 경사도, 사용자의 특성에 따른 계단 폭의 결정, 계단 환기조건을 반영한 설계, 옥외피난계단, 양방향 계단, 피난용 승강기, 층 중간에 건물외부로 대피할 수 있는 피난안전구역 등의 설치, 옥상에 비상문 자동개폐장치의 의무설치로 인한 옥상대피를 용이하게 하는 등의 방안이 필요하다.

Keywords

References

  1. Lee, So-Young, Lee, Myung-Sik, Fire Safety Awareness and Assessment of Alternate Escape Methods by Residents in Apartment Building, JOURNAL OF THE ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF KOREA Planning & Design 24(6), (2008), p.43.
  2. National Fire Data System (http://www.nfds.go.kr/stat/general.do)
  3. Kwon, Mi-Jin, Improvement Measures for the Fire-fighting Safety Management of Multi-family Housing: Focusing on the Apartment Houses with Less Than 15 Stories, ,Kyungil University, (2012), p.1.
  4. Hyun, Eun Mi, Ahn, Kwang Ho, Lee, Jae Eun, Kim, Yong Sik, Improvement of Standard by Analyzing Evacuation Plans of Domestic High-rise Buildings - Focused on Domestic and Foreign Buildings Laws and Case Analysis, KIEAE Journal 19(3), (2019), pp.53-62.
  5. Choi, Jun-Ho, Hong, Won-Hwa, Two-way Evacuation Modelling and Human Behaviour Analysis from a Full-scale High-rise Apartment Data-set, JOURNAL OF THE ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF KOREA Planning & Design 29(10), (2013), pp.233-240. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2013.29.10.233
  6. Kim, Hye-Jin, Lee, Soo-Ho, Kim, In-Han, Hong, Won-Hwa, A Study on the Evaluation Index through Weight Analysis of Fire and Egress Scenario Factors - Focused on High-rise Mixed-use Apartment, JOURNAL OF THE ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF KOREA Planning & Design 28(12), (2012), pp.371-378. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2012.28.12.371
  7. Kim, Won kook, Seo Dong Hyun, A Study on Egress Algorithm for High-rise Buildings Using Egress Simulation, Fire Science and Engineering., (2018), pp.33-39.
  8. Kim, Hye-Jin, Lee, Soo-Ho, Hong, Won-Hwa, Sensitivity Analysis on the Staircase Evacuation Time for Occupant Input Attributes of Evacuation Simulation Tools - Focused on SIMULEX, building EXODUS, Pathfinder ,JOURNAL OF THE ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF KOREA Planning & Design 29(11), (2013), pp.319-326. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_PD.2013.29.11.319
  9. Kim, Jung meyon, Park, Sung yong, Lim, Chang su, Yeon, Kyu seok, Kim, Yong seong, Improved Plan for Evacuation of Residents in Landslide-Prone Rural Area, Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers, (2017) pp.1-10.
  10. Kim, Jin-Su, Rie, Dong-Ho, A study of comparative of evacuation time by platform type according to the propagation speed of smoke in subway platform fire, Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 19(4), (2017), pp.577-588. https://doi.org/10.9711/KTAJ.2017.19.4.577
  11. Lee, Kyung Soon, Study of Correlation between Gait Velocity and Angle of Pelvic of Elderly Women, NEUROTHERAPY 17(1), (2013), pp.15-23.
  12. Liu Yue, Kim, Sun-Kuk, Kim, Ki-Hyuk, Lee, Dong-Hoon, Economic and Evacuation Time Analysis of Horizontally-installed Indoor Emergency Exit, J. Korea Inst. Build. Constr. 18(4), (2018), pp.363-373. https://doi.org/10.5345/JKIBC.2018.18.4.363
  13. Kong, Ha-Sung, Bae, Ik Su, Bak, Yeul-Sun, Jeun, Il Ryun, Choi, Young-Sang, Fire Science, Yesmedia, (2011), pp.1-33