• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.315-322
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effect of silk scaffolds on one-wall periodontal intrabony defects. We conjugated nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) onto a silk scaffold and then seeded periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) or dental pulp cells (DPCs) onto the scaffold. Methods: Five dogs were used in this study. Bilateral 4 mm${\times}$2 mm (depth${\times}$mesiodistal width), one-wall intrabony periodontal defects were surgically created on the distal side of the mandibular second premolar and the mesial side of the mandibular fourth premolar. In each dog, four of the defects were separately and randomly assigned to the following groups: the PDLCcultured scaffold transplantation group (PDLC group), the DPC-cultured scaffold transplantation group (DPC group), the normal saline-soaked scaffold transplantation group, and the control group. The animals were euthanized following an 8-week healing interval for clinical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and histologic evaluations. Results: There was no sign of inflammation or other clinical signs of postoperative complications. The examination of cellseeded constructs by SEM provided visual confirmation of the favorable characteristics of nHA-coated silk scaffolds for tissue engineering. The scaffolds exhibited a firm connective porous structure in cross section, and after PDLCs and DPCs were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultured for 3 weeks, the attachment of well-spread cells and the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) were observed. The histologic analysis revealed that a well-maintained grafted volume was present at all experimental sites for 8 weeks. Small amounts of inflammatory cells were seen within the scaffolds. The PDLC and DPC groups did not have remarkably different histologic appearances. Conclusions: These observations indicate that nHA-coated silk scaffolds can be considered to be potentially useful biomaterials for periodontal regeneration.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.220-229
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• 1992

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of the dog unpregant uterus were characterized using $[^3H]quinuclidinyl$ benzilate(QNB) as a radioligand and the binding of muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists in the uterus was compared to that in the urinary bladder which contains almost exclusively the M2 receptors in order to determine the receptor subtypes in the uterus. $[^3H]QNB$ binding to uterus and bladder was rapid, saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of the saturation data gave linear plots and the Hill coefficients were close to unit, which indicated that each preparation contained a single population of specific binding sites for $[^3H]QNB$. The KD values(120 pM) for QNB were almost identical in both organs, whereas the $B_{max}$ value of 256 fmol/mg protein in the uterus was significantly different from that of 563 fmol/mg protein in the bladder. Muscarinic agonists and antagonists inhibited in a competitive manner the $[^3H]QNB$ binding to the same extent in both organs. The competition binding studies using antagonists(atropine and pirenzepine) exhibited a single binding site and this site had a low affinity for pirenzepine with the Ki value of about 330 nM. However, high and low affinity binding sites were observed with carbachol, methacholine and oxotremorine. These binding studies with agonists and antagonists did not show any differences in drug affinities between uterus and bladder. These results indicate that the muscarinic receptors in the uterus are M2 receptors which have a low affinity for pirenzepine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

Use of ketamine and propofol combination (so-called Ketofol) anesthesiain a fixed ratio (1:1 mg/ml) was reported in dogs. The use of ketofol reduced cardiovascular suppression, but respiratory-related side effects was not significantly different from propofol alone. In this study, we evaluated the quality of ketofol anesthesia and changes in cardiopulmonary function according to the ratio of ketamine to propofol. The experimental groups were divided into three groups: propofol alone (P group), 3:7 ketofol group (PK1 group) and 1:1 ketofol group (PK2). For each group, the dose of 0.8 ml/kgwas administered intravenously at a constant rate until the tracheal intubation was possible and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane for 120 minutes after induction of anesthesia. There was no significant difference in the anesthetic quality among three groups. Also, there was no difference in respiratory rate, tidal volume, end-tidal carbondioxide, and oxygen saturation. In group P, heart rate was not changed significantly during anesthesia, but arterial blood pressure decreased, while heart rate and arterial blood pressure increased significantly in group PK2. In the PK1 group, heart rate and arterial blood pressure during anesthesia remained similar to pre-anesthetic values. In conclusion, ketofol might be used as induction agent, and 3:7 ratioof ketofol showed more safe and effective anesthetic effect in dogs. Additionally, 1:1 ketofol may be used in patients with severe bradycardia orhypotension with close monitoring during anesthesia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.851-855
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• 1994

