• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.459-465
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• 2006

Ambient noise as a background noise in the ocean has been well known for its the various and irregular signal characteristics. Generally, these signals we treated as noise and they are analyzed through stochastical level if they don't include definite sinusoidal signals. This study is to see how ocean ambient noise can be analyzed by the chaotic analysis technique. The chaotic analysis is carried out with underwater ambient noise obtained in areas near the Korean Peninsula. The calculated physical parameters of time series signal are as follows: histogram, self-correlation coefficient, delay time, frequency spectrum, sonogram, return map, embedding dimension, correlation dimension, Lyapunov exponent, etc. We investigate the chaotic pattern of noises from these parameters. From the embedding dimensions of underwater noises, the assesment of underwater noise by chaotic analysis shows similar results if they don't include a definite sinusoidal signal. However, the values of Lyapunov exponent (divergence exponent) are smaller than that of random noise signal. As a result we confirm the possibility of classification of underwater noise using Lyapunov analysis.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

Starting her business operation on January 5 2007, Taiwan High Speed Rail(THSR) shapes a new time-space frame for Taiwan western corridor, where more than 90% of national population lives around and more than 95% gross domestic product created from. Comparing with the four-hour traveling time by highway before 2007, THSR reduces the time required to one and half hours from Taipei to Kaohsiung. It will not only benefit the communication along the island from north to south, but also change the location advantages/disadvantages for all cities in these regions. Therefore, this paper establishes a spatial computable general equilibrium model(SCGE Model) to simulate the economic effect of High Speed Rail(HSR). This SCGE model divides Taiwan economy into fifteen geographic regions and thirteen industries. Each region has three sectors: household sector, transportation sector, and industries sector. Following the behavior function of economic theories, the general equilibrium can be achieved simultaneously. Thus, gross regional product (GRP), capital formation, employment income and welfare/utility level can be all observed by calculating the different economic result between cases with-/ without-HSR. Besides, this model presents the social welfare benefit from HSR operation, the polarization phenomenon among regions and within certain region, unbalance distribution of welfare along the HSR line, and industries development divergence among regions etc. These major findings should be useful for regional development policy making.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1896-1912
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• 2007

Starting her business operation on January 5 2007, Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) shapes a new time-space frame for Taiwan western corridor, where more than 90% of national population lives around and more than 95% gross domestic product created from. Comparing with the four-hour traveling time by highway before 2007, THSR reduces the time required to one and half hours from Taipei to Kaohsiung. It will not only benefit the communication along the island from north to south, but also change the location advantages/disadvantages for all cities in these regions. Therefore, this paper establishes a spatial computable general equilibrium model (SCGE Model) to simulate the economic effect of High Speed Rail (HSR). This SCGE model divides Taiwan economy into fifteen geographic regions and thirteen industries. Each region has three sectors: household sector, transportation sector, and industries sector. Following the behavior function of economic theories, the general equilibrium can be achieved simultaneously. Thus, gross regional product (GRP), capital formation, employment income and welfare/utility level can be all observed by calculating the different economic result between cases with-/ without-HSR. Besides, this model presents the social welfare benefit from HSR operation, the polarization phenomenon among regions and within certain region, unbalance distribution of welfare along the HSR line, and industries development divergence among regions etc. These major findings should be useful for regional development policy making.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.796-804
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• 2017

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been integrated into vertebrate genomes and have momentously affected host organisms. Horses (Equus caballus) have been domesticated and selected for elite racing ability over centuries. ERVs played an important role in the evolutionary diversification of the horse genome. In the present study, we identified six equine ERV families (EqERVs-E1, I1, M2, P1, S1, and Y4), their full-length viral open reading frames (ORFs), and elucidated their phylogenetic relationships. The divergence time of EqERV families assuming an evolutionary rate of 0.2%/Myr indicated that EqERV-S3 (75.4 million years ago; mya) on chromosome 10 is an old EqERV family and EqERV-P5 (1.2 Mya) on chromosome 12 is a young member. During the evolutionary diversification of horses, the EqERV-I family diverged 1.7 Mya to 38.7 Mya. Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) amplification of EqERV pol genes showed greater expression in the cerebellum of the Jeju horse than the Thoroughbred horse. These results could contribute further dynamic studies for horse genome in relation to EqERV gene function.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

