• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.26-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the equity of health care utilization by income groups in terms of both quantity and quality of care, which is measured by expenditure, type of care, and type of health care institutions. Equity in health care utilization is measured by HIwv index, based on the survey of 1,480 Gwangju-Jeonnam residents. Health care utilization in terms of the probability and quantity of outpatient and inpatient care show equitable or pro-poor inequitable distribution, whereas the distribution of health care expenditure, which can account for the quality of care, is pro-rich inequitable, implying that the better off tend to use more expensive medical care. In terms of the types of care, simple visits for basic care show equitable distribution, whereas the distribution of the utilization of traditional tonic medicine, comprehensive health examination, CT, MRI, and ultrasound is pro-rich inequitable. Utilization of general hospitals and traditional health institutions show pro-rich inequitable distribution, hospitals and dental care institutions equitable, and physician clinics and public health centers pro-poor inequitable.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Purpose: Public sector is usually not an attractive career choice for the youths, due to the uncompetitive income and the working environment. Therefore, understanding the motivations of the Generation Z, the currently early-career employees, to work in the public sector is important. This research aims to address a gap in the literature on the linkage between Personality Traits of Generation Z and Public Service Motivation (PSM). Research Design, Data, and Methodology: Using the sample of Vietnamese generation Z, it shows how individual personality, as defined by the Big Five, affects PSM. A quantitative survey of 355 university students, who are members of this generation and are preparing to join the labor market, was undertaken. We used SEM to examine the results. Results: Our findings show that Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness are significant antecedents of PSM. Agreeableness, which leads to three PSM dimensions, namely Compassion, Self-Sacrifice, and Commitment to Public Values, is the best predictor of this motivation. Meanwhile, Neuroticism and Conscientiousness only affect the dimension of Compassion. Conclusion: This study adds to the limited current knowledge on the personality-PSM relationship among generation Z. The distribution of affective (Compassion, Self-Sacrifice) and norm-based (Commitment to Public Values) motives provide insight for both career counselors and recruiters in public service delivery.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of investing into technology development on banking performance in an emerging country. Research design, data and methodology: Based on the data of 12 commercial banks listed in Vietnam from 2011 to 2019 and performing multivariable regression analyses as well as conducting a variety of robustness tests, we carry out the empirical investigation to discover this impact. Results: Our empirical evidence shows that these spending help to improve significantly performance of banks. Particularly, the technology expenditures have positive effect on the net interest margin and the non-interest income in which the level of influence on the latter is relatively remarkable in comparison with the former. At the same time, the result does not support the view that increasingly spending on technology may lead banks to face the risk of instability. Conclusions: Overall, our empirical analysis indicates that increasing investment into distribution information and communication technologies will help to enhance business strategies of banks and thus we advocate the bright side of technology development and digitalization in banking sector. We believe that the research is useful for both managers, regulators and policy makers in Vietnam as well as in countries having similar financial structure.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.97-111
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• 1990

본고에서는 소득(所得) 또는 부(富)의 불평등도(不平等度)가 상속과정(相續過程)에 의해 야기 될 경우, 재분배적(再分配的) 상속세(相續稅)의 도입이 소득분포(所得分布)의 불균등도(不均等度) 및 사회후생(社會厚生)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 유산동기가 서로 다른 개인(個人)들로 구성된 중복세대 모형을 설정하여 상속세율(相續稅率)의 변화시 정체균형간(停滯均衡間)의 비교정학적 분석을 통하여 분배(分配) 및 후생효과(厚生效果)를 고찰하였다. 본고의 분석에 의하면 비례적(比例的) 상속세(相續稅)를 이용한 재분배정책(再分配政策)은 소득분포(所得分布)의 불균등도(不均等度)를 완화시키는 역할을 하나, 장기적(長期的)으로 평균소득(平均所得) 및 자본량(資本量)에 미치는 효과는 효용함수(效用函數)의 형태(形態)에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 또한 조세왜곡(組稅歪曲)에 의한 후생상실효과(厚生喪失效果)로 말미암아 상속세율(相續稅率)의 증가가 재분배효과(再分配效果) 및 정(正)의 장기소득효과(長期所得效果)를 갖더라도 사회후생(社會厚生)은 오히려 감소할 수 있음을 보였다. 경험적(經驗的)으로 합당(合當)하리라 기대되는 상수(常數)값을 이용한 수량적(數量的) 시뮬레이션 결과에 의하면, 실질이자율(實質利子率)이 그 황금률 수준보다 높고 한계효용(限界效用)의 탄성치(彈性値)가 충분히 클 경우에 한하여 상속세율(相續稅率)의 증가는 분배개선효과(分配改善效果)와 아울러 공리주의적 사회후생함수(社會厚生函數)의 값을 높일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 만일 이러한 조건이 충족되지 않을 경우 상속세(相續稅)를 이용한 소득재분배정책(所得再分配政策)은 오히려 사회후생(社會厚生)을 낮추는 하향평준화(下向平準化)을 효과(效果)만을 갖게 될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the price-quality satisfaction focus on clothing. For the purpose, a survey was conducted using questionnaires. Frequency distribution, Percentile, Mean , One-Way ANOVA , Scheffe test, t-test, were used for data analysis. The main result are as follows. First, in general the price-quality satisfaction was somewhat high. Second, the price quality satisfaction was influenced by social economic variables (age , income, education) consumer attitude, and market environment.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-252
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• 2020

