• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권9C호
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• pp.704-711
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• 2008

본 논문은 효율적인 시각적 향상을 보여주는 새로운 비월 주사 방식 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리듬은 새로운 거리 가중치를 고려하며 이전에 개발되었던 EDI (Edge Dependent Interpolation) 알고리듬과 NAL (New Adaptive Linear interpolation) 알고리듬을 이용한다. 비월 주사 기법은 크게 2단계로 나된다. 우선 에지의 방향을 근접한 화소들의 정보를 이용하여 결정한다. 그리고 나서 잃어버린 화소 값들을 결정된 에지의 방향을 따라 보간 한다. 본 논문에서는 EDI 알고리듬을 통해 에지를 예측한 후에 NAL 알고리듬을 바탕으로 거리 가중치를 이용함으로써 잃어버린 화소들을 보간 한다. 실험 결과는 제안된 알고리듬이 기존의 알고리듬들보다 객관적 및 주관적인 평가에서 우수함을 입증한다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high heeled shoes on the static & dynamic balance performance and electromyography(EMG) of back and lower extremity muscles. Materials & Methods : Sixteen women participated in this study. Subjects were composed two groups with LL shoes group and higher heel shoes group. We carried out Romberg's test and muscle activity of left and right Paraspinalis, Quadriceps femoris, Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius muscles by EMG in order to determine static balance performance according heel height. Using by Biorescue(Incenierie company), we trained subject to transfer of COG each direction(Anterior, posterior, Right, Left), we carried out this test for distance, surface, distance/surface in order to determine dynamic balance performance according heel height. The data were analyzed by independent t-test between lower and high heel height using SPSS(ver. 17.0)/PC program. Results : There was significant difference of distance(p<.05) of weight perturbation between lower and high group in dynamic balance performance and EMG value of left Gastrocnemius(p<.05), both Tibialis anterior(p<.05) muscle in static balance performance. Conclusions : Height of heel has effect on dynamic balance performance in distance of the Anterior, posterior direction. EMG of Gastrocnemius and Tibialis anterior muscles were affected by Romberg's test.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

There are insufficient data to consider the effect zone for the marine life of coastal fisheries, because no standard has been defined for the sound level of marine life. In this study, equations for distance attenuation were used to determine the effect zone for oceanic noises. A reference noise level was divided into 4 parts to consider the characteristics of the fishes, and the effect zone of each reference noise level was determined. To increase the reliability of the effect scope, approximately 100 repetitions of blasting work split into several parts by the boring depth, the sound level of the source caused by an increase in weight, and the effect zone were calculated using the prediction equation. According to the prediction, the maximum distance of the effect zone was 4.92 km.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1988

This study was conducted to obtain basic information for varietal difference of leaf breakdown in field of flue-cured tobacco at Taegu Experiment Station, Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1987. The experiment was designed in randomized block with 3 replications, data ware analysed as Split split-plot design. Main plots were varieties, sub-plots were leaf positions, 4, 5 and 6th from bottom, and each sub-plot was divided into 3 parts with distance of midrib, 7 10 and 13em from stalk. Four varieties, NC 95, NC 2326, NC 82 and BY 4 were transplanted in 15 April, and measured the weight of leaf breakdown by artificially weighted in 5 June. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Weights of leaf breakdown according to leaf position, NC 95 were lower as 358-5799 than those of other varieties as 555-597g, were not significantly different regardless of varieties. 2. Weights of leaf breakdown in relation to distance of midrib from stack, NC 95 were lower as 309-419g than those of other varieties as 472-710g. 3. Weights of leaf breakdown were significantly different according to distance of midrib from stalk, and not significantly different according to leaf position under the same distance of midrib from stalk regardless of varieties.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2007

