• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.250-260
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• 2023

Background: Crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris, Poaceae) is a globally distributed weed, including in Afro-Eurasia, America, and Australia. As a highly gregarious plant, crabgrass is an important habitat for a diverse array of insects, and a potential habitat for agricultural pests. To compare the insect communities associated with the crabgrass community, insects were sampled using sweep sampling (100 sweeps per sample) at five sites, including Daejeon (Daejeon and Gap rivers), Anseong, Namhae, and Inje, with a focus on the Daejeon River. Results: A total of 5,888 individual insects belonging to eight orders, 42 families, and 115 species were collected from the five sites. Both the number of species and individuals of Hemiptera were the highest at all of the sites. In the present study, 73% of the insect population fed on D. ciliaris as a host plant. The dominant species in the D. ciliaris community was Laodelphax striatellus (Delphacidae), being ubiquitous at all the sites which showed a high abundance of rice pests in the communities and the suitability of D. ciliaris as an alternative host plant for them. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was highest in Inje on 17 September (2.88), and the Chao1-bc diversity index was highest in the Gap River on 5 September (80). The sampling efficiency of 100 sweep samples (sample coverage) was calculated to be as high as 90%. The results of the samples taken from September to November in the Daejeon River showed that the number of species and individuals decreased gradually over time, and the number of dominant species decreased sharply between September and October. Similarity analysis indicated that sampling dates that were closer together yielded sampled assemblages with higher faunal similarity. In addition, in each sampling, the difference in the minimum temperature during the two-week period prior to sampling and faunal similarities were negatively correlated. Conclusions: This study provides foundational data that could enhance our understanding of insect diversity in D. ciliaris. The data can facilitate ecological conservation and management of Korean grasslands generally, as well as identification of potential pests that may disperse from D. ciliaris communities to nearby farmland.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1957

According to know the botanical flora at the Bieyang Island, located in the frone of Jae-Ju-Island toward west and north, the plant list at the island wa investigated in July, 1955. According to the investigation, the following resume is summarized; 1. Bieyand Island is a small volcano that rose from the sea 942 years ago. Nakai Monosing, a Japanese botanist, had reported 72 species of plants on this island in 1913 indicating 22 residential houses at that time. 2. Resulting on the investigation this time, 184 species of plants are collected. This indicates that the additional 112 species of plants should be added to the number of species that Nakai found. 3. This increase of species of plants, might be caused possibly due to carrying by wind, tidal current, bird, and human, during this time being indicating increase of residential houses from 22 in 1913 to 40 in July 1955. 4. Most of the collected plants are sea-coast and meadow plants. Among them, 44 are thellophytes and 90 hemicreptophytes. This indicates dry climate of the island. 5. The most dominant among them is Imperata cylindrica var., Koenigii. 6. This island could be acceptable for growth of island wood plants, we believe.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1998

In order to clarify the seasonal composition and abundance of zooplankton commuuty In Macheon Bay. the study was carried out trimonthly during the period from April 1996 to January 1997. 1 species of Cnidana. 1 species of Annelida, 2 Ima of Moiluscs.3 species of Rotifera, 4 species and 4 larspecies was Tintinnopsis beroidea In the spring, Copepodite In the summer, Tintinnopsis beroidea In the autumn and Ceratium risus In the winter. Abundance of zooplankton ranged firom 4.720 to 41,215 Inds./1 It was high In the summer (41,215 inds./l) and low In the spring 14,720 inds./l). Dominant index ranged from 0.133 (in the spring) to 0.551 (in the winter). Species diversity inden ranged from 1.114 (in the winters to 1.996 (in the spring).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.176-177
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• 2007

We determined how presence of heterospecific individuals in the vicinity of a focal individual affects the behavior of two critically endangered species of cranes on their wintering grounds at Cheolwon in the Korean Demilitarized Zone(DMZ). The Red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis, is larger than the White-naped crane, Grus vipio, and it dominates the White-naped crane in aggressive interactions. We showed that the dominant species increases foraging activity in the presence of the subordinate species presumably because of scrounging of the food from the subordinate. Because interspecific interactions may affect avian endangerments this behavioral findings should be taken into account when managing winter refuges for the two engendered crane species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.687-694
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• 1998

