• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2018

This work describes a binary image based fast Difference of Gaussian (DoG) filter using zero-dimensional (0-d) convolution and state machine look up tables (LUTs) for image and video stitching hardware platforms. The proposed approach for using binary images to obtain DoG filtering can significantly reduce the data size compared to conventional gray scale based DoG filters, yet binary images still preserve the key features of the image such as contours, edges, and corners. Furthermore, the binary image based DoG filtering can be realized with zero-dimensional convolution and state machine LUTs which eliminates the major portion of the adder and multiplier blocks that are generally used in conventional DoG filter hardware engines. This enables fast computation time along with the data size reduction which can lead to compact and low power image and video stitching hardware blocks. The proposed DoG filter using binary images has been implemented with a FPGA (Altera DE2-115), and the results have been verified.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2006

This study was conducted to determine the amount of unprotonated nicotine in cigarette mainstream smoke and to investigate its relationship to level of filter ventilation and machine smoking conditions. Unprotonated nicotine from TPM trapped on a Cambridge filter pad(CFP) was adsorbed by Carboxen/PDMS SPME fiber, thermally desorbed and determined by GC/MS. 2R4F reference cigarette, twelve commercial brands from the Korean market and five test cigarette samples, which had the same tobacco blend with different levels of filter ventilation, were analyzed for unprotonated nicotine. In commercial brands, the amount of unprotonated nicotine changed slightly depending on the pH values of smoke, and decreased as the tar level increased. filter ventilation in these commercial cigarettes was $28{\sim}80%$ and the higher filter ventilation increased relative unprotonated nicotine levels, but not significantly. However, in five test cigarettes with different filter ventilation$(0{\sim}70%)$, unprotonated nicotine levels increased almost linearly with the level of filter ventilation. Concentrations of unprotonated nicotine in mainstream smoke generally increased in order $HC\;<\;ISO\;{\leq}\;MDPH$ machine smoking conditions. The ratio of unprotonated nicotine to total nicotine among $cigarettes({\alpha}_{fb})$ increased in order RC < MDPB < ISO conditions. Concentrations of unprotonated nicotine varied with three machine smoking conditions.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2012

In this paper, the relationship between the bandwidth (BW) and power efficiency of a source follower based (SFB) filter is quantitatively analyzed, and a design methodology for a SFB filter for optimized BW - power consumption is introduced. The proposed design methodology achieves a maximum BW at a target quality (Q) factor for the given power consumption constraint by controlling design factors individually. In order to achieve the target BW from the maximized BW, a tuning method is introduced. Through the proposed design methodology, a fourth order Butterworth filter was implemented in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The measured BW, power consumption, and IIP3 are 100 MHz, 33 ${\mu}W$, and 9 dBm, respectively. Compared with other filter structures, the measured results show high BW - power efficiency.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2000

The characteristics of two different modes of perfusion culture, intermittent and continuous bleedings, were investigated by culturing the hybridoma cells producing von Willebrand Factor (vWF) monoclonal antibody (McAb) in a 15 L bioreactor without clogging the filter. Both culture methods exhibited similar profiles of cell density and metabolite concentrations during the culture period at the cell concentration of around 1${\times}$107 cells/mL. When the perfusion rate was increased, the intermittrnt bleeding culture showed problems of ammonia accumulation and decrease of cell viability. The continuous bleeding culture in terms of nutrient consumption and metabolite production kinetics. But the analysis of specific oxygen consumption rate showed that the specific oxygen consumption rate of intermittent bleeding culture was similar to that of exponential growth phase. The continuous bleeding culture showed higher specific oxygen consumption rate of intermittent bleeding culture. finally we proved the possibility of long-term operation of continuous bleeding culture and produced approximately 40 g of vWF McAb in a 15L bioreactor after one-month operation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.877-884
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• 2011

In this paper, the removal characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOCs) by micro bubble ozonation process and $O_3/UV$ process were comparatively studied. In the point of DOC removing reaction coefficient, micro bubble ozonation system and $O_3/UV$ process had not significant difference, $0.0120sec^{-1}$ and $0.0141sec^{-1}$. Therefore micro bubble ozonation process is more suitable for tertiary treatment of sewage in the point of installation and maintenance cost-reducing. The optimum ozone injection rate was 2.0 g $O_3/g$ DOC and HRT was 3 min for the micro bubble ozonation process. The removal efficiency of DOC and SUVA in micro bubble ozonation system was 32.8% and 58.3% respective. Biological aerated filter (BAF) process was installed to remove soluble organic material increased by micro bubble ozonation system. And the effluent BOD of BAF was below 1.0 mg/L. In the view of cost-effectiveness, $O_3/BAF$ process was more profitable than $O_3/UV/BAF$ process for tertiary treatment of sewage. In order to nitrify ammonia in the BAF process completely, $NH_4{^+}-N$ concentration in the influent water of BAF should be designed considering low water temperature in the winter season.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 2015

