• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.95-112
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• 2005

Hair styles, dresses and their ornaments are basic measures that show the trend of the times, the people and their life in both Eastern and Western societies. The history of a country could start or be extinguished at any time, but life goes on. Koguryo was founded around Anno Domini and fell at 668 A. D. What was Koguryo people like? How was their hair style and costume? This study aims to respond those questions. The Koguryo ancient mural paintings can be broadly divided into the Jip-An region and the Pyon-Yang region. Among the paintings found, that in the An-Ak 3rd ancient tomb at the Pyon-Yang region is the biggest and the most splendid. It is a figure genre painting, which contains a kitchen, a rice mill, a stable, a barn, a garage, etc. Those places illustrate the way of life at the time. The painting also comprises a man with a crown, who is seen as the king and owner of this tomb. The woman with a vertically designed hair style is perceived as the queen. A highly guarded and decorated royal parade is also presented in detail. The hair styles and costume evidence in the An-Ak 3rd ancient tomb are not seen in the paintings of the Jip-An region. This study inquires into the differences between the Pyon-Yang and lip-An regions through the history and the culture of those areas. Nevertheless, it could prove tentative to confirm the owner of the An-Ak 3rd ancient tomb with the only evidence of the words found in the wall of the tomb. It is the author's intention to study and analyse further.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.437-449
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• 2007

This paper deals with issues of GPS network adjustment for the purpose of determining the $3^{rd}$ order national geodetic control points based on the Korean Geodetic Datum which has newly adopted in the country since early 2003. After examining and arranging all the observations, GPS baseline analyses were performed to estimate baseline vectors between two control points. All the observations were divided into 17 block networks in order to accelerate the adjustment efficiency. After applying a minimally constrained adjustment technique to each of the block networks for the sake of detecting outliers and examining network precision, over constrained adjustments by fixing all of the $2^{nd}$ order control points within the block network were carried out to derive final coordinate sets. The final solutions indicated that the accuracy of the adjusted coordinates was better than 1cm and 2cm in the horizontal and vertical component, respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1981

Korean Medical Insurance Cooperation executed the physical checkup intended for all the members of public officials, school personnel in private schools, and the insured as a national-wide event in 1980. This is the result of a part of Taegu district and its contiguous country this hospital took charge of. Physical checkup method was divided into the first health examination and tile second health examination. The second health examination was executed for those who needed reexamination according to the result of the first health examination. After that, we passed judgement on the result finally. The total number of the first health examination was 10,779; 4,606 in public officials, 2,327 in police constables, 3,976 in school personnel in private schools. The classification of physical checkup is as follows; A group: normal groups B group: those who do not require immediate medical care but require preventive measures or who are doubtful of disease or who had undetermined diagnosis (attention) C group: those who require immediate medical care but who are able to be on duty (simple recuperation) D group: those who require immediate medical treatment and recuperation (suspension from office and recuperation) Total B group to the in the first health examination was 4.73%, that of total C,D groups 2.21%. That of total C,D groups to the total in the first health examination by occupation was 2.30% in public officials, 2.19% in police constables, 2.04% in school personnel. Consequently there was no different among occupations. Total C,D groups of hypertension to the total in the first health examination was 1.68% and hypertension was 76.05% to all disease. These rates mentioned to above were higher than any other rate in disease. Subsequently, being low, the rate of diabetes was 15.54%. From the view point of age, the higher rate appeared in men and women over 35 years old of B group and over 45 years old of C,D groups in three occupations in comparison with other ages and the older men were, the higher men who took a disease were.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2009

Recently, pay adjustment regulation (PAR) has been developed to induce better performing road pavements around the country. This regulation was successfully applied during rehabilitation of highway flexible pavements for the first time, and their results are the focus of this paper. For highway pavements, a lot has been defined by typical amount of works a day. This lot was further divided into several sublots depending on field conditions. According to AASHTO Quality Assurance Guide Specification, pay factors for each lot were statistically determined with field measurements of five performance indicators. And composite pay factors were calculated by accounting for the impact of individual performance indicators on a long-term performance of pavement. In 2008, the PAR was tested with asphalt overlays conducted at all six local headquarters of Korea Expressway Corporation. Also, concerns raised during implementation are discussed in this paper. Limited data used in this study showed that if all performance indicators fall within the construction limits with less variances final construction costs may increase by 50%, whereas 10% reduction in construction costs could be necessary if key performance indicators such as density do not meet the construction quality requirements.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.357-382
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to report the effects of self-directed and self-regulated learning programs on elementary, middle, and high school students through meta-analysis of previous studies. For this research, 22 of previous studies were selected which were all conducted in the country, and calculated the effect size of 'standardized change of the mean difference' for many factors included in each research. The findings were as follows: first, the overall effect sizes of self-directed and self-regulated learning programs on elementary, middle, and high school students were .665 and .702 in the affective and cognitive domain, respectively, meaning that the self-directed and self-regulated learning programs had average or greater effects on elementary, middle, and high school students and exerted somewhat greater effects in the cognitive domain. Second, when the areas of moderating effects were divided into self-directed and self-regulated learning, the former and latter had more influences on the cognitive and affective domains, respectively. Third, the elementary school level recorded a larger effect size both in the affective and cognitive domains than the secondary school level. Fourth, the findings show that the characteristics of affective domain, "reflective thinking" and "self-confidence," recorded a very large effect size both at the elementary and secondary school levels. Finally, the programs were more effective when the application period was one to four weeks in the affective domain and more than four weeks in the cognitive domain. And, Significance and implications of this research were discussed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.87-99
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyse the successful modernization strategy, and the difference between original Burberry and Burberry Prosum design. This will help in providing the fundamental information to Korean luxury fashion brands. Burberry, in particular, is rated as the most popular luxury brand in Korean fashion market. This brand has also rated 5th in sale worldwide and 1st in Korea in 2002, and was continuously been rated in 10th for the last 5 years. Related articles, fashion magazines, fashion web-site were used in this analysis, and the method was theoretical and case study. The results are divided into two categories of internal and external factors and two design patterns of check pattern and trench coat were observed. First of all, internal factor in Burberry is that they have scouted a new CEO and quickly changed their image with famous British models for the purpose of marketing strategies. They have also moved their main shop in London to Bond street, and opened shops in every country's capital cities. They were successful in achieving this by using celebrity marketing strategies with many famous celebrities. Secondly, external factor was that they have hired a designer named Christoper Bailey and this highlighted and enhanced the check pattern and trench coat. As a results, more generalized and diverse design items were presented and accessory line was enhanced, creating a much more younger image. This in turn attracted more younger customers. To sum up, original Burberry focused on classic designs, however Burberry Prosum focused on transforming traditional Burberry design into avant-garde and young. In other words, the reason for the success of this brand is highly dependent on its marketing strategies in which its uniqueness of schizophrenic cloche has appropriately represented and used in design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.557-563
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• 2004

