• Title/Summary/Keyword: Distribution of contamination

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Detection of Microbial Contamination in Commercial Berries

  • Cho, Kyu-Bong
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.333-338
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    • 2017
  • This study was performed to assess microbial contamination of Aronia melanocarpa, blueberry, raspberry, and cranberry sold in several markets. We investigated total aerobic bacteria and detected foodborne bacteria by multiplex PCR from Aronia melanocarpa, blueberry, raspberry, and cranberry. Total aerobic bacteria of each sample showed mean 3.54 log CFU/g for Aronia melanocarpa, mean 1.90 log CFU/g for blueberry, and mean 1.40 log CFU/g for raspberry, but not detected in cranberry. Specially, Aronia melanocarpa contained high total aerobic bacteria contamination among various berries and contamination level reached 4.17 log CFU/g in sample 5. To evaluate the effect of distribution conditions, we also investigated total aerobic bacteria of various berries. Total aerobic bacteria showed mean 2.89 log CFU/g for berries in refrigerated distribution and 1.40 log CFU/g in frozen distribution, but not in dry distribution. For assessment of foodborne bacteria contamination, we conducted PCR with multiplex primers of E. coli O157, S. aureus, B. cereus, V. parahaemolyticus, L. monocytogenes, Y. enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. Among these foodborne bacteria, B. cereus was amplified in Aronia melanocarpa in sample 4 and blueberry in sample 1, 2, 3, and 5. The result of quantitative analysis of B. cereus contamination showed 4.08 log CFU/g of Aronia melanocarpa in sample 4 and higher contamination rate 4.07 log CFU/g of blueberry in sample 3. These results suggest that strict food safety control in harvest and distribution of various berries is necessary to prevent foodborne disease and improve microbiological safety.

Harmonics Analysis of Leakage Current due to Artificial Contamination of Distribution Arresters (배전용 피뢰기의 인공오손에 의한 누설전류의 고조파 분석)

  • Park, Jae-Jun
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.61 no.9
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    • pp.1306-1313
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    • 2012
  • This paper reports the contamination performance of two distribution arresters (new and used ones) tested under three different contaminant conditions - clean fog, ESDD (equivalent salt deposit density) level (A, B, C, and D), and kaolin contamination conditions, and their leakage current, total leakage current, and component of the resistive leakage current were measured in order to diagnose arrester deterioration. The 3rd harmonics was larger than 5th and 7th ones for the arrester under the clean fog, and as the ESDD contamination level was applied, 5th one became relatively larger than 3rd one. Therefore, these results indicated that the resistive leakage current could be used for the diagnosis of the arresters.

The Distribution of Salt Contamination with the Influence of Geographical Condition (지리적 영향에 따른 염해 오손물질의 분포에 관한 연구)

  • 최남호;국연호;조성인;박강식;한상옥
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2000.07a
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    • pp.695-698
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    • 2000
  • This paper present the result of the investigation, the distribution of salt contamination with the influence of geographical condition. To get the ESDD data, a conventional brush washing method was adapted, and IC(ion chromatography) was used to measure the quantity of anions, such as Cl$\^$-/ and SO$_4$$\^$2-/. And we make an analysis on the distribution of salt contamination with the increase of distance from shore. With 10 month ESDD data, we seek the 95% ESDD value with interpolation method. With these analyses, we had obtained the formulation concerned with the distance from sea. And could know the composition of contamination.

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Distribution Functions Describing the Microbiological Contamination of Seasoned Soybean Sprouts

  • Park, Jin-Pyo;Lee, Dong-Sun;Paik, Hyun-Dong
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.659-663
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    • 2008
  • Different statistical distribution functions were examined to find an adequate distribution function to describe the microbial contamination behavior of a Korean side dish product, seasoned soybean sprouts for different seasons and market groups. The triang distribution was the best for any market groups in winter, while the logistic distribution could describe the microbial contamination in log CFU/g for all the market groups in spring and summer. From parametric bootstrapping based on the fitted distributions, it was found that a normal distribution could describe the distribution of mean microbial count in log CFU/g for all the seasons and market groups. Statistical parameters for each season/market group are presented to estimate the confidence interval.

