• 대기
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.407-420
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• 2007

Optical characteristics of aerosols in Seoul are investigated from the measurements of sky radiance by Skyradiometer at Yonsei University from December 2005 to November 2006. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) shows a maximum in June due to weak ventilation and particle growth by aging process and hygroscopic effect. Single scattering albedo (SSA) and Angstrom Exponent (AE) show the lowest value in spring due to the Asian dust. It is clear that coarse mode is dominant in spring and fine mode is dominant in summer from the volume size distribution measured in this study. The explanations on the changes of aerosol loadings are provided through the correlation between AOD and AE, while the pattern of wavelength dependency related to particle size is shown through the correlation between SSA and AE. Backward trajectory analysis by HYSPLIT provides information about origin of aerosol, which allows us to classify the case according to the source region and the path distance. Although the direction of backward trajectory traces back mostly to west, coarse mode particle is dominant in the case of long pathway and fine mode particle is dominant in the case of short pathway. This discrepancy is caused by the regional difference of emitted particles.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2021

Numerical simulations of the Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) about a large-scale flexible pipe subject to shear flow were carried out in this paper. Efficiency verification was performed firstly, validating that the proposed fluid-structure interaction solution strategy is competent in predicting the VIV response. Then, the VIV characteristics related to multi-mode and spanwise hybrid waveform about the flexible pipe attributed to shear flow were investigated. When inflow velocity rises, higher vibration modes are apt to be excited, and the spanwise waveform easily convertes from a standing-wave-dominated status to a hybrid standing-traveling wave status. The multi-mode or even multiple-dominant-mode is prone to occur, that is, the dominant mode is often followed by several apparent subordinate modes with considerable vibration energy. Hence, the shedding frequencies no longer obey Strouhal law, and vibration trajectories become intricate. According to the motion analysis concerning the coupled cross-flow and in-line vibrations, as well as the corresponding wake patterns, a tight coupling interaction exists between the structural deformation and the wake flow behind the flexible pipe. In addition, the evolution of the vortex tube along the pipe span and a strong 3D effect are observed due to the slenderness of the flexible pipe and the variability of the vortex shedding attributed to the shear flow.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2018

전자빔과 상호작용하는 공동공진기를 위한 동축형 대역억제필터를 설계하고 제작하였다. 제안한 필터는 공동공진기의 기본모드에 대해 4분의 1 파장 길이의 초크를 가진다. 동축형 대역억제필터의 등가회로를 제시하고 각 부분의 ABCD 파라미터를 구하여 필터 전체의 ABCD 행렬을 구했다. ABCD 행렬로부터 산란행렬을 구하여 MATLAB으로 필터를 시뮬레이션하였다. 동축형 대역억제필터 구조를 HFSS를 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 등가회로로 시뮬레이션이 유용함을 확인하였다. 설계한 동축형 대역억제필터는 6-1/8 플랜지를 가지는 필터를 제작하였다. 제작한 필터는 6-1/8 플랜지에서 N 형 플랜지로 변환하는 변환기를 사용하여 측정하였다. 제작된 필터의 삽입손실은 공동공진기의 기본모드에서 25 dB 이상이고 1차 고차모드에서 0.25 dB 보다 작다. 측정측정 결과는 시뮬레이션한 결과와 잘 일치하며 설계 규격을 만족한다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.440-446
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• 1996

다중 ridge 원형 도파관을 퓨리에 급수 전개와 모드 정합법을 이용하여 정확하게 해석하였다. 경계 조건을 이용하여 두 급수식을 전개하고 이를 풀어 모드를 정확하게 구하였다. 다중 ridge 원형 도파관의 ridge의 수, 길이, 폭에 따른 차단 파수(cutoff wavenumber)의 변화를 살펴보았다. 구한 해는 정확하고 수렴성이 뛰어나며 dominant mode에 대해서는 간단한 근사식을 제시하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.722-728
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• 2001

Applying a general coupled lateral and torsional vibration finite element model of gear pair element this paper intends to look into in detail the coupled lateral and torsional vibration characteristics in a turbo-chiller rotor bearing system, having a bull-pinion speed increasing gear. Investigations have been carried out systematically by comparing the uncoupled and coupled analyses natural vibration frequencies and their mode shapes upon varying the gear mesh stiffness, and also by comparing the strain energies of lateral and torsional vibration modes. Results have shown that some modes may have coupled lateral and torsional mode characteristics as the gear mesh stiffness increases over a certain value, and moreover that their associated dominant modes may be different from their initial modes, i.e., the dominant mode changes from an initial torsional one to a lateral one or from an initial lateral one to a torsional one.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

In this study, optimum locations for a loop-type ground radiation antenna are evaluated for C-shaped ground planes of two different sizes. To achieve good radiation performance, the antenna needs to be located such that it couples with the dominant current mode of the ground plane. Antenna locations are proposed using the characteristic mode analysis of the ground planes. The measured bandwidths of the antennas at the proposed locations have more than twice the bandwidths of the cases in which the antennas are coupled with non-dominant modes. The operating frequency of the antennas is 2.45 GHz.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.383-386
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• 1998