Korean cadastral system keeps graphical maps made by the plane table method from 1910's. The fact is that the graphical maps grafted on paper cover about 95% of the whole land (MOGAHA, 1999). The needs are arising to transform the graphical cadastre to a digital one in compliance with modem technologies. Korean government has already digitise the old maps until last year. A nation-wide land information system, Parcel-based Land Information System, was established upon the digitised map database. However, the accuracy of the digitised coordinates hardly meet the citizens' needs because it cannot exceed that of the paper maps. The definite solution will be surveying all the parcels again and making new digital maps. However, commencing a project for resurveying 34 million parcels will require enormous amount of time and manpower. The strategy should be dividing the country into county-wise or grid-wise pieces and surveying one piece by one piece. Municipal governments of counties, cities or urban districts will be the propelling bodies of the project but the costs will hardly be affordable at a time. For the purpose of resolving the financial problem, each municipality can split its own project into smaller pieces by year base. There is accordingly a great possibility to create inconsistency over the divided project areas caused by different techniques applied, different equipments used and/or mismatches between the project borders. It provides some merits at the same time. The people in project completion areas will be satisfied with the enhanced accuracy and feel safe in land transaction and, in turn, soundly improves overall nation-wide economic situation. Therefore, the main issue of the thesis shows how to make the cadastral re-survey project scalable. Guidelines for how to perform the projects will be derived from a experienced case.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2002

It is proposed to raise the debate on Engineering and Technical Education at the global economic level and to examine some of the issues facing developing and poorer countries in managing and improving the quality of engineering education in their countries, especially in the context of internet and IT culture After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the world is now divided in two realigned blocks: one of developed(rich or advanced) countries which have a social security safety net for their population and another of developing(or poor) countries which have no such luxuries for their population. For the general public in the developing countries, any engineering or technical degree/diploma is a passport to lifelong wellbeing of an individual and his/her extended family. Therefore, the demand for such qualifications is very high and it is almost a rat race amongst school leavers to get into engineering/technical colleges. In view of this booming demand, there are hundreds of privately funded engineering/technical colleges in countries like Philippines, India, Thailand, etc., besides state funded ones. It is extremely difficult to ensure good quality in this mushrooming scenario. There are also many very small poorly resourced developing countries where there is only one engineering school and/or two-three technical colleges. Products of these schools/colleges work only in their own country and education globalization have little or no meaning for them. Besides highlighting the aforementioned general issues, the Paper also presents a few case studies on problems of accreditation and quality assessment in larger developing countries like India and the Philippines. The Paper also discusses the effects of commercialization on the quality of education and social impacts of IT revolution on educational processes.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2013

The fish fauna and disturbance of geographical distributions in the eastern Civilian Control Line of Korea were investigated from May to September 2012. Total 35 species sampled during the period were belonged to 13 families. There were 9 Korean endemic species (25.71%) that distributed in the flows into West and South Sea. Distributions of invasion fishes in the studied streams based on geographical distributions of freshwater fish were total 13 species that classified 1 species, C. cuvieri from foreign country and 12 species from other water systems. Hence there have been anthropogenically introduced from too many years ago. Also groups according to the similarities of each studied stations was divided into 4 groups by similarity 50% because difference in them was considered to effect of domestic invasion species. In conclusion, three streams in the eastern Civilian Control Line of Korea were invaded by many alien fishes. Therefore, we are considered to require precise investigation and monitoring for the preparations to management measure.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.808-815
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• 2005

A technical analysis was conducted to predict the development trends for heat pump system. This study was based on submitted patents from 1983 to 2002 in Korea, USA, and Japan. The total number of raw data from the registered database was 19,261 and the obtained data to be analyzed through the filtering process was 5,143. Japan's technical development for the heat pump system was more dominant than the other countries. Approximately $54\%$ of the total patents related with the heat pump system was registered by Japan. The number of patents for the heat pump system registered by Korea was very low in 1980's, but it increased rapidly in 1990's. As a result, the number of patents applied by Korea was $21\%$ of all patents. When the patent was categorized into compression, absorption/ad-sorption, and chemical type, the technology of compression type made up over $80\%$ in each country. Approximately $93\%$ of the patents surveyed in this study was developed for air or water source heat pumps because of easy applications compared with other heat sources. The $89\%$ of all patents was applied by companies when applicants were divided into three groups of company, individual, and the others (national institute, university, and so on).