• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.39-41
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• 2022

A genus Hercostomoides Meuffels and Grootaert, 1997 is a small group of long-legged fly with only two recorded speices, H. indonesianus(Hollis, 1964) and H. bhartii Grichanov, 2017 in the world. They are mainly distributed in the eastern Oriental region and this is the first record of H. indonesianus distributed in Korea. This genus of the subfamily Sympycninae has the following characteristics: wing veins, R2+3 and M1+2, distinctly divergent at distal end in both sexes; propleuron with strong black seta and a few short pale setulae above fore coxa; hind femur without anterior preapical seta. Description and figures about firstly recorded species are provided.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.172-174
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• 2000

We present a case of medullary sclerosis of the appendicular skeleton in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency for whom MR imaging findings were characteristic. T1- and T2-weighted MR images showed multiple vertical lines (medullary streaks) of low signal intensity in the metaphyses and diaphyses of the distal femur and proximal tibia.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

Prosthetic replacement is one of the most common methods of reconstruction after resection of malignant tumor around the knee. Gait analysis provides a relative objective data about the gait function of patients with prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the gait pattern of the patients who underwent limb salvage surgery with prosthesis for distal femur and that of patients with prosthesis for proximal tibia. This study included ten patients (4 males, 6 females, mean age 22.7 years, range 14-36) who underwent a wide resection and Kotz hinged modular reconstruction prosthesis replacement and six normal adult(Control). The site of bone tumor was the distal femur (Group 1) in six patients and proximal tibia (Group 2) in 4 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 82 months (mean : 33 months). The evaluation consisted of clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, gait analysis using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The gait analysis included the linear parameters such as, walking velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, swing time, single support and double support time and the three-dimensional kinematics (joint rotation angle, velocity of joint rotation) of ankle, knee, hip and pelvis in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. For the kinetic evaluation, the moment of force (unit: Nm/kg) and power (unit: Watt/kg) of ankle, knee and hip joint in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. In the linear parameters, cadence, velocity, step time and single support were decreased in both group 1 and group 2 compared with control. Double support decreased in group 2 compared with control significantly(p<.05). In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. In Kinematics, we observed significant difference (p<.05) of decreased knee flexion in loading response (G2

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

Osteoporosis is a worldwide disease leading to significant economic and societal burdens globally. Osteoporosis is caused by unbalanced bone remodeling between the rate of osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblast bone formation. Acer tegmentosum Maxim (AT) is a traditional herbal medicine containing multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes. However, its role in osteoporosis has not been fully studied. Therefore, we investigated whether AT has a potent inhibitory effect on osteoporosis and its mechanism through a systemic evaluation in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were orally administrated with the AT at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 10 weeks. Histological images and histomorphometry analyses were performed by H&E and Toluidine blue satin, and the expression levels of receptor activator for nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasm 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) related to the osteoclast differentiation were investigated using immunohistochemical analysis. Administration of AT prevented bone loss and the alternations of osteoporotic bone parameters at the distinct regions of the distal femur and spongiosa region in OVX mice. Further, administration of AT increased periosteal bone formation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, AT inhibited not only the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, which are two major regulators of osteoclastogenesis but also reduced bone resorbed encoding expression of MMP9 and RANKL. Our results indicated that administration of AT prevented bone loss and the alternations of osteoporotic bone parameters at the distinct regions of the distal femur and spongiosa region in OVX mice. Also AT has the bone protective effect through the suppression of osteoclast and promotion of osteoblast, suggesting that it could be a preventive and therapeutic candidate for anti-osteoporosis.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

Purpose: We analyzed the oncologic outcome of the malignant transformed benign giant cell tumor of bone. Materials and Methods: Between January 2000 and February 2012, 5 cases were referred with suspicious malignant transformation of benign giant cell tumor. No patients underwent radiation therapy. Results: After referral, all patients received the wide excision of the tumor and its' pathologic diagnosis were osteosarcoma. As classified by the location of tumor lesion, 3 cases were located in the distal femur, 1 case was in the distal radius and 1 case was in the proximal femur. The average latent period between diagnosis of benign giant cell tumor and diagnosis of secondary malignant giant cell tumor was 49.2 months. (range, 24-126 months) The mean follow-up period was 21.6 months. There were subsequent local recurrence in 2 cases and 3 patients developed distant metastasis. All patients with lung metastasis were dead. Conclusion: Malignant transformation of benign giant cell tumor of bone can be occurred within 5 years. Therefore, when benign giant cell tumor suspicious malignant transformation, it is necessary to do more aggressive treatment.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2010