In this study, the occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds was investigted from soils of typical forests in Mt. Nam and the effect of soil environmental factor on cellular slime molds was investigated. The fourteen species including two undescribed species were isolated as follows: Dictyostelium brefeldianum, Polysphondylium pallidum, P. violaceum, P. pseudo-candidum in Quercus mongolica-Sorbus alnifolia forests, D. purpureum, D. mucoroides var. stoloniferum, D. dimigraformum, D. brefeldiamum, P. pallidum, P. tenuissimum, P. violoceum, P. candidum, P. pseudo-candidum in Pinus densiflora forests, D. polycephahum, D. capitatum, d. brefeldianun, P. candidum in Robinia pseudo-acacia forests, D. purpureum, D. aureostipes var, aureostipes, D. polycephalum in Quercus acutissima forests, D. minutum, D. implicatum. in the site disturbed by human. The dominant species were P. pallidum, D. brefeldiamum, P. pseudo-candidum and D. dimigraformum were the undescribed species in Korea. Environmental factors such as soil pH, water content, organic content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus made a little effect on total species number, the number of clones.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.209-227
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• 1993

Aquatic insects were collected from 18 sites in the Yongsan River System from August, 1988 to July, 1989. The monthly fluctuation and distributional pattern of the aquatic insects along the environmental factors were investigated. Quantitatively collected aquatic insects were identified, and numbers, standing biomass, dominance indices and diversity indices in each site and month were determined. The aquatic insect faun of the Yongsan River System was composed of 146 species, 82 genera, 38 families in 7 orders including 44 species of mayflies, 32 species of caddisflies, 24 species of stoneflies, 21 species of flies, 16 species of beetles, 6 species of dragonflies and 3 species of dobsonflies. Seasonal occurrence of species were more diversified in winter and spring than in summer. Also, the number of individuals occurred was higher in winter and spring than in summer while it was the highest in upper stream and the lowest in Kwang-ju stream. Component ratio of the number of individuals according to the insect orders was as follows: Mayflies 38.71%, Flies 36.97%, Stoneflies 10.21%, Caddisflies 6.80%, Beetles 2.96%, Dobbsonflies 2.74%, Dragonflies 0.95%. Percentage of standing biomass according to insect orders were as follows: Mayfiles 32.81%, Stoneflies 26.51%, Caddisflies 17.58%, Dobbsonflies 14.84%, Flies 3.74%, Beetles 3.08%, Dragonflies 1.45%, The highest standing biomass occurred in spring and the lowest in summer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2017

Marine algal flora and community structures were examined seasonally at three sites around the Shingori Nuclear Power Plant, Korea from February to November 2016. A total of 76 species were identified, including 9 green, 14 brown and 53 red algae. The greatest number of species occurred at Daesongri (51 species) followed by Sinamri (43 species) and at the discharge area (38 species) during the study period. Of the 76 seaweeds, 59 annuals and 17 warm tolerant species were recorded. Annual average biomass in dry weight varied from $168.02g/m^2$ at the discharge area to $222.53g/m^2$ at Sinamri. The coarsely branched form was the dominant functional form of seaweeds at the three sites. Seaweed community structures at the discharge site were distinguishable by decreasing species richness, biomass, species diversity index, richness index, and evenness index. The ratio of warm tolerance species and the dominance index values were remarkably higher at the discharge than those at the other sites.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.149-163
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• 2015

