• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.63-78
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• 2018

This study analyzed gender-fluid images as expressions of feminism and gender identity expressed in fashion collections. As for the research method, this study searched the fashion collections, with the theme of feminism, utilizing key words related to feminism on an online portal, and collected the photo materials of fashion collections provided by vogue.com. This study classified the photo materials of 31 fashion collections, with the theme of feminism, into femininity, masculinity, androgyny, and avant-garde, according to the fashion design elements that divide gender identity. As a result of the classification, 326 photos were collected, in which gender identity was expressed ambiguously. This study reclassified the collected photos according to their fashion items and styles. As a result of the study, it was noticed that the fashion collections with the theme of feminism expressed the messages, using lettering graphic images, and performance. In addition, they showed a form in which men's collections and women's collections were integrated according to the change of the perceptions of gender identity, of feminism, and delivered body positive expressions, respecting differences and diversity as individual subjects, by casting diverse models in terms of age, body size, race, and culture. As for the gender identity expressed in the fashion collections, the gender-fluid images were classified into empowerment images, that expresses social rights and dignity; agender images that expresses the possibility of a gender-flexible transition; rational images that expresses the rational and practical characteristics that removed the boundary of fashion; and images of pro-sexism that expresses a new gender identity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.88-94
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• 2009

We propose a scheme which reduce the computational complexity of the lattice reduction (LR) aided detector in MIMO system. The performance of the ML detection algorithm is good but the computational complexity grows exponentially with the number of antenna elements and constellation points. LR aided detector shows the same diversity with the ML scheme with relatively less complexity. But the LR scheme still requires many computations since it involves several iterations of size reduction and column vector exchange. We notice that the LR process depends not on the received signal but only on the channel matrix so we can apply LR process offline and store the results in Look-Up Table (LUT). In this paper we propose an algorithm to generate the LUT which require less memory requirement and we evaluate the performance and complexity of the proposed system. We show that the proposed system requires less computational complexity with similar detection performance compared with the conventional LR aided detector.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.227-246
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to generate theoretical and policy suggestions on the policy for elderly welfare by comparatively analyzing factors related to life satisfaction for the male and female elderly. The survey subjects were 403 people over 60 years old who lived in J city of Gyeongsangnam-do Province, with 214 male elderly and 189 female elderly participants. Factors, that commonly had aninfluence on life satisfaction in the male and female elderly included subjective health level and subjective economic level. A gender difference was apparent among the male and female elderly for the male elderly, age had a primary influence on life satisfaction. However, for the female elderly, academic background, religion, and frequency of contact with children had a large influence. Accordingly, the female elderly were seen to be influenced more by environment than the male elderly. This study will help to generate a comprehensive understanding of diversity among the male and female elderly, contribute to improving diverse elements in the environment and to laying out a plan an elderly welfare policy that will increase life satisfaction among the male and female elderly, and offer implications for further research that will be conducive to understanding the differences between male and female elderly people.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2016

Total mercury (TM) is a hazardous element that is of particular concern to human health. Due to the diversity of dietary habits among fishes, tissue-specific analysis of hazardous elements is necessary. In this study, the tissue-specific TM in cultured fish was analyzed to conduct risk assessment. The highest concentrations of TM were found in the farmed marine fish Pagrus major (0.111 mg/kg) and in the farmed freshwater fish Channa argus (0.162 mg/kg). TM concentration was significantly correlated with total fish length (P<0.01). Significant differences in TM were found between three types of fish tissue, with the concentration in fish muscle being significantly higher than those of gill or liver (P<0.01). Moreover, the tissue-specific TM concentrations of farmed freshwater fish were significantly higher than those of farmed marine fish (P<0.01). According to the risk assessment, the TM body exposure rate of muscle and liver in cultured fishes ranged from 0.001 to 0.389% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake. Therefore, these results showing the tissue-specific TM contents of cultured fish could be useful to assess the health risks of Korean dietary habits.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2004

Somaclonal variation, defined as phenotypic and genetic variations among regenerated plants from a parental plant, could be caused by changes in chromosome structure, single gene mutation, cytoplasm genetic mutation, insertion of transposable elements, and DNA methylation during plant regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate DNA variations among somaclonal variants from the cotyledonary node culture in soybean. A total of 61 soybean somaclones including seven $\textrm{R}_1$ lines and seven $\textrm{R}_2$ lines from Iksannamulkong as well as 27 $\textrm{R}_1$ lines and 20 $\textrm{R}_2$ lines from Jinju 1 were regenerated by organogenesis from the soybean cotyledonary node culture system. Field evaluation revealed no phenotypic difference in major agronomic traits between somaclonal variants and their wild types. AFLP and SSR analyses were performed to detect variations at the DNA level among somaclonal variants of two varieties. Based on AFLP analysis using 36 primer sets, 17 of 892 bands were polymorphic between Iksannamulkong and its somaclonal variants and 11 of 887 bands were polymorphic between Jinju 1 and its somaclonal variants, indicating the presence of DNA sequence change during plant regeneration. Using 36 SSR markers, two polymorphic SSR markers were detected between Iksannamulkong and its somaclonal variants. Sequence comparison amplified with the primers flanking Satt545 showed four additional stretches of ATT repeat in the variant. This suggests that variation at the DNA level between somaclonal variants and their wild types could provide basis for inducing mutation via plant regeneration and broadening crop genetic diversity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.541-551
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• 2016

