• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2016

Objectives : Doctors are obviously one of the most interesting subject in medical history. Doctors are who treat patients and disease and the authors for medical records or books. Especially doctors in traditional medicine mostly tried to write medical books for new idea or their esperiences or leave their medical records for treatments, medication, prescription and so on. Therefore, many researchers have explained Korean or Chinese medical history of traditional society through those books or documents rather than doctors themselves. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty has massive records for history, politics, society, culture, etc. Relating to medical history in traditional Korean medicine, there are ceveral researches about disease of King, disease itself, the methods of treatment and so on, through The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. However, there are few on activities of many doctors in The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Methods : I tried to find out the names who had some roles of medicine in The Annals of King Sejong out of The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. I could get 35 doctors and browsed 35 doctors in The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty again. Finally, I could have lots of articles from The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty related to 33 doctors(2 dontors had no records about medicine even they were doctors). Results : I categorized 2 ways of those articles; medical activities, non-medical activities. For medical activities, I got subcategories for medical activities; medical maltreatment, treatment for King, royal family, bureaucrat, ambassador. I also got subcategories for non-medical activities; publishing medical books, ambassador as a doctor, medical training, things related to hot spring, food therapist, veterinarian. Conclusions : Medical history of Joseon Dynasty in Korean medical history has somehow been recorded by medical books such as Hyangyakjipseongbang, Euibangyuchwi, Euilimchwalyo, Dongeuibogam, Jejungsinpyeon, Dongeuisusebowon, etc. So I have concerned that there are massive records on doctors activities in The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and tried to focus on their various activities through this research.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was conducted in order to investigate the professionalism, job stress and job satisfaction in western and oriental doctors in Korea. Methods : The authors conducted a survey using a self-administered questionnaire, conducted between August and September, 2001. The study subjects were 457 western doctors and 161 oriental doctors practicing at local clinics in Daegu City. Results : For the professionalism scale, the score for belief in service to the public of western doctors was significantly higher than that of oriental doctors (p<0.05) whereas the scores for sense of calling to the field and feeling of autonomy were higher in oriental doctors (p<0.01). For the job stress scale, the scores for work factor, and clinical responsibility/decision factor of western doctors were significantly higher than those of oriental doctors (p<0.01). Of the western doctors, 59.7% expressed satisfaction with their job as a doctor, 69.5% responded that the role of a doctor was appropriate to their aptitude, and 61.8% answered that they wouldn't consider other kinds of job even if offered. In case of oriental doctors, these responses were 83.1%, 82.5%, and 82.3%, respectively. Conclusions : The job stress scores of western doctors were higher than those of oriental doctors, but the job satisfaction was lower. The reasons for the above results are not clear. Further studies are required to understand the characteristics of job stress and job satisfaction in doctors.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2006

A survey was practiced to the medical doctors of Je-Han Medical Center and Taegu Catholic Medical Center from November to December 2004. The collected data was analysed by the SPSS10+. The analysis of frequency, cross table, the difference of mean was practiced. The focus of the analysis was to find the difference of attitudes between Korean Oriental medical doctors and Western medical doctors. The results of the analysis showed that Korean Oriental medical doctors are more active to the cooperated medical treatments than Western medical doctors. They also have more experience. And both of Korean Oriental medical doctors and Western medical doctors agree to the necessity of the cooperated medical treatments. But the preferred combination pattern of Korean Oriental medicine and Western medicine was different between two medical groups. Korean Oriental medical doctors prefer the one to one combination pattern. But Western medical doctors prefer to Western medicine centered combination pattern. This study has limitations in sampling prcesss and sample size. But considering that the study of the cooperated medical treatments is few, this study has considerable medical sociological meaning.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.34-61
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• 1998