The Distribution of Salt Contamination with the Influence of Geographical Condition (지리적 영향에 따른 염해 오손물질의 분포에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, T.I.;Yang, B.M.;Kang, Y.W.;Han, S.O.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.07c
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    • pp.1782-1784
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    • 2000
  • This paper present the result of the investigation, the distribution of salt contamination with the influence of. geographical condition. To get the ESDD data, a conventional brush washing method was adapted, and IC(ion chromatography) was used to measure the quantity of anions, such as $Cl^-$ and ${SO_{4}}^{2-}$. And we make an analysis on the distribution of salt contamination with the increase of distance from shore. With 10 month ESDD data, we seek the 95% ESDD value with interpolation method. With these analyses, we had obtained the formulation concerned with the distance from sea. And could know the composition of contamination.

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The Effect of the Wind Direction and Velocity on the Salt Contamination of the Distribution Facilities (풍향 및 풍속이 배전설비의 염분오손에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Chan-Young;Kim, Dong-Myung;Kwon, Tae-Ho;Chun, Sung-Nam
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.499-500
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    • 2006
  • The salt contamination on the distribution facilities was investigated with the wind direction and velocity. Most previous researches were concentrated on the measurement of The Equivalent Salt Deposit Density(ESDD) without environmental consideration. The wind direction and velocity of the many environmental conditions are the most important factors to analyze salt contamination. Pohang area which is located on the south and east of the Korean Peninsula was chosen to do this research. This research will present the result of ESDD depending on the wind direction and velocity.

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Anti-Contamination Capability of Gas Insulated Switch for Distribution Line (배전용 가스개폐기의 내 오손 성능향상 대책)

  • Kim, Ju-Yang;Song, Il-Keun;Kim, Chan-Young;Han, Jae-Hong
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1998.11c
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    • pp.758-760
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    • 1998
  • This paper provides the results of performance investigation of gas insulated switches(G/S) for distribution power system. In order to investigate anti-contamination capability of G/S we carried out electrical tests and material analysis on the body of G/S and it's accessories. Through this experiment we found out the lead cable of G/S had not anti-contamination capability and G/S had insufficient interval between each phase. In order to improve the performance of G/S for heavy contamination area it is indispensable to replace the lead cable to the new cable which has anti-contamination ability.

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An Experimental Study on the Light Transmission Characteristics with Oil Contamination (윤활유 오염에 따른 광투과율 변화에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 조성용;장철주;공호성;윤의성;한흥구
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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    • 2001.06a
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    • pp.287-298
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    • 2001
  • Change in light transmission characteristics caused by various types of oil contaminations was experimentally measured with a built-in type wear monitoring device. Three kinds of iron powders of different size distribution, carbon dust, two kinds of solutions and grease were used for the lest contaminants in this work. Light intensity of the transmitted light was treasured with the contamination level. Results showed that the transmitted light intensity decreased linearly with the contamination concentration in the oil and the slope was affected by the size distribution. Light attenuation was also caused greatly by carbon dust, water contamination and polymeric fibers mainly due to the light absorption. As a result, it was proved that the optical measurement device could be applicable effectively for detecting any significant change iii lubricating oils.

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An Experimental Study on the Light Transmission Characteristics with Oil Contamination (윤활유 오염에 따른 광투과율 변화에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 조성용;장철주;공호성;윤의성;한흥구
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.17 no.6
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    • pp.482-489
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    • 2001
  • Changes in light transmission characteristics caused by various types of oil contaminations were experimentally measured with a built-in type wear monitoring device. Three kinds of iron powders of different size distribution, carbon duct, two kinds of solutions and grease were used for the test contaminants in this work. Light intensity of the transmitted light was measured with the contamination level. Results showed that the transmitted light intensity decreased linearly with the contamination concentration in the oil and the slope was affected by the size distribution. Light attenuation was also caused greatly by carbon dust, water contamination and poly-meric fibers in terms of the light absorption. As a result, it was proved that the optical measurement device could be applicable effectively for detecting any significant change in lubricating oils.

Insulating Characteristics of the Distribution Facilities due to Grade of Salt Contamination (오손등급에 따른 배전기자재의 절연특성 연구)

  • Kwon, Tae-Ho;Kim, Dong-Myung;Kim, Ju-Young
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2007.07a
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    • pp.1490-1491
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    • 2007
  • The salt contamination on the distribution facilities, such as suspension insulator, line post insulator, lightning arrester, COS, is one of the major coastal areas because more than 90% of salt contaminated failure occurs in distribution facilities. Did to stain distribution facilities artificially according to Equivalent Salt Deposit Density(ESDD) grade. The electrical test were performed on the non-polluted and polluted facilities(ESDD B, C, D grade).

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