The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity of woody species at different altitudes (900 to 2600 m asl) in Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary (KWLS) and its adjoining areas in Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 94 woody plant species (including 44 tree and 50 shrub species) belonging to 72 genera and 44 families were reported. Density varied from $235{\pm}9$ to $505{\pm}21trees\;ha^{-1}$ and $4,730{\pm}474$ to $9,530{\pm}700shrubs\;ha^{-1}$. Total basal cover varied from $10.49{\pm}0.66$ to $42.92{\pm}2.57m^2ha^{-1}$ (trees) and $0.36{\pm}0.024$ to $0.62{\pm}0.047m^2ha^{-1}$ (shrubs). Shannon-Wiener Index fluctuated between 2.30 to 3.53 (trees) and 2.74 to 3.78 (shrubs). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that altitude and aspect had significant effect on the distribution of woody species. Taxonomically, Rosaceae with 15 species emerged as the dominant family. Low value of maturity index and contiguous distribution of species denoted the early successional status of the studied forests. The conservation assessment based on altitudinal regimes and the information on species structure and function can provide baseline information for monitoring and sustaining the biodiversity.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.nspc5
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• pp.81-104
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• 2005

Based on our insect collecting trip to the Is. Jin-do, Jeollanam-do Province from June 29 to July 1, 2005, a total of 573 lepidopterous species belonging to 37 families are reported, with adding 122 species new to the locality During our survey, the most dominant species was Cryptolechia malacobyrsa Meyrick (Oecophoridae), followed by Sandrabatis crassiella Ragonot (Pyralidae) and Yponomeuta tokyonellus Matsumura(Yponomeutidae), and the family Noctuidae (165 spp.) was the most diverse taxon in species number. We here also discuss the species representing the climatic feature in the island and compare the species diversity with those of other two major islands in Korea, Is. Geoje-do and Is. Jeju-do. Among the species recognized in this study, two species, Epilepia dentata (Matsumura and Shibata) and Meganola costalis (Staudinger) are recorded in Korea for the first time, in spite of the presence of previous notes on the species which is invalid. The adults and genitalia of the two species are illustrated and described briefly.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.319-344
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• 2015

A seasonal characteristic of marine environment and fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Jeju Island were determined using samples collected by a trammel net in from 2012 to 2013. Annual mean temperature and salinity were $18.8^{\circ}C$, 33.7psu (2012) and $18.8^{\circ}C$, 33.8psu (2013) which shows stable water mass. nutrient concentrations represent that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 0.030 to 0.217mg/L, dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) from 0.002 to 0.010mg/L, and silicate ($SiO_2$) from 0.096 to 0.292mg/L. Chlorophyll a concentrations of phytoplankton ranged from 0.905 to $1.125{\mu}g/L$ were appeared the highest in summer and the lowest in winter. Suspended Solid(SS) concentrations ranged from 1.200 to 2.100mg/L (mean, 1.634mg/L) were appeared the highest in autumn and the lowest in spring. During the survey period, a total of 83 species (48 families and 12 orders) of fishes were identified, Perciformes and Scorpaeniformes accounted for 63.9% of the total number. The number of species was higher in summer than in winter, showing a peak in summer at 57 species and a low in winter at 47 species. The number of individuals and the biomass peaked in summer at 694 individuals and 151.9kg, and were the lowest in autumn at 466 individuals and 106.5kg. The diversity index, evenness index and richness index were appeared 2.92~3.14, 0.75~0.83 and 7.06~8.56 at each stations. the dominance index were appeared highest in spring and summer, were appeared the lowest in winter and autumn. The Filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer), Bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis), Marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus), Rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), Blackfin sweeper (Pempheris japonica) were dominant species, which occurred abundantly during the entire survey period. The subtropical fishes were identified total of 41 species (49.4%) and the number of species was higher in summer at 29 (50.9%) species and a low in winter at 20 (42.6%) species. The dominant species of subtropical fishes were appeared Bluestriped angelfish, Blackfin sweeper, Rabbit fish, Scarbreast tuskfish (Choerodon azurio), Ballonfish (Diodon holocanthus), Flagfish (Goniistius zonatus), Blue-spotted boxfish (Ostracion immaculatus) in study sites. The subtropical fishes of species, individual and biomass showed significant correlation with environmental factors (Chlorophyll a, DIN, DIP, $SiO_2$) in almost all sampling sites.