A study on cooperative medical treatment system between oriental and western medical practitioners was conducted from March through August 1997 in order to determine a productive model of cooperation of two medical parts for treatment of patients. Questionnaires were distributed to 195 medical doctors(M.D.) and 195 doctors of oriental medicine(O.M.D.) working in clinics and hospitals in six major cities. Statistical analysis tools used for this study were frequency, t-test and multiple regression by using SPSS/P.C package. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The respondents were composed of male docotors(78%) and female doctors(22%) and 68.2% of M.D. and 97% of O.M.D. were interested in the other medical part. The doctors of both disciplines had some limitation on treatment of patients but they were reluctant to refer their patients to other doctors in different discipline. 2. M.D assumed that oriental medicine was more effective for chronic diseases, and O.M.D. thought that western medicine was more effective for acute diseases. 92.3% of O.M.D.s responded that even though they do not utilize western medical technology for diagnosis, they believed the results of diagnoses by western medical technology. 3. 60.5% of O.M. and 93.3% of O.M.D. said that cooperative medical treatment system could be necessary for patients and it would be effective for control of diseases and 69% of western medical doctors and 99% of oriental medical doctors agreed that oriental medical practice would be more effective for cerebellar vascular accidents than other diseases. 77.4% of western medical doctors and 92.3% of oriental medical doctors responded that the students of two different disciplines have to be taught on the other disciplines. 82.6% of western medical doctors and 83.3% oriental medical doctors agreed that it would be necessary to have collaborative research between scientists in two disciplines. 81.5% of M.D.s and 93.3% of O.M.D.s believed that they had prejudice and distrust on other discipline 4.90% of the doctors were not satisfied with the government medical policies on health insurance, legal matters, and health delivery system. 5. 75.4% of M.D.s and 50.2% of O.M.D.s said that two medical disciplines should be integrated, but they were skeptical on that. 75.3% of M.D.s thought that western hospitals should employ O.M.D.s Finally this study recommended that western medical students study oriental medicine and the vice versa, and M.D.s and O.M.D.s should have seminars and workshops to exchange knowledge, and experiences. It is also recommended that medical laws be revised to allow medical doctors refer the patients whom they can not handle to oriental medical doctors and the vice versa.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in perception of clinical nutrition service (CNS) between doctors and dietitians working in hospitals in Busan and the Gyeongnam area. Research was performed through questionnaires (from November to December 2011) at over 100 beds. 73.3% of dietitians were aware of the Nutrition Support Team (NST), while only 15.6% of doctors were aware of it. Due to heavy work and lack of medical staff, doctors didn't participate in NST, although most of them recognized the necessity of NST. 61.7% of dietitians screened and managed malnourished patients, whereas only 29.8% of doctors did. The main reason dietitians didn't treat malnourished patients was the absence of a treatment system in the hospital. Less than 50% of dietitians participated in the doctor's round to malnourished patients. As for why dietitians didn't participate in doctor's rounds, 71% of doctors chose understaffed dietitians and 38.1% of dietitians chose the doctors' unawareness of the importance of the dietitian in doctor's rounds. For the lower rate of nutrition counseling in provincial regions, compared to the capital region, 46.8% of doctors cited a lack of connection between doctors and clinical dietitians, while 43.3% of dietitians cited the lack of doctors' awareness on the importance of nutrition counseling. Although 87.3% of the doctors and 91.6% of the dietitians answered that CNS is important for treatment, the perception of onsite performance status on CNS was found to be low in both groups. 48.9% of doctors and 50.0% of dietitians regarded dietitians in the hospital as personnel in charge of food services, rather a member of the medical team. To improve the awareness of the importance of the CNS, and the image of clinical dietitians, 31.2% of doctors answered "to introduce a professional dietitian license for each disease" and 26.7% of dietitians answered "to change the system in the hospital". Most subjects found that a separation of clinical nutrition services from the food service part is needed. These results suggest that it is important to narrow the difference in perceptions of clinical nutrition services between doctors and dietitians for an organized clinical nutrition management of patients in hospitals in Busan and the Gyeongnam area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-162
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• 1974

