• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.291-301
• /
• 2013

This study researched and compared the sedimentation environment and photosynthetic pigments at Gomso (GS) -bay, Yoja (YJ) -bay and KangJin (KJ) -bay in May, 2012. It was shown that KJ-bay consist of C (clay) and M (mud), and GS-bay consists of Zs (silty sand) and Sz (sandy silt). Averagely, IL of YJ-bay was 4.98%, KJ-bay 6.10%, and GS-bay 1.45%. As for COD concentration, there were no places that exceeded Japanese sediment contamination standard 20 mg/g-dry. As for AVS concentration, in case of KJ-bay, two places exceeded Japanese sediment contamination standard 0.2 mg/g-dry. If we look into the average C/N ratio of bays, YJ-bay showed 8.50, KJ-bay 6.60, and GS-bay 5.52, thus all of them showed the characteristic of oceanic origin. As for the plankton make-up classified by photosynthetic pigments, diatom was dominant, and both ratios of pigment and C/chlorophyll. a showed the relatively lower distribution at GS-bay than at KJ-bay and YJ-bay. It is judged that this is related to the characteristic of flow-in, and it implies that predation process and decomposition by organic matters actively occurs at YJ-bay and KJ-bay.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.177-187
• /
• 1996

Time-temperature relationship and microbiological quality were assessed and critical control points were identified through hazard analysis during the phases of production in two different packaged meals (Dosirak) manufacturing establishments (A, B:Kim Pab). Microbiological tests on foods, equipments and utensils were done according to standard procedures and included total plate count, coliforms and fecal coliforms. The results of the study are summarized as follows : time-temperature control management was needed because time-temperature abuse more than 8 hours at dangerous temperature zone (5-6$0^{\circ}C$) was observed from pre-preperation to distribution phase; Poor sanitary practices of employees were observed in hand washing and using disposable gloves; Microbiological analysis results of equirpments and utensils showed possible cross-contamination risks when foods were contacted with them; Kim Pab needed thorough quality control because it included various mixed ingredients of cooked and uncooked and had many apportunities of cross-contamination either by equipments or hands through whole production processes.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.520-525
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to detect Enterococcus spp. strain, a fecal contamination indicator, by PCR assay from short neck clams Venerupis philippinarum in Cheonsu Bay area, Chu Island area and Wonsan Island area, the west coast of Korea, from November 2022 to February 2023 of Enterococcus spp. strain was detected in 19 (79.2%) among 24 samples, and its concentration ranged from <18 to 33,000 MPN (most probable number)/100 g. The 269 isolated Enterococcus spp. strains were identified by PCR assay, and Enterococcus spp. distribution in short neck clams were E. faecium (39.8%), E. faecalis (23.0%), E. hirae (21.9%), E. gallinarum (10.4%), E. casseliflavus (1.5%), E. durans (1.5%) and unidentified strains (1.9%). Thus, E. faecium was the most dominant strain followed by E. faecalis. Overall, these results provide novel insight into the necessity for shellfish sanitation in the sea and could help reduce the fecal contamination risk.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2511-2514
• /
• 2008

As the minimum feature size decreases, techniques to avoid contamination and processes to maintain clean wafer surfaces have become very important. The deposition and detachment of nanoparticles from surfaces are major problem to integrated circuit fabrication. Therefore, cleaning technology which reduces nanoparticles is essential to increase yield. Previous megasonic cleaning technology has reached the limits to reduce nanoparticles. Megasonic cleaning is one of the efficiency method to reduce contamination nanoparticle. Two major mechanisms are active in a megasonic cleaning, namely, acoustic streaming and cavitation. Acoustic streaming does not lead to sufficiently strong force to cause damage to the substrates or patterns. Sonoluminescence is a phenomenon of light emission associated with the cavitation of a bubble under ultrasound. We studied a correlation between sonoluminescence and sound pressure distribution for the minimum of pattern damage in megasonic cleaning.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제23권8호
• /
• pp.132-144
• /
• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to suggest countermeasures to reduce the damage of manufacturers in halal industries and to increase the transparency of the halal market along with raising some problems of halal supply chain management (HSCM). Design/methodology/approach - To achieve to the aim of this research, halal supply chain is categorized as a green zone or a red zone according to the possibility of cross-contamination, and the study introduces 2 examples in Malaysia and Indonesia regarding cross-contamination. Findings - More than 70% of the companies producing halal-certified products are, ironically, non-Muslim suppliers under the halal certificate system and by using halal supply chain. Most Muslim countries do not exercise control over the completed halal supply chain. In most Muslim countries which do not exercise control over halal supply chain properly, there is always a possibility of cross-contamination of products during the processes of distribution. Research limitations/implications - This research has been conducted by accessing cases in halal supply chain. These cases are found in some Muslim countries, not all Muslim countries. Nevertheless, the authors found the possibility of these cross-contaminations in all Muslim countries, and it will damage the halal market. Originality/value - While existing studies have focused on protecting Muslim consumers by ensuring the integrity of halal products in halal supply chain, there is no research on how to protect halal product manufacturers as another important axis of halal SCM.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2006

Recently, diagnosis techniques have been investigated to detect a Partial Discharge associated with a dielectric material defect in a high voltage electrical apparatus, However, the properties of detection technique of Partial Discharge aren't completely understood because the physical process of Partial Discharge. Therefore, this paper analyzes the process on surface discharge of polymer insulator using wavelet transform. Wavelet transform provides a direct quantitative measure of spectral content in the time~frequency domain. As it is important to develop a non-contact method for detecting the kaolin contamination degree, this research analyzes the electromagnetic waves emitted from Partial Discharge using wavelet transform. This result experimentally shows the process of Partial Discharge as a two-dimensional distribution in the time-frequency domain. Feature extraction parameter namely, maximum and average of wavelet coefficients values, wavelet coefficients value at the point of $95\%$ in a histogram and number of maximum wavelet coefficient have used electromagnetic wave signals as input signals in the preprocessing process of neural networks in order to identify kaolin contamination rates. As result, root sum square error was produced by the test with a learning of neural networks obtained 0.00828.