The semen from four male dogs which had been proven to be fertile in the past were frozen in a deep freezer at $-60^{\circ}C$ by simple freezing method using methanol and preserved at the same teperature for from 7 to 10 days. The semen were inseminated to 7 female dogs in estrus to find out the usability of this freezing method in artificial insemination for dogs. In addition, post-thaw motility and viability of sperm from two male dogs which had been fertile were also evaluated to investigate individual difference. Successful pregnancy was obtained by artificial insemination with canine semen frozen at $-60^{\circ}C$ by simple freezing method using methanol, namely, 3 bitches among 7 bitches which had been inseminated delivered puppies(42.8%). The average litter size of the whelping dogs were 4.3 puppies. The average post-thaw motility of canine sperm in the cases of conception was showen higher than those of non-conception(65.0% vs. 42.5%), along with the, same result in the average post-thaw viability between the two groups(53.3% vs, 27.5%). Individual difference of post-thaw motility and viability was obtained between two fertile dogs(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to compare wound healing in stomach with $CO_{2}$ laser and scalpel incision by measuring the extent of bleeding, the ease of gastric incision, incision time, degree of adhesion and wound healing degree in dogs. Sixteen healthy dogs were used. Two symmetrical incisions were made in ventral aspect of the stomach between the greater and lesser curvatures were made with scalpel and 0.2 mm spot diameter $CO_{2}$ laser (8W, continuous wave) in sixteen dogs. And then each wound was closed with absorbable suture in a two-layer inverting seromuscular pattern. At 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after initial wounding, each wound was taken for histological observation. On surgery, the extent of bleeding, the ease of incision and incision time showed significant differences between the groups. The $CO_{2}$ laser provided better hemostasis (p < 0.05) and smaller postoperative adhesion compared with the scalpel. However, the scalpel produced faster speed of incision and was easier to handle than the $CO_{2}$ laser (p < 0.05). Although there was no considerable difference between the two groups in histological observation, necrosis and calcium deposit tended to be larger in the $CO_{2}$ laser than in the scalpel.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1543-1551
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• 2010

A major aim of cattle genome research is to identify candidate genes associated with meat quantity and quality through QTL analysis for application in the livestock industry. Therefore, this study focused on discovery of useful SNPs within the LOC534614 gene, containing 12273_165 SNP which is located on the same site as the QTL on chromosome 6, and evaluation of the association between SNP and body weight and cold carcass weight in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) As a result of a BLAST search of the NCBI web site, we discovered that the mRNA sequence of the LOC534614 gene was similar to that of the coiled-coil domain containing 158 (CCDC158) for dog and human. According to the direct DNA sequence from the CCDC158 gene, we identified 19 polymorphic SNPs within exons and their flanking regions. Among them, 17 polymorphic SNPs were selected for genotyping in Hanwoo (n = 476) and seventeen marker haplotypes containing 12273_165 SNP (frequency >0.1) were identified. As a result of the association between 17 polymorphic SNPs and Hanwoo (n = 476), g.8778G>A SNP in exon 6 was found to be a non-synonymous SNP, and was significantly associated with body weight and cold carcass weight (p<0.05). We discovered 19 polymorphic SNPs in the CCDC158 gene on the QTL region of BTA 6 in Hanwoo and identified that the g.8778G>A SNP was significantly associated with body weight and cold carcass weight (p<0.05), which causes an amino acid variation from valine to methionine. Furthermore, statistical analysis demonstrated that the CCDC158 gene is strongly associated with body weight and cold carcass weight in Hanwoo. In this regard, the g.8778G>A SNP in the CCDC158 gene can be useful as a positional candidate for body weight and cold carcass weight for marker-assisted selection in Hanwoo.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.686-690
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• 2015

The adrenergic receptor beta 2 (ADRB2) plays a role in various physiological responses of the muscle to exercise, such as contraction and relaxation. Given its important role in muscle function, we investigated the structure of the horse ADRB2 gene and its expression pattern after exercise to determine if it can serve as a putative biomarker for recovery. Evolutionary analyses using synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios, were compared with other species (human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, pig, chicken, dog, and cat), and revealed the occurrence of positive selection in the horse ADRB2 gene. In addition, expression analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction exhibited ubiquitous distribution of horse ADRB2 in various tissues including lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, thyroid, appendix, colon, spinal cord and heart, with the highest expression observed in the lung. The expression of ADRB2 in skeletal muscle was significantly up-regulated about four folds 30 minutes post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. The expression level of ADRB2 in leukocytes, which could be collected with convenience compared with other tissues in horse, increased until 60 min after exercise but decreased afterward until 120 min, suggesting the ADRB2 expression levels in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker to check the early recovery status of horse after exercise. In conclusion, we identified horse ADRB2 gene and analyzed expression profiles in various tissues. Additionally, analysis of ADBR2 gene expression in leukocytes could be a useful biomarker useful for evaluation of early recovery status after exercise in racing horses.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2001

Various characteristics of polyethylene oxide (PEO) are useful for drug delivery systems. In this study, PEO was used as a sustained release matrix system containing cefatrizine propyleneglycol (Cefa-PG) which is a new semi-synthetic broad-spectrum and orally active cephalosporin. Five kinds of sustained release matrix tablets were formulated with various content of PEO and other ingredients. And three types of matrix tablets were formulated of which compositions were the same but the hardness was different. It was found that PEO content influenced drug release rate. Increasing PEO content, the drug release rate from matrix tablets was decreased. In addition, Avicel, one of the ingredients of matrix components, changed the drug release from the sustained release PEO matrix tablets. With increasing Avicel content, the rate of drug release was increased. For the effect of hardness of matrix tablets, the rate of drug release is decreased with increasing hardness. In comparison of bioavailability parameters after oral administration of Cefa-PG PEO matrix tablets and general Cefa-PG capsule in beagle dog, the sustained release PEO matrix tablets is more useful than a general dosage form. $AUC^{0-12}$ of the sustained release PEO matrix tablet and the general dosage form was 1.16 and 0.644 respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.102-104
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to document the histology of canine acupoints. Acupunctural needles were inserted by 0.5 to 1 cm depth into acupoints Nei-guan (Inner pass, PC06), Gan-shu (Liver Association Point, BL18), Shen-shu (Kidney Association Point, BL23) and Pangguang-shu (Bladder Association Point, BL28) in 4 dogs, and the tissues around the acupoints were examined. Light microscopy was used to observe the surrounding structures of each point. Nerve fibres, small vessels and muscle spindles were found around the tip of the needle in every case, although they occurred not so often at nonacupoint in nearby region or nonacupoint in the areas, such as skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle. Therefore, it is suggested that nerve fibres, small vessels and muscle spindles may be potential acupoint receptors.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalent allergens causing canine atopic dermatitis in Daejeon area. Twenty two dogs were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by an using intradermal skin test (IDST). Allergens used for the IDST included 33 allergen extracts from nine allergen groups: house dust mites (HDM), house dust, moulds, trees, weeds, grasses, insects/fleas, epithelia and others. The 22 purebred dogs with atopic dermatitis enrolled in this study included Shi-tzus (10/22, 45.5%), Yorkshire terriers (5/22, 22.7%), Miniature pinschers (4/22, 18.2%), Pugs (2/ 22, 9.1 %) and Cocker spaniels (1/22, 4.5%). The age of onset of atopic dermatitis ranged from 5 months to 5 years old (median: 1.79 years). The males (12/22, 54.5%) and females (10/22, 45.5%) were almost equal. The number of positive reactions to allergens recorded in each dog with atopic dermatitis was 3 (9/22, 40.9%), 2 (8/22, 36.4%), 1 (3/ 22, 13.6%) and 4 (2/22, 9.1 %), respectively. The most common positive allergen reaction was HDM (52.6%). The other positive allergen reactions recorded were from house dust (17.5%), insects/fleas (15.8%), trees (5.3%), moulds (3.5%), kapok (3.5%), silk (3.5%), epithelia (1.8%), weeds (0%) and grasses (0%), respectively. Positive reactions recorded to Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus were in 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. The IDST results demonstrate that the most common causative allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in Daejeon area were HDM.