• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.236-245
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• 2023

In this study, the quality safety limit period of seven types of bakery bread was analyzed, and their use-by date was calculated. For evaluating product quality, storage conditions were set as 5, 15, 25, and 35℃ for 50 days, and moisture, microorganisms, sensory characteristics, and dominant bacteria were examined. The quality and safety standards followed the Korea Food Code and Korean industrial standards (KS). The results showed that all products stored at 5℃ satisfied the standard for bacterial count for day 50, but the sensory quality was below the standard level. Samples stored at 15℃ showed high variability from 3-39 days. At 25℃, a quality safety limit period of 2-20 days was set, and one sample was found to have the same shelf life. Bread stored at 35 ℃ had the shortest quality safety limit period. Considering a safety factor of 0.87, a use-by date period of 1.7-13.1 days was calculated. Therefore, setting the use-by date according to the product type is necessary, even for the same product category. Among the bread products sold in bakeries, those managed as room temperature products (1-35℃) can be distributed and stored in a temperature range of up to 35℃. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of setting a quality retention period based on the product characteristics and carefully considering the safety factor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2023

This study aimed to derive the basic wood density, one of several carbon emission factors, for carbon accounting of bamboo forests in Korea. Bamboo is mainly distributed in Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces, and 101 sample trees were selected for each of the three species (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis, P. bambusoides, and P. pubescens). The basic wood density derivation used the KS F 2098 method. The measurements showed that the basic wood density was 0.83 g/cm³ for P. nigra var. henonis, 0.81 g/cm³ for P. bambusoides, and 0.72 g/cm³ for P. pubescens. However, the bamboo distribution area in Korea is not very large, and P. pubescens grows in one area only. Therefore, the basic wood density that can be applied to bamboo was 0.79 g/cm³. Evaluation of the uncertainty of the extracted basic wood density showed a very low value of 1.61%, which confirmed the reliability of the basic wood density derived from this analysis. The basic wood density, biomass expansion factor, and root-to-shoot ratio were used to calculate the carbon storage capacity of one bamboo plant and expanded to calculate the capacity for a hectare of bamboo. Carbon storage and absorption of bamboo were calculated by applying a carbon-emission factor, such as the basic wood density. These study results are expected to contribute to the carbon-neutral policy and forest management direction in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

The characteristics of fruit ripening and cell wall modifications of two oriental pear fruits were compared during storage. The loss of fresh weight was lower in 'Pingguoli' than 'Niitaka', probably due to the difference in wax accumulation and skin structure. 'Pingguoli' produced much higher amount of ethylene and showed climacteric ripening pattern, but this response was not found in 'Niitaka'. A significant difference in soluble pectin contents was found, thus, the amount of water soluble pectins were much higher in 'Niitaka' at harvest but this difference was not significant at later stage of storage. A severe loss of water soluble pectins in 'Niitaka' was confirmed whereas a similar tendency was not found in CDTA soluble ones. Even the amount of $Na_2CO_3$ soluble pectins was relatively low, 'Pingguoli' contained approximately 2 times higher than 'Niitaka' and both cultivars showed an increasing tendency in $Na_2CO_3$ soluble polymers at later stage of storage. No significant difference in alkali soluble polysaccharides (hemicelluloses fraction) was found between both cultivars. There was a significant change in gel filtration profiles regardless of cultivars, especially in water soluble pectins resulting from severe depolymerization probably due to degradation of higher molecular weight pectins and loss of their side chains. In gel filtration profiles of $Na_2CO_3$ soluble pectins, neutral sugars were evenly distributed regardless of molecular size of pectic polymers but the decrease of high molecular weight fraction was found. In comparison of alkali soluble polymers, a similar trend was found, that is, there was no difference in gel filtration profiles but 'Niitaka' seemed to have longer side chains in alkali soluble polysaccharides in both 4% and 24% of KOH soluble fractions.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.58-68
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• 1988