To find a basic study for manpower of physicians and medical care systems in Busan, author has studied towards 1,069 doctors who had taken the regular report in 1973, residing in Busan City. The survey was conducted from July 1 to August 31, 1973 and the findings & results obtained through the study for distributions, characteristics, employment of doctors and some medical system were summarized as follows; 1. The ratio between doctor and populations in Busan City was 1:1,887. 2. The doctors who graduated from Susan Medical College were 438 as the most proportion (40.9%). 3. Sex distribution of doctors revealed male 970, female 99 and those belonging to the 30-39 age group were as the most proportion (41.0%). 4. The doctors who had faith in Christianity were the highest (22.3%), 5. By the opening year of clinics, there was increasing tendency after 1950, especially during 1970-1973. 6. At that time of investigation, the doctors who had private clinics were 673 (67.3%) and nonemployees were 27 (2.5%) 7. The total Medical Specialists in Busan were 519, and among them the Internal Medicine Specialists were the highest proportion (16.2%). 8. The clinics employing the disqualified nurse-aids were 237 (22.2%). 9. Most of doctors (81.8%) had opposed attitude to the establishment of new medical colleges. 10. More than half of the doctors (59.8%) agreed to the functional division between Physicians and Pharmacists. 11. The ratio of agreement to the practical application of public medical insurances was 68.7%. 12. The opinion by opening hospital-clinics at Myeon for administrative measures for doctorless rural area was the highest proportion. 13. The doctors who replied as low state of confidence of the citizens to the doctors-themselves were 691 (64.6%).

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.337-361
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• 2010

In the case of Korea, both of modern medicine and oriental medicine are admitted as medical practices in the system. In other words, healthcare system is dualized. However, medical practice that corresponds to oriental medicine in Korea is substitution of medical practice in cases of foreign countries. For use of medical devices, it is provided only for doctors and medical technician relevant to use. Particularly, although oriental medicine is recognized as orthodox medicine in terms of the features of Korean medical system, superintendency of oriental doctors is not identical with that of doctors for use of medical devices and superintendency toward medical technicians. Recently, Cheongju District Court decided that superintendency of oriental doctor upon physical therapist is not acknowledged. It can be said that the judgement is opposed to the original verdict which judged that oriental doctors' employment and guidance of oriental doctors upon physical therapist is permissible. Hence this study aimed to review on domestic medical law system, which is dualized, roles of medical professionals, intent of the medical license system, provisions related to medical technician law and relevant precedents. Regulations on practices other than licensed practices by medical professionals are made because medical practices may affect on danger toward life and body of human and public health also. Therefore, the nation regulates medical professionals having licenses to perform medical practices within the range of the licenses. It is clearly prescribed that medical technicians may perform medical practices under instructions of doctors or dentists pursuant to the medical technician law. In addition, the court also judges that it is out of the license of oriental doctors if they use CT devices and limits the use of modern medical devices by oriental doctors. That is to say that it limits oriental doctors' employment of medical technicians and pursuant of oriental doctors on medical technicians as well.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

Objective : To investigate the sources, extent and related factors in South Korean doctors. Methods : The study subjects were 934 doctors in Taegu, Kyungpook Province, Korea(540 independent practitioners, 105 employed at hospitals and 289 residents in training). Information concerning job stress was obtained using a 9-item questionnaire. Information regarding related factors such as demographic characteristics(age, sex, marital status), perceptions on the socioeconomic status of doctors and working conditions(work time, on-call days per week) was also obtained by self-administered questionnaire during April and May, 2000. Results : Major sources of job stress included clnical responsibility/judgement factor, patient factor and work loading factor. The job stress score of residents was the highest among three groups. The score was lower in older doctors. The score was low among those who thought doctors' socioeconomic status was not good. The longer the work time, the higher the job stress score was. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to control for the mutual influence of independent variables. In regression analysis, the score of residents was higher than practitioners. Work time and socioeconomic status perception had negative effects on job stress score. Conclusion : The average job stress score of the doctors was high. Age, work type, working conditions and perceptions of socioeconomic status were found to besignificantly related to job stress score. Although the job stress of doctors is somewhat inevitable due to the nature of the doctor's job, control of work time, development of coping tools and other intervention methods are needed to reduce job stress of doctors. Further studies are required to understand the characteristics of iob stress and reduce the job stress of doctors.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 1996