Purpose: The skeleton is commonly affected by metastatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of treating metastatic pathologic fractures in lower extremities using locking plates. Materials and Methods: Between 2004 and 2010, we evaluated 12 patients (13 cases) of metastatic pathologic fractures in lower extremities, treated with the locking plate. Mean patient age was 62.2 years (range, 50-81 years), the locations of the fractures were; proximal femur in 2 cases, femoral mid-shaft in 3, distal femur in 3, proximal tibia in 4, and distal tibia in 1 case. The interval to wheelchair ambulation, pain relief and complications were evaluated. Additionally, we assessed operation time and postoperative blood loss. Results: Mean time from operation to wheelchair ambulation was 3.2 days (range, 1-6 days). Mean VAS scores improved from a preoperative score of 8.1 points (range, 7-9 points) to a score of 2.7 points (range, 2-4 points) at 1 week postoperatively. No early complications associated with surgery were encountered. Mean operation time was 88.4 minutes (range, 70-105 minutes), and mean postoperative blood loss was 246.5 ml (range, 130-320 ml). Conclusion: Internal fixation of metastatic pathologic fractures using a locking plate in the lower extremity can be an effective treatment option in the meta- or diaphyseal area of long bones with massive bony destruction or poor bone stock by offering early ambulation, pain relief and low postoperative complications.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1999

Chondroblastoma is an uncommon neoplasm in bone, occurring at the epiphysis or apophysis of growing long bones and is known to have a recurrence rate of around 10% after surgical treatment. We reviewed 14 patients of pathologically proven chondroblastoma, who were surgically treated, from December 1987 to August 1997. The location of tumors was proximal femur in 4 cases, distal femur in 4 cases, proximal tibia in 2 cases, patella in 1 case, proximal humerus in 1 case and calcaneus in 1 case. The most common complaint was pain. In all nine cases in which MRI was performed, the MR imaging showed a lobulated low signal intensity(SI) rim. Low SI foci within the tumor were present in 4 of 9 cases and corresponded to calcification seen on radiographs or CT. Bone marrow edema was also present in 4 of 9 cases on MR imaging. The average duration of follow-up was 2 years, 5 months, ranging from 1 year to 7 years, 2 months. Twelve patients were treated by curettage and autogenous bone graft, one by curettage only, and one by curettage and bone cementing. Two cases which showed local recurrence were treated with curettage and bone graft. Two recurred cases had the presence of bone marrow edema on MR imaging. The presence or absence of bone marrow edema may be a useful indication of tumor activity, although further study will be required.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.451-456
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• 2008

Total knee arthroplasty(TKA) using computer-assisted navigation has been increased in order to improve the accuracy of femoral and tibial components implantation. Recently, a few clinical studies have reported on the femoral stress fracture after TKA using computer-assisted navigation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the stress concentration around the femoral pin-hole for different pin-hole diameter, the modes of pin penetration by finite element analysis to understand the effects of pin-hole parameters on femoral stress fracture risk. A three-dimensional finite element model of a male femur was reconstructed from 1 mm thick computed tomography(CT) images. The bone was rigidly fixed to a 25 mm above the distal end and 1500 N of axial compressive force and 12 Nm of axial torsion were applied at the femoral head. For all cases, transcortical pin penetration mode showed the highest stress fracture risk and unicortical pin penetration mode showed the lowest stress concentration. Pin-hole diameter increased the stress concentration, but pin number did not increase the stress dramatically. The results of this study provided a biomechanical guideline for pin-hole fracture risk of the computer navigated TKA.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 1996

In cementless total hip arthroplasty(THA), an initial stability of the femoral component is mandatory to achieve bony inyowth and secondary long term fixation. Primary stability of the femoral component can be obtained by minimizing the magnitude of relative micromotions at bone stem interface. An accurate evaluation of interf'ace micromotion and stress/strain fields in the bone-implant system may be relevant for better understanding of clinical situations and improving THA design. Recently finite element method(FEM) was introduced in'orthopaedic research field due to its unique capