• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1426-1433
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• 2000

As distributed computing systems become popular, many modeling techniques and methods have been developed in specify the specification formally and verify the distributed/concurrent sytems. In spite of importance of communication in distributed object-oriented systems, specifying of communication method generally has not been emphasized in the design phase. One reason is due to the system designer misunderstanding, that is, a specification needs to be independent on the implementation. However, since defining communication pattern indistributed object-oriented systems is more serious than the required message passing method in the design phase. specifying the communication pattern is necessary instead of postponing until the implementation. In this paper, two formal specification techniques, temporal logic method and Petri nets method, for the communication in distributed systems are discussed. One is based on the temporal logic, which specifies the different patterns of primitive predicates. This method enable to define the underlying mechanism which can be interpreted as constraints. The Petri net method helps to specify the dynamic behavior of communicational patterns using the properties of Petri nets.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.345-354
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• 1992

Allocation patterns of energy and mineral elements were investigated with phaseolus multiflorus grown in the environmental gradients. The result showed different energy allocation patterns according to relative light intensities and nutrients. The optimal switching time of energy allocation from vegetative to resproductive growth was delated as decreasing relative light intensity. The switch of the shift to reproduction was timed earlier in phosphorus treatment and delayed in nitrogen treatment. Analyzing the mineral elements to various organs, patterns of energy allocation were different from those of mineral allocation. There was no significant difference for allocation patterns in relative light intensity gradients. it was shown that n and p were distributed over the reproductive organs, k mainly in stems, ca in leaves and na in roots. mg was evenly distributed in each organs.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.717-734
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to effectively detect violations that occur simultaneously against Good Manufacturing Practice, which were concealed by drug manufacturers. Methods: In this study, we present an analysis framework for analyzing regulatory violation patterns using Association Rule Mining (ARM), Text Mining, and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to increase the effectiveness of on-site inspection. Results: A number of simultaneous violation patterns was discovered by applying Association Rule Mining to FDA's inspection data collected from October 2008 to February 2022. Among them there were 'concurrent violation patterns' derived from similar regulatory ranges of two or more regulations. These patterns do not help to predict violations that simultaneously appear but belong to different regulations. Those unnecessary patterns were excluded by applying t-SNE based on text-mining. Conclusion: Our proposed approach enables the recognition of simultaneous violation patterns during the on-site inspection. It is expected to decrease the detection time by increasing the likelihood of finding intentionally concealed violations.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2005

Recently among several tennis techniques forehand stroke has been greatly changed in the aspect of spin, grip and stance. The most fundamental factor among the three factors is the stance which consists of open, square and closed stance and it is very important to know the patterns of plantar pressure distribution for the better understanding of forehand stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the change of plantar pressure distribution according to close, square and open stance patterns during forehand stroke in tennis. Three high school tennis players were recruited for the study and required to perform forehand stroke five consecutive trials in the condition of open, square and close stance. The forehand strokes were filmed with two digital video cameras and measured with pedar system for plantar pressure. The plantar regions under the foot were divided into 3 regions, which were forefoot, midfoot, and rear foot.. In conclusion, the first hypothesis, "The plantar pressure of close stance during forehand stroke would be distributed more largely to the left foot.", was rejected and the result showed that The plantar pressure of close stance during forehand stroke was distributed transferring from right foot to left foot similar to square stance. The second hypothesis, "The plantar pressure of square stance during forehand stroke would be distributed transferring from right foot to left foot." was accepted. The third hypothesis, "The plantar pressure of open stance during forehand stroke would be distributed more largely to the right foot.", was accepted.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권5A호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2010

본 논문은 분산 제어되는 셀룰라 시스템에서 셀간 간섭을 제어하기 위하여 SIR 기반 빔스위칭을 제안한다. 셀의 빔스위칭 패턴을 랜덤하게 결정하여 인접셀간 빔충돌을 피할 수 없는 기존의 랜덤 빔스위칭과 달리 SIR 기반 빔스위칭은 단말로부터 보고되는 SIR 추정값에 기반하여 셀의 빔스위칭 패턴을 업데이트한다. 인접셀들은 각각 독립적으로 자신의 빔 스위칭 패턴을 업데이트하며 인접셀간 빔의 충돌을 회피하는 빔스위칭 패턴으로 수렴해 간다. 본 논문은 두 인접한 셀 모델을 사용하여 SIR기반 빔스위칭이 랜덤 빔스위칭에 비해 약 20%의 성능 이득이 있음을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.135-149
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• 2008