An application determination of the dominant-mode fields in ridge waveguides at all frequencies has been made. Evaluations of the fields along the walls of a commercially standard single-ridge guide having a usable frequency range from 3.75 to 15.0 Gc, This paper presented the analysis of the mode directive coupling characteristics of two ridge waveguide using mode matching techniques for TE10 mode.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.282-291
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• 1996

한국 휘파람새(Cettia diphone)의 song은 더입부인 whistle부와 종결부인 syllable 의 두 부분으로 구성되며, 그들의 song은 도입부에 나타나는 note의 수에 따라서 2개 이하인 것은 $\alpha$ song mode로 3개 이상으로 구성되어지는 song은 $\beta$ song mode로 분류된다. 개체와 지역에 따라서 차이는 있지만 한 개체가 부르는 전채 song에서 $\alpha$ song mode가 차지하는 비율은 약 55%(51.5-58.7%)이었다. $\alpha$ mode는 $\beta$ mode에 비하여 whistle 부분의 dominant frequency는 높은 반면에, syllable 부분을 구성하는 syllable들의 수는 상대적으로 적었다. 휘파람새의 mode Sequence는 그들의 출현 순서에 따라서 $\alpha$$\alpha$, $\alpha$$\beta$, $\beta$$\alpha$, $\beta$$\beta$의 네가지로 정의되었다. 휘파람새의 지리적 변이 그룹인 south-coastal 그룹 내의 개체군집인 완도와 제주도에 있어서 song mode와 mode Sequence는 그들의 텃세권의 방어를 위하여 역할을 수행할 수 있다는 가설을 세우고 이를 검증하기 위하여 playback 실험을 수행하였다. 실험의 결과 mode Sequence는 실험전 자연 상태에서 녹음되어진 song과 playback의 실험 중에 녹음되어진 song과는 실험이 실시된 두 지역 모두에 있어서 의미 있는 차이를 나타내었다. 특히, 완도의 군집에서의 결과는 song mode의 사용이 서식지, singing site, 텃세권의 공간적인 형태에 따라 영향을 받는다는 것을 나타낸다. 나아가 song을 통한 텃세권의 방어에 있어서 특정의 mode sequence는 song mode 자체보다 더 중요한 역할을 할 수도 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2013

This study is constructed to investigate the sloshing effect on the motions of a two-dimensional rectangular cylinder experimentally and numerically. The modes of motion under consideration are sway and roll, and also experimental cases are divided by two categories; 1-DoF roll motion and 2-DoF motion (Coupling sway and roll). It is found that the sway response is considerably affected by the motion of the fluid, particularly near the sloshing natural frequency, while the roll response changes comparatively small. The dominant mode of motion is analyzed for 2-DoF experiments as well. The measured data for 1-DoF motions is compared with numerical results obtained by the Multi-modal approach. The numerical schemes vary in detail with the number of dominant sloshing modes; i.e. there is a single dominant mode for the Single-dominant method, while the Model 2 method assumes that the first two modes are superior. For the roll motion, numerical results obtained by the two different methods are relatively in good agreement with the experiments, and these two results are similar in most wave frequency range. However, the discrepancies are apparent where the fluid motion is not governed by a single mode. But both of numerical methods over-predict the motion at the vicinity of the sloshing natural frequency. In order to correct the discrepancy, the modal damping needs to be investigated more precisely. Furthermore, another multi-modal approach, such as the Boussinesq-type method, seems to be required in the region of the intermediate liquid.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1256-1265
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• 2006

The supersonic flows around tandem cavities were investigated by two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical simulations using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation with the k- ω turbulence model. The flow around a cavity is characterized as unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices due to the interaction between the freestream shear layer and cavity internal flow, the generation of shock and expansion waves, and the acoustic effect transmitted from wake flow to upstream. The upwind TVD scheme based on the flux vector split with van Leer's limiter was used as the numerical method. Numerical calculations were performed by the parallel processing with time discretizations carried out by the 4th-order Runge- Kutta method. The aspect ratios of cavities are 3 for the first cavity and 1 for the second cavity. The ratio of cavity interval to depth is 1. The ratio of cavity width to depth is 1 in the case of three dimensional flow. The Mach number and the Reynolds number were 1.5 and $4.5{\times}10^5$, respectively. The characteristics of the dominant frequency between two- dimensional and three-dimensional flows were compared, and the characteristics of the second cavity flow due to the first cavity flow was analyzed. Both two dimensional and three dimensional flow oscillations were in the 'shear layer mode', which is based on the feedback mechanism of Rossiter's formula. However, three dimensional flow was much less turbulent than two dimensional flow, depending on whether it could inflow and outflow laterally. The dominant frequencies of the two dimensional flow and three dimensional flows coincided with Rossiter's 2nd mode frequency. The another dominant frequency of the three dimensional flow corresponded to Rossiter's 1st mode frequency.