연구목적: 본 연구는 1999년과 2005년의 다른 코호트에 있는 아동과 청소년 집단의 신체발육 특징을 비교분석함으로써 한국 아동과 청소년 신체발육의 단기적 시대변화를 파악하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 1999년 서울시 고등학교에 재학한 16세 남학생 231명, 여학생 346명과 2005년 서울시 고등학교에 재학한 16세 남학생 171명과 여학생 400명을 대상으로 이들의 건강검사 기록을 통해 종단적 신체발육자료를 수집하여 비교분석하였다. 연구결과: 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남학생과 여학생 6세에서 16세까지의 모든 학생들의 2005년도 신장, 체중, 좌고, 흉위가 1999년에 비하여 더 컸다. 따라서 비교적 짧은 기간 동안에도 발육과정에 긍정적인 변화가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 체중의 발육속도는 peak age이전이나 이후 모두 2005년이 컸으나, 신장은 peak age 이후에만 유의하게 컸다. 셋째, 2005년의 남학생들은 1999년에 비하여 신장은 평균 0.28년, 체중은 1.02년, 좌고는 0.39년, 흉위는 0.93년 앞서 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여학생의 경우, 신장은 0.81년, 체중은 0.76, 좌고는 0.32, 흉위는 0.57년 2005년이 앞서있었다. 즉, 2005년의 남학생들은 1999년에 비해 0.28-1.02년, 여학생들은 0.32-0.81년 발육이 앞서 있었다. 넷째, peak velocity에서만 남학생, 여학생 모두 유의한 시대적 변화가 있었고, peak age에서는 시대적 변화가 발견되지 않았다. 다섯째, BMI, 체중, 좌고, 흉위관련 지표에서 시대적 변화가 발견되었다. 특히 남학생의 경우는 체중, BMI, 흉위 관련지표에서, 여학생은 체중, 좌고에서 2005년과 1999년 간 유의한 차이가 발견되었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2008

Researchers have investigated many upper bound techniques applicable to error probabilities on the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding performance of turbo-like codes and low density parity check (LDPC) codes in recent years for a long codeword block size. This is because it is trivial for a short codeword block size. Previous research efforts, such as the simple bound technique [20] recently proposed, developed upper bounds for LDPC codes and turbo-like codes using ensemble codes or the uniformly interleaved assumption. This assumption bounds the performance averaged over all ensemble codes or all interleavers. Another previous research effort [21] obtained the upper bound of turbo-like code with a particular interleaver using a truncated union bound which requires information of the minimum Hamming distance and the number of codewords with the minimum Hamming distance. However, it gives the reliable bound only in the region of the error floor where the minimum Hamming distance is dominant, i.e., in the region of high signal-to-noise ratios. Therefore, currently an upper bound on ML decoding performance for turbo-like code with a particular interleaver and LDPC code with a particular parity check matrix cannot be calculated because of heavy complexity so that only average bounds for ensemble codes can be obtained using a uniform interleaver assumption. In this paper, we propose a new bound technique on ML decoding performance for turbo-like code with a particular interleaver and LDPC code with a particular parity check matrix using ML estimated weight distributions and we also show that the practical iterative decoding performance is approximately suboptimal in ML sense because the simulation performance of iterative decoding is worse than the proposed upper bound and no wonder, even worse than ML decoding performance. In order to show this point, we compare the simulation results with the proposed upper bound and previous bounds. The proposed bound technique is based on the simple bound with an approximate weight distribution including several exact smallest distance terms, not with the ensemble distribution or the uniform interleaver assumption. This technique also shows a tighter upper bound than any other previous bound techniques for turbo-like code with a particular interleaver and LDPC code with a particular parity check matrix.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1989