This paper is for studying stress condition of apprentice doctors who were in Oriental Medical Hospital. This study was done on 35 apprentice doctors who were in Kyungsang University Oriental Medical Hospital and Bulgy Oriental Medical Hospital. The Seven-Minute Stress Test of Thomas E. Sttats and 10 questions which were made by the present writer shows the following results.1. The Body stress scale was the highest point. In order of high percent, this shows Whole scale, Mind scale, Situation scale. 2. In comparison of the stress scale of men and women doctors, all the stress scale of women doctors were higher than men doctors. 3. In comparison of the stress scale of Interne and Resident doctors, Whole and Situation stress scale of Resident doctors were higher than Interne doctors, Body and Mind stress scale of Interne doctors were higher than Resident doctors. 4. The personal relation with other people was harmonious, the worst relation of the other colleague was the administrative staff, the next were nurses, senior apprentice doctors orderly. 5. In order of high percent of stressors, this shows personal relation, many works and troubles of care, the lack of private life, unsatisfactory administration system and equipment, the class system and overbearing atmospheres, education and continuous stress, bad conditions and fatigue, economic problems. 6. In order of high percent of systemic stress diseases, this shows musculo- skeletal disease, nervous disease, digestive disease, neurosis, urinary and genital disorder, opthalomo-otolaryngo disease, immunity disorder and vascular disease. In order of high percent of stress symptom, this show headache, fatigue, shoulder pain, back and leg pain, pantalgia and abdominal pain, diarrhea and dismenorrhea, stiffness of neck dizziness indigestion languor after a meal insomnia, neurasthenia lacking interest constipation menorrhalgia bloodshot eyes otitis media allergy thirst flushing edema. 7. In order of the seven mode of emotions in relation to stress, this shows anger, anxiety, isolation, melancholy, fright, sorrow, terror, overjoy.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.174-185
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate all postpartum care center in Seoul about its state of doctors' linkage and oriental medical treatment. Methods: From May 1st 2011 to July 10th 2011, survey was done using a selfmade questionnaire by phone or visit. There were 12 categories including the state of doctors' linkage in postpartum care centers, treatment form of oriental medical doctors, utilization of herbal medicine and so on. The data collected was analyzed using Excel 2007 FOR WINDOWS. Results: 1. The doctors' linkage with postpartum centers included pediatricians(96.1%), oriental medicine doctors(61.2%), and gynecologists(34.0%). Of those postpartum centers, 66% had both pediatrician and oriental medical doctor which were the vast majority. 2. Out of 70 postpartum centers providing herbal medicine, 9 of them were supplied of herbal medicine by herb sellers(not doctor). Where as, at 63 oriental medical doctors-affiliated centers, 85.7% of them had oriental medical doctors' examinations. 3. Out of 70 postpartum centers providing herbal medicine, personalized prescription amounted to 35(50.0%), same prescriptions amounted to 34(48.6%), and 1(1.4%) refused to answer. 4. Out of all the patients that received explanation about the effects of herbal medicine, 62.9% had them explained by oriental medical doctors. Conclusions: These findings suggests that oriental medical doctors are actively involved with postpartum care centers but problems surfaced regarding individualized prescription insufficiency and the lack of administration. In the near future, if the expertise expand in the areas of pediatrics as well as obstetrics and gynecology, oriental medicine will have a more solid role in postpartum care part.