This paper characterizes the optimal reciprocal trade policy in the environment of Melitz (2003) with firm productivity heterogeneity. In particular, without making parametric assumptions on firm productivity distribution, this paper derives the optimal degree of reciprocal tariff reductions that maximize the world welfare. A reciprocal import subsidy raises the industry productivity, lowering aggregate price; a reciprocal import tariff helps correct the markup distortion, increasing nominal income. With all the conflicting effects of import tariffs on welfare considered, the optimal degree of reciprocity in multilateral tariff reduction is shown to be free trade.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.94-108
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• 1982

소득분포에 관한 연구는 경제이론의 측면에서나 사회정의의 차원에서 많은 연구자들의 관심의 초점이 되어 왔다. 특히 경제 성장과 개발의 과정에서 그 과실의 분배효과가 장기적으로 공동체로서의 사회적 개발의식에 미치는 영향이 크다는 사실에 비추어 이 문제는 단순히 기능적인 측면에서의 고찰보다는 체제와 이념적인 차원으로서의 문제로 발전되고, 또한 이 차원에서 구명되는 주요과제로 남게 되었다. 이 논문은 RGKO 방정식을 소개하는 절은 서론뒤에 후속시켰고, 이에 따라 가설의 공리성을 그다음 절에서 밝히고 있으며, 그 뒤로는 구체적인 추정절차를 논술하고, 끝으로 결론과 부록을 첨부하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2010

Protection against disclosure of survey respondents' identifiable and/or sensitive information is a prerequisite for statistical agencies that release microdata files from their sample surveys. Coarsening is one of popular methods for protecting the confidentiality of the data. Grouped data can be released in the form of microdata or tabular data. Instead of releasing the data in a tabular form only, having microdata available to the public with interval codes with their representative values greatly enhances the utility of the data. It allows the researchers to compute covariance between the variables and build statistical models or to run a variety of statistical tests on the data. It may be conjectured that the variance of the interval data is lower that of the ungrouped data in the sense that the coarsened data do not have the within interval variance. This conjecture will be investigated using the uniform and triangular distributions. Traditionally, midpoint is used to represent all the values in an interval. This approach implicitly assumes that the data is uniformly distributed within each interval. However, this assumption may not hold, especially in the last interval of the economic data. In this paper, we will use three distributional assumptions - uniform, Pareto and lognormal distribution - in the last interval and use either midpoint or median for other intervals for wage and food costs of the Statistics Korea's 2006 Household Income and Expenditure Survey(HIES) data and compare these approaches in terms of the first two moments.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

본 연구는 글로벌 금융위기로 인해 발생한 국내 경기침체에 따른 범정부적 민생안정 대책의 일환으로 일자리를 통해 취약 계층의 생계를 지원하고 어려운 지역상권의 소득을 증대시켜 지역경제 활성화를 도모하기 위하여 시행하는 정부 정책 중에 하나인 상품권 발행(온누리, 희망근로, 지역상품권)이 보다 효율적이고도 적절한 정책적 운영이 가능하도록 하는데 초점을 맞추고자 한다. 특히, 지역상권의 대다수를 차지하고 있는 전통시장을 포함한 중소유통업자들에 대한 단기 처방전이 아닌 지역상권의 경쟁력 제고의 방안으로 연결될 수 있는 단초를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 통하여 국내 중소유통업을 영위하는 중소상인의 삶의 질 향상과 지역 활성화 제고방안을 연구한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2023

After the outbreak of the COVID-19 in the early 2020, Korea has attempted to reinforce the existing rent controls to help the low-income households. From July 2000, the tenants' right of lease renewal came into effect, as a policy tool to enforce the upper bound percentage of rent increases within Korea. Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of rent control on the uncontrolled rents in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). Research design, data and methodology: The study regresses the monthly panel data from 58 municipalities in SMA from January 2020 to March 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The data indicates that the policy had the effect of lowering rents for a period of two months, and subsequently monetary policy including quantitative easing and low interest rates, coupled with asset market bubbles lead to rent increases. During the sample data period, the quantity of money supply increased by 12.6% and CPI rose by 3.0%, these phenomena collectively increased the rents by up to 14.7%. Conclusions: The results of the present study support the findings of earlier studies in part: namely, that rent control without the government's steps to stabilize the property price may have an undesirable effect on rental tenants.