• 정보학연구
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.113-118
• /
• 2004

기존의 누설전류기법에서 한층 진일보된 비접촉식 수신용 안테나를 이용하여 복잡한 지역과 광범위한 지역에서 효율적인 고분자 애자의 오손정도를 진단하기 위하여 본 연구를 착수하였다. 착수된 연구는 가공된 챔버 내 설치된 고분자애자에 인위적으로 카올린과 소금을 혼합후 증류수에 혼합하여 인공 오손실시 후 방사전자파와 스페트럼 그리고 부분방전전하량을 동시에 측정 후 전자파 신호에 대한 카올린의 오손정도에 대한 특징추출을 위하여 다우비치 이산웨이블렛 변환기법에 적용 후 각각의 통계적인 파라미터의 특징을 추출하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2016

Background: Any real application of Bayesian inference must acknowledge that both prior distribution and likelihood function have only been specified as more or less convenient approximations to whatever the analyzer's true belief might be. If the inferences from the Bayesian analysis are to be trusted, it is important to determine that they are robust to such variations of prior and likelihood as might also be consistent with the analyzer's stated beliefs. Materials and Methods: The robust Bayesian inference was applied to atmospheric dispersion assessment using Gaussian plume model. The scopes of contaminations were specified as the uncertainties of distribution type and parametric variability. The probabilistic distribution of model parameters was assumed to be contaminated as the symmetric unimodal and unimodal distributions. The distribution of the sector-averaged relative concentrations was then calculated by applying the contaminated priors to the model parameters. Results and Discussion: The sector-averaged concentrations for stability class were compared by applying the symmetric unimodal and unimodal priors, respectively, as the contaminated one based on the class of ${\varepsilon}$-contamination. Though ${\varepsilon}$ was assumed as 10%, the medians reflecting the symmetric unimodal priors were nearly approximated within 10% compared with ones reflecting the plausible ones. However, the medians reflecting the unimodal priors were approximated within 20% for a few downwind distances compared with ones reflecting the plausible ones. Conclusion: The robustness has been answered by estimating how the results of the Bayesian inferences are robust to reasonable variations of the plausible priors. From these robust inferences, it is reasonable to apply the symmetric unimodal priors for analyzing the robustness of the Bayesian inferences.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.664-668
• /
• 2016

무단 폐기물 투기로 인해 토양, 지하수, 하천 등 환경오염이 심각해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 J시에서 발생된 무단 투기 유류를 분석함으로써 어떤 유종인지를 분석하였다. 물, 고형불순물, 유류 혼합물 형태를 전처리하여 균질한 유류성분을 얻은 뒤, 물성분석, 원소분석, 및 가스크로마토그래피를 이용해 분석한 결과, 11.8%의 산소함량, $-6^{\circ}C$의 유동점, 크로마토그램의 패턴 결과 식물성기름으로 판단하였다. 또한 어떤 식물성 기름인지 알기 위해 HPLC를 이용해 구성성분을 분석한 결과, LLO, OOL, POL이 높은 비율로 분석되어졌으며, 이는 대두유가 주성분이면서 다른 식물성기름의 혼합형태인 폐유로 최종 판단하였다. 본 연구를 통해 향후, 불법 투기되는 유류에 대한 유종 구분 및 오염원인자 판단을 위해 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.485-492
• /
• 2017

이 연구는 수확 및 유통 단계에서 딸기의 미생물 오염 수준을 확인하고 수확 단계에서 사용 된 작업자 장갑을 교체하고 유통 온도를 제어함으로써 딸기에 대한 미생물 오염을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 확인하고자 하였다. 모니터링 결과 수확 단계에서 일반세균의 오염 수준은 토양 평균 $7.12{\pm}0.61{\log}_{10}CFU/g$, 장갑 평균 $6.06{\pm}1.80{\log}_{10}CFU/g$, 딸기 평균 $3.28{\pm}0.98{\log}_{10}CFU/g$, 용수 평균 $3.08{\pm}0.55{\log}_{10}CFU/g$ 순으로 높았다. 수확 단계의 딸기에서 평균적으로 $3.3{\log}_{10}CFU/g$의 일반세균이 검출되었으며, 저온 및 상온에서 각각 분포 된 딸기에서 $1.85{\pm}0.21{\log}_{10}CFU/g$ 및 $2.6{\pm}0.21{\log}_{10}CFU/g$수준의 일반세균 수가 확인되어 수확단계보다는 감소된 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 작업자의 장갑 교체 및 냉장 유통 조건에 따라 딸기의 일반세균은 작업자의 장갑을 교체하지 않고 처리 한 딸기와 실온에서 유통 한 딸기의 일반세균 수준보다 유의적으로 낮게 확인되었다. 교체 된 장갑을 재활용하기 위해 시판 소독제 clorox로 세척하는 것과 삶아서 세척하는 것은 사용 후 작업자의 장갑에서 오염 된 미생물을 제어하기 위한 효과적인 세척 방법임이 확인되었다. 이 결과는 수확 단계에서 장갑을 주기적으로 교체하고 현장에서 쉽게 수행 할 수 있는 냉장 유통 조건이 딸기의 미생물 오염을 감소시키는데 효과적이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.