In order to attain 'reality', technology, style and narrative have developed throughout the history of cinema. The projection of digital image necessitated a new perspective beyond the conventional relationship between film and reality. In the SF film, DISTRICT 9, strong realism elements are evident despite its genre. Advanced technologies enabled the digital images to vividly reproduce the realm of imagination. The encounter of the realistic approaches embedded in the style and narrative with the digital images emphasizes the social context of the cinematic background, as well as extending the potentialities of verisimilitude and perceptual realism. The amount of freedom in editing process derived from this film's documentary-like style opened a possibility for the effective delivery of the vast information-furthermore contributing to the realism of the film by encompassing the diversity that exists in the reality.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.607-615
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• 2003

Many organisms are known to survive in icy environments. These include both over wintering terrestrial insects and plants as well the marine fish inhabiting high latitudes. The adaptation of these organisms is both a fascinating and important topic in biology. Marine teleosts in particular, can encounter ice-laden seawater that is approximately $1^{\circ}C$ colder than the colligative freezing point of their body fluids. These animals produce a unique group of proteins, the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that absorb the ice nuclei and prevent ice crystal growth. Presently, there are at least four different AFP types and one AFGP type that are isolated from a wide variety of fish. Despite their functional similarity, there is no apparent common protein homology or ice-binding motifs among these proteins, except that the surface-surface complementarity between the protein and ice are important for binding. The remarkable diversity of these proteins and their odd phylogenetic distribution would suggest that these proteins might have evolved recently in response to sea level glaciations just 1-2 million years ago in the northern hemisphere and 10-30 million years ago around Antarctica. Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, has been used as a popular model to study the regulation of AFP gene expression. It has a built-in annual cycle of AFP expression controlled negatively by the growth hormone. The signal transduction pathways, transcription factors and promoter elements involved in this process have been studied in our laboratory and these studies will be presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.788-797
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• 2001

The usefulness of three PCR methods were evaluated for the epidemiological typing of Staphylococcus aureus: an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR), repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR (REP-PCR), and 16S-23S intergenic spacer PCR (ITS-PCR). The analysis was performed using a collection of S. aureus strains comprised of 6 reference and 79 isolates from patients with various diseases. Among the 85 S. aureus strains tested, 6 references and 6 isolates were found to be susceptible to methicillin, whereas the remaining 73 isolates were resistant to it. PCR methods are of special concern, as conventional phenotypic methods are unable to clearly distinguish among methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. The ability of the techniques to detect different unrelated types was found to be as follows: ERIC-PCR, 19 types; REP-PCR, 36 types; and ITS-PCR, 14 types. On the basis of combining the ERIC, REP, and ITS fingerprints, the 85 S. aureus strains were grouped into 56 genetic types (designated G1 to G56). The diversities for the 85 S. aureus strains, calculated according to Simpson\`s index, were 0.88 for an ERIC-PCR, 0.93 for a REP-PCR, and 0.48 for an ITS-PCR, and the diversity increased up to 0.97 when an ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR were combined. The above discrimination indices imply that the genetic heterogeneity of S. aureus strains is high. Accordingly, this study demonstrates that DNA sequences from highly conserved repeats of a genome, particularly a combination of ERIC sequences and REP elements, are a convenient and accurate tool for the subspecies-specific discrimination and epidemiologic tracking of S. aureus.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2004

This study is aiming at examining the possibilities to develop eco-friendly waterfront, and discusses characteristics of the organic worldview which has been emerged as new development or eco-friendly paradigm in recent science against the mechanical worldview of modem times. The orientation of waterfront development is characterized as unity, diversity, dynamics and mutuality. In addition, I examined the factors for waterfront design according to the locational, decorativeand visual properties of urban$.$architecture to find out concrete factors of its design. This study suggests the factors for waterfront design making use of organic properties, by examining the orientation for organic development of eco-friendly waterside environment and showing correlation between the factors of specific design, and their examples.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.4 no.2 s.8
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• pp.123-136
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• 1996

Lately, the demand for data standardization become increased to obtain various data jointly along with development of information technology and diversity of society. Thus the research on tile definition and evaluation of data quality indicating accuracy and confidence of geospatial data, is required for this standardization. In this study, by virtue of comparison of definitions and evaluation methods of data quality element being selected from representative countries, the following results were obtained: (1) Application of ISO/TC211's Draft having accepted evaluation standard to KSDTS(Korea Spatial Data Transfer Standard) is desirable for definitions of data quality elements. (2) This study presented the quality evaluation of much more resonable geospatial data accompaning with quality element. Furthermore, this study suggests that this evaluation be applicable to KSDTS and be contained in the digital map product specification of National Geography Institute with more clearness of a report form of data quality evaluation result. (3) Studies on various sampling methods, establishment of AQL(Acceptable Quality Level) suitable for our country, and computer programming which can rapidly and automatically evaluate mass much of data are required.