자일로곤 가노데르모프쏘라는 자낭균의 일종으로 영지버섯에 노랑병을 일으키는 곰팡이다. 선행 연구에서 저자들은 이 곰팡이의 배양체 추출물이 배양기상에서 몇 가지 수박 병원균에 대하여 항진균활성을 나타낸다고 보고한 바 있다. 흰가루병에 대한 방제효과를 평가하기 위하여 2014년에 비닐하우스에서 시험을 수행하였다. 시험물질(원액 약 $4,000{\mu}g/ml$)은 배양체 800 g을 증류수 6 liter를 첨가하여 멸균할 후 여과하여 조제하였다. 추출물 100배액과 1,000배액 등을 6회 살포하였을 때 흰가루병 발생이 크게 억제되었으며 약해는 관찰되지 않았다. 아인산칼륨 수용액의 수박 흰가루병에 대한 발생 억제 효과와 약해 발생 등을 검토하고자 약효약해 시험을 수행하였다. 약해는 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$과 $2,000{\mu}g/ml$ 처리에서 발생하였으며, 갈색의 원형 내지 부정형의 반점으로 나타났다. 방제효과는 $2,000{\mu}g/ml$ 처리에서 91.9%, $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 처리에서 64.9%, $500{\mu}g/ml$ 처리에서 62.2%를 나타냈다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2010

본 논문은 Haar 웨이브릿변환과 평균 박스필터에 기반을 둔 Haar 웨이브릿 특징 검출자를 제안한다. 원 영상을 Haar 웨이브릿 변환을 통해 분해하여 영상의 분산정보를 얻고 영상 식별을 위한 특징정보를 추출한다. 영역을 나타내는 주위영역들 중에 분산이 가장 큰 영역의 관심점을 검출하기 위하여 국부 분산정보를 비교하는 평균 박스필터를 적용하고 빠른 계산을 위한 적분영상 기법을 사용한다. Haar 웨이브릿 변환과 평균 박스필터를 이용하여 제안한 검출자는 밝기 변화, 스케일 변화, 영상의 회전에 민감하지 않는 특성을 제공할 수 있다. 실험결과는 제안한 방법이 적은 관심점을 사용하는 경우에도 기존의 DoG 검출자와 Harris corner 검출자에 비해 더 높은 repeatability와 효율성 그리고 매칭정확성을 달성할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.602-611
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 MATLAB를 이용하여 UHF RFID 시스템의 순방향 링크를 구현하고, 구현된 모델을 통해 국내 RFID 기술 기준인 200 kHz 채널 대역폭을 만족하기 위한 순방향 디지털 필터의 설계 변수와 송신 신호의 특성을 분석하였다. 구현된 순방향 링크 모델은 PIE 소스 코딩과 디지털 송신 필터, 변조 블록, 국부 발진기 및 안테나로 구성되어 있다. 모의 실험 결과를 통해서 EPCglobal class 1 generation 2(EPCglobal C1G2) 규격의 변조 방식과 Tari값에 따른 디지털 송신 필터의 roll-off factor, 차단 주파수, 탭 수의 사용 가능 범위를 제시하였다. 또한, 각각의 변조 방식이 다중 리더 환경 및 밀집 리더 환경에 따라 EPCglobal C1G2 규격의 시간 영역 파형과 스펙트럼 마스크에 대한 만족 여부를 확인한 결과, 다중 리더 환경에서 Tari값 $6.25{\mu}sec$의 경우는 DSB/SSB-ASK 변조방식을 국내 채널 규격에 맞춰 사용하기 어렵다고 판단되었다. 따라서 본 논문은 RFID 리더 제작 시 국내 기술기준을 만족시키기 위한 설계 지침으로서 중요한 의미를 지니며, 향후 다중 리더 및 밀집 리더 환경에서 주파수 간섭 문제를 분석하기 위한 중요한 선행 연구라 판단된다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.977-985
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 단일영상과 동영상에서의 효율적인 비사실적 렌더링 기법을 제안한다. 단일영상의 경우에는 최근 단일영상 NPR 기법에서 많이 사용되는 플로우 기반 DoG 필터와 Bilateral 필터를 CUDA 환경에서 구현하여 실시간 처리가 가능하게 한다. 또한 동영상의 경우에는 기존의 NPR 동영상 방법인 매 프레임마다 단일영상 NPR 기법을 적용하여 생성하는 방법이 아닌 첫 프레임은 단일영상에 적용되는 NPR기법을 사용하여 스타일화 하고, 다음 프레임부터는 움직임 벡터를 기반으로 한 픽셀 맵핑을 사용하여 이전 프레임에서 움직임이 있는 픽셀의 밝기 값을 다음 프레임의 움직임 벡터 위치로 복사함으로써 불필요한 계산량을 줄이고, 프레임 간의 일관성 또한 유지시키는 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구에서는 실험을 통하여 그 성능을 증명하였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2010

Tobacco plants absorb cadmium from soil and accumulate it in high concentrations in their leaves. Additionally, a significant portion of the cadmium contained in cigarettes passes into the smoke. Cadmium is known to be a toxic and carcinogenic compound that has harmful effects on the human body due to smoking. In this study, the concentrations of cadmium in the Ky3R4F reference cigarette and two commercial cigarettes were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Each cigarette sample was partitioned into a tobacco rod and filter and then analyzed in order to determine the concentration of cadmium. The concentrations of cadmium in the mainstream smoke, ash, residue, and cigarette butt were also analyzed after the cigarettes were smoked under ISO smoking conditions. Transfer rates of the cadmium from the tobacco rod to the mainstream smoke, ash, and cigarette butt were 0.8 ~ 5%, 17 ~ 22%, and 5 ~ 7%, respectively. As a result, we estimated that the sidestream smoke contained about 70% of the cadmium from the tobacco rod.