The objective of this research is to investigate the artistic meaning of "infinity," manifested by the fourth dimensional value in the genres of photography and architecture, by analyzing how Sugimoto Hiroshi's photographic spatio-temporal infinity transfers to his architectural approaches. The research is initiated by scrutinizing the themes, characteristics, techniques, and artistic meaning of Sugimoto's famous photographic series, including "Seascapes," "Theatres," and "Architecture"; the concept of infinity can be defined as infinite divergence and infinitesimal convergence between antithetical concepts in time, space, and being. Sugimoto's photographic works display "temporal infinity" by connecting ancient times, the present, and the future; "spatial infinity" by offering the potential for transformation from flat photographs into infinite three-dimensional space and fourth-dimensional concepts through time; and "existential infinity" of life and death by making us think about being and essence, being and time, and origin and religion. These perspectives are also used to analyze Sugimoto's architectural works, such as "Appropriate Proportion" and "Glass Tea House Mondrian." As a result, the research finds that in Sugimoto's architectural approaches, spatio-temporal infinity between antithetical values is manifested through the concept of origin, geometric form, extended axis, immaterial threshold, transparent materiality, and connectivity of light and shadow, provoking our existence to transcend into infinity itself.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2002

A new PVC-membrane electrode for $Ag^+$ ion based on a thia-substituted macrocyclic diamide has been prepared. The electrode exhibited a Nernstian response for $Ag^+$ over a wide concentration range $(1.7{\times}10^{-6}-1.0{\times}10^{-1}M)$. It has a response time <15 s and can be used for at least 3 months without divergence. The proposed membrane sensor revealed good selectivities for $Ag^+$ over a variety of metal ions and can be used in a pH range 3.0-7.5. It has been used successfully for direct determination of $Ag^+$ in different real samples and, as an indicator electrode, in the titration of silver ion.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2008

In this paper a novel feature extraction and selection is carried out in order to improve the discriminating capability between healthy and damaged structure using vibration signals. Although many feature extraction and selection algorithms have been proposed for vibration signals, most proposed approaches don't consider the discriminating ability of features since they are usually in unsupervised manner. We proposed a novel feature extraction and selection algorithm selecting few wavelet coefficients with higher class discriminating capability for damage detection and class visualization. We applied three class separability measures to evaluate the features, i.e. T test statistics, divergence, and Bhattacharyya distance. Experiments with vibration signals from truss structure demonstrate that class separabilities are significantly enhanced using our proposed algorithm compared to other two algorithms with original time-based features and Fourier-based ones.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.10 no.4 s.31
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• pp.32-38
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• 2005

Present study simulates oscillatory supersonic impinging jet flows using the axisymmetric Navier-Stokes code. To capture the salient features of flow oscillation and overcome the divergence during the initial transient period, several tests have been conducted for the grid and time step sizes. The results also show that the effects of the inlet flow condition at the nozzle exit and turbulence on the oscillatory behavior of supersonic impinging jets are negligible. Frequencies of the surface pressure oscillation obtained by the selected numerical method are in good accord with the measured impinging tones for various cases of nozzle-to-plate distance. Two seemingly different staging behaviors with nozzle-to-plate distance and nozzle pressure variations are found to correlate well if the frequency and distance are normalized by the length of the first shock cell.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.195-201
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• 1996

This paper is mainly forcused on the application of modal analysis In analyze the geometrically non-linear buckling behaviors of large span spatial structures, and the evaluation of each eigen mode affected post-buckling behaviors and buckling loads. Modal analysis is applied . to derivation of the system matrices transforming actual displacement space into generalized coordinates space represented by coefficients multiplied in the linear combination of eigen modes which are independent and orthogonal each other. By using modal analysis method, it will be expected to save the calculating time by computer extremely. For example, we can obtain the satisfactorily good results by using about 7% of total eigen modes only in case of single layer latticed dome. And we can decrease the possibility of divergence on the bifurcation point in the calculation of post-buckling path. Arc-length method and Newton-Raphson iteration method are used to calculate the nonlinear equilibrium path.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2005

This paper proposes a nonlinear fuzzy PID controller with variable parameters to improve slow rising time and divergence occurred by limited input spaces and a resultant limited control input during fuzzification in a fuzzy PID controller with fixed parameters, and describes the design principle and tracking performance of a proposed fuzzy PID controller. The parameters of a proposed controller are adjusted by the stability conditions derived from 'small gain theorem' and satisfy the BIBO stability of overall control system.