Traditional attack detection schemes based on packets or flows have very high computational complexity. And, network based anomaly detection schemes can reduce the complexity, but they have a limitation to figure out the pattern of the distributed global scale network attack. In this paper, we propose an efficient and fast method for detecting distributed global-scale network attack symptoms in high-speed backbone networks. The proposed method is implemented at the aggregate traffic level. So, our proposed scheme has much lower computational complexity, and is implemented in very high-speed backbone networks. In addition, the proposed method can detect attack patterns, such as attacks in which the target is a certain host or the backbone infrastructure itself, via collaboration of edge routers on the backbone network. The effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated via simulation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.299-311
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• 2011

The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the classification of spatial patterns considering the parameters of urban form which play a significant role in the formation of the urban climate. The urban morphological parameters, i.e. building coverage, impervious pavement, vegetation, water, farmland and landuse types were used to classify the spatial patterns by a K-means cluster analysis. And the presented methodology was applied on Changwon city, South Korea. According to the results of cluster analysis, the total spatial patterns were classified as 24 patterns. First of all, The spatial patterns(A-1, A-2, A-3, B-1, B-2, B-3, C-1, C-2, C-3, D-1, D-2, D-3, E-1, E-2, E-3, F-1, F-2, F-3, G-1, G-2, G-3), which distributed in the rural area and the suburban area, can have the positive impacts of cold air generation and wind corridor on an urban climate environment, were distributed in the rural area. On the other hand, the spatial patterns of the downtown area including A-4, B-4, C-4 and D-4 are expected to have the negative impacts on urban climate owing to the of artificial heat emission or the wind flow obstruction. Finally, it will require the future research to analysis the climatic properties according to the same spatial patterns by the field survey.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2008

골조직이 자라 들어갈 수 있는 적절한 크기의 마이크로패터닝을 부여하면 강하고 지속적인 골유착을 이룰 수 있는 생역학적 결합을 이룰 수 있다. 또한 마이크로패터닝을 통해 골조직과 접촉하는 면적을 증가시킴으로써 하중을 적절히 분산시킬 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 마이크로패터닝의 형태와 크기에 따른 응력의 분산에 대해 연구하였다. 나사 하나에서의 하중을 연구하기 위해 2차원 유한요소분석법을 이용하였다. 임플란트는 무한히 긴 피질골에 100% 접촉하며 골-임플란트 계면은 고정된 것으로 경계조건을 설정한 후 마이크로패터닝의 위치와 수에 따라 5군으로 나누어 축력을 가한 후 최대응력과 응력의 분산양상을 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 마이크로패터닝을 부여하면 일반적인 나사에 비해 응력을 보다 넓게 분산시켰으며 나사의 하방에 마이크로패터닝을 부여한 것이 상방에 부여한 것보다 더 고르게 응력을 분산시켰다. 3개의 마이크로패터닝을 부여한 군이 2개의 마이크로패터닝을 부여한 군에 비해 응력을 넓게 분산시켰으나 응력이 집중되는 부위가 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해 마이크로패터닝을 부여하면 응력의 분산효과가 있으며 특히 나사 하방에 부여하는 것이 더 큰 효과를 냄을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.67-86
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• 1992

The author distributed the questionaires which ask the idea of the purchase of children's clothes in order to help the emotinal development of children and to raise demostic economy. 89% of those who answered realized the necessity of home sewing. Because of the lack of sewing ability(66%), the author made comparatively easy patterns such as blouses for summer, skirts, short pants and one-piece dresses. To populrize these patterns, the aother used the measurements of body-measurement which were made by Korea Institute of Standard. The author studied the patterns and choice of patterns according to growing body. The author tested the clothes worn and visual evaluation for fitness of the patterns. The results are as follows: First; The author developed basic pattern 1 and 2 and applied to design A, B and C. Second: For every design, the author made patterns fit to the children. Third: According to age, the author curtailed or enlarged patterns. Lastly: The author tried to reduce living expenses through making children's clothes using the sewing machine and supress over-consumption and lead the people toward normal economic life.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.659-679
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• 2015

Distributed applications are composed of multiple nodes, which exchange information with individual nodes through message passing. Compared with traditional applications, distributed applications have more complex behavior patterns because a large number of interactions and concurrent behaviors exist among their distributed nodes. Thus, it is difficult to detect anomalous behaviors and determine the location and scope of abnormal nodes, and some attacks and misuse cannot be detected. To address this problem, we introduce a method for detecting anomalous behaviors based on process algebra. We specify the architecture of the behavior detection model and the detection algorithm. The anomalous behavior detection and analysis demonstrate that our method is a good discriminator between normal and anomalous behavior characteristics of distributed applications. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed method enhances efficiency without security degradation.