Most of the Korean watersheds are mountaineous and consist of various soil types and land uses And seldom watersheds are found to have long term hydrologic records. The SNUA, a hydrologic watershed model was developed to meet the unique characteristics of Korean watershed and simulate the storm hydrographs from a small mountaineous watershed. Also the applicability of the model was tested by comparing the simulated storm hydrographs and the observed from Dochuk watershed, Gwangjugun, Kyunggido The conclusions obtained in this study could be summarized as follows ; 1. The model includes the simulation of interception, evaporation and infiltration for land surface hydrologic cycle on the single storm basis and the flow routing features for both overland and channel systems. 2. Net rainfall is estimated from the continuous computation of water balance at the surface of interception storage accounting for the rainfall intensities and the evaporation losses at each time step. 3. Excess rainfall is calculated by the abstraction of infiltration loss estimated by the Green and Ainpt Model from the net rainfall. 4. A momentum equation in the form of kinematic wave representation is solved by the finite differential method to obtain the runoff rate at the exit of the watershed. 5. The developed SNUA Model is a type of distributed and event model that considers the spatial distribution of the watershed parameters and simulates the hydrograph on a single storm basis. 6. The results of verification test show that the simulated peak flows agree with the observed in the occurence time but have relative enors in the range of 5.4-40.6% in various flow rates and also show that the simulated total runoff have 6.9-32% of relative errors against the observed. 7. To improve the applicability of the model, it was thought that more studies like the application test to the other watersheds of various types or the addition of the other hydrologk components describing subsurface storages are needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.218-226
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the intake, nutrient apparent digestibility and the effect of total collection days (two and four days) on apparent digestibility estimates for lambs fed diets containing sugar cane treated with calcium oxide (CaO). Eight Santa In$\hat{e}$s castrated male lambs with a $16.6{\pm}1.8$ kg body weight were used. The lambs were distributed in two $4{\times}4$ Latin squares, with four experimental periods of 14 d each. The animals were kept in 1.2 $m^2$ individual pens, and the intake and digestibility evaluations were performed during the last four days of each period. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 14% crude protein (CP), and presenting 70% sugar cane treated with 0, 0.75, 1.5 or 2.25% of CaO (as-fed basis), corrected with 1% urea, and 30% concentrate. The sugar cane with added CaO was chopped, treated, and offered to the animals after 24 h of storage. The sugar cane with CaO increased the DM, OM, CP, NDF, NDFap, TC, NFCap and TDN intake (kg/d), when compared to natural sugar cane, and produced the same intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (% BW). The NFCap digestibility of the CaO-treated sugar cane was inferior to the NFCap digestibility in natural sugar cane. There was a linear increase in the DM intake with the CaO-added sugar cane, but the DM and NDF digestibility and the TDN content decreased linearly. The chemical treatment of sugar cane with CaO increases the intake but does not improve the nutrient digestibility. Two days of total fecal collection were found to be sufficient to estimate the total apparent digestibility in lambs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.351-359
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• 2014

The log data generated by security equipment have been synthetically analyzed on the ESM(Enterprise Security Management) base so far, but due to its limitations of the capacity and processing performance, it is not suited for big data processing. Therefore the another way of technology on the big data platform is necessary. Big Data platform can achieve a large amount of data collection, storage, processing, retrieval, analysis, and visualization by using Hadoop Ecosystem. Currently ESM technology has developed in the way of SIEM (Security Information & Event Management) technology, and to implement security technology in SIEM way, Big Data platform technology is essential that can handle large log data which occurs in the current security devices. In this paper, we have a big data platform Hadoop Ecosystem technology for analyzing the security log for sure how to implement the system model is studied.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2016

In recent year, the interests of PQ is increase due to the increasing of non-linear load and distributed power sources in power system. For the parameters detection and feature extraction of PQ, and the PQ improvement method, continuous power signal monitering is needed. In this paper, the power signal compression and reconstruction method is suggested for power signal monitering. The power signal is compressed using DCT that has good compression performance, and the compressed signal is reconstructed through IDCT. And for the higher compression rate, DCT coefficients are arranged by magnitude in compression process, and in recouction process DCT coefficients are rearranged to original frequency position. The synthesized signal according to the IEC standard is used used in compression and reconstruction simulations. The performances of the proposed method are verified by comparing the error between synthesized signal and reconstructed signal.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a robust execution scheme for Ethereum blockchain application services which provide continuous services and support recovery even in the case of failures of those services. As of now, blockchain services are rapidly expanding to all industries and being combined with various infrastructure services of public institutions. But if these services fail in disastrous situations such as earthquakes, floods and terrors or various hacking attacks, the aftermath is very serious and its side effects are difficult to assess. To resolve this issue, we develop the service registry as a smart contract of the Ethereum blockchain, which provides useful information on the services to users even in disasters. With the help of the service registry, we also present a method of replicating services on the basis of the ETCD distributed storage system. The proposed scheme is confirmed by the test service developed by the proposed techniques.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2018

The recent development of overlay network technology enables distributed sharing of various types of contents. Although overlay network has great advantages as a huge content repository, it is practically difficult to directly provide such Internet service as streaming of contents. On the other hand, the media server, which is specialized in content services, has excellent service capabilities, but it suffers from the huge contents that are constantly created and requires large expansion of severs and storages, and thus requires much effort for efficient management of the huge repository. Hence, the association of an overlay network of huge storage with a media server of high performance content service will show a great synergy effect. In this paper, a location-aware scheme of constructing overlay networks and associating it with media server is proposed, and then cache-based contents management and service policy are proposed for efficient content service. The performance is analysed for one of the content services, streaming service.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2018

This study was conducted to analyze the microbiological contamination status of raw beef distributed in Korea, and evaluate the suitability of current aerobic plate count (APC) guidelines. We analyzed five years (2010-2014) of microbiological monitoring data obtained from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and investigated the microbiological status of raw beef collected from meat packing centers and meat shops in the Seoul/Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Chungcheong regions in August 2015. From 2010-2014, most raw beef (>94%) displayed APC levels of < $1.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$. However, raw beef samples collected from all three regions in August 2015 had comparatively higher APC levels than those reported in previous years. To evaluate the relationship between the APC level and quality, changes in beef loin were evaluated during cold storage for 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$. On day 11, the mean APC level ($4.7{\times}10^6CFU/g$) conformed to current guidelines in Korea ($1.0{\times}10^7CFU/g$) and the pH value was 5.82. However, the sensory evaluation score for color and overall acceptability was under 3.0, meaning that the beef loin was not acceptable for eating. These results suggest that current APC guideline for raw beef should be lowered to $1.0{\times}10^6CFU/g$ to improve both the microbiological safety and palatability of raw beef.