This experiment was conducted to elucidate the changes of dry matter production in permanent pasture and its relation with relative yield of the 1st cutting, regrowth capacity, and persistance of orchardgrass sward, based on the data of preceeding The results were summarized as follows; 1. Relationship between relative yield of the 1st cutting and regrowth capacity were changed by the times of established pasture. Thus, the relative yield of the 1st cutting have negative significant correlation (P < -0.001) with regrowth capacity. 2. Regrowth capacity(RC) was positively significant correlations with the dry weight of plant (DW/pl.), number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.), plant size(PS) and distance between adjacent plants (DIS) of the 1st cutting. Also, regrowth capacity(RC) was positively correlations with the dry weight of plant (DW/pl.), number of tillers per plant (NT/pl.), stubble diameter(DIA), stubble area(SB), plant size(PS) and distance between adjacent plants(D1S) of the 2nd cutting. 3. The coefficients of regression of the 1st cutting showed a tendency to slightly decrease, on the other hand, the 2nd cutting and total yield were tended to increase by the times of established pasture. 4, Between the regrowth capacity and persistency were may deeply concerned to the changes of dry matter production in permanent pasture. 5. The process of dry matter production in permanent pasture can be shown in following diagrams.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1997

To investigate the distribution of heavy metal concentrations in Onsan bay, concentrations of cadmium, copper, zine and lead in surface sediments and the periwinkles (Littorina brevicula) were determined in Feburary and July, 1996. The ranges of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead concentrations in the surface sediments were 0.08-3.72, 3-307, 49-1273 and 15-399 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weight, respectively, The decrease of concentration in heavy metals with distance from Daejeong stream indicated that this stream is the pollutant source of heavy metals in Onsan Bay. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, zinc and led in L. brevicula were 0.11-11.81, 21-212, 30-96 and 0.26-4.12 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weigth in February and 1.01-24.9, 66-325, 54-225 and 0.68-8.41 ${\mu}g/g$ dry weight in July, respectively. These concentrations in L. brevicula were the significantly different (p<0.001) with the season of sampling. However, overall distribution of concentrations of heavy metals in L. brevicula had very similar tendency that concentrations of heavy metal decreased with the distance from the pollutant source irrespective of the two seasons. Therefore, L. brevicula is considered as a useful indicator for heavy metals pollution, According to analysis of the organs, tissues such as the digestive gland, gill and viceral mussel accumulate high concentrations of heavy metals.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-60
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• 1983

In order to obtain the basic data for diagnosis of occlusion the author investigated the occlusal sounds produced by mandibular closing movement from rest position to centric occlusion by using the Korotkoff sounds microphone electrodes and physiograph for Korean 20S without TMJ problems. And the author analyzed the correlation of the occlusal sounds with height, body weight, mandibular closing movement distance, maxillary sinus size and masseter muscle activities relating to the production of occlusal sounds. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The occlusal sounds prouduced by mandibular closing movements from rest position to centric occlusion were ranged from 3.08mV to 52.00mV, their maen value 19.07mV in right side, and ranged from 2.41mV to 18.33mV, their mean value 9.19mV in left side in group of Angel's class I occlusion subjects having right habitual side of mastication. 2. In general the occlusal sounds in the habitual side of mastication were greater than those in the opposite side. 3. The correlations of the occlusal sounds with height and maxillary sinus size were not significant. 4. The correaltions of the occlusal sounds with body weight, mandibular closing movement distance and masster muscle activities were significant.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권2A호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2006

본 논문은 특정한 LDPC 코드와 특정한 인터리버를 가진 터보 코드의 맥시멈 라이클리후드(maximum-likelihood) 디코딩 성능의 상향 한계를 보인다. 현재까지의 연구는 균등 인터리버의 가정을 하거나 또는 앙상블 코드를 사용하여 LDPC 코드와 터보 코드의 성능 상향 한계를 계산하였다. 이러한 성능 상향 한계는 모든 코드 또는 모든 인터리버에 대한 평균 성능만을 표시하게 된다. 제안된 성능 상향 한계는 단순 한계(simple bound)와 정확한 짧은 거리의 항들을 포함하는 추정된 무게 분포를 기초하고 있다. 만약 둘 중에 하나만 사용하게 되면 정확한 성능 상향 한계를 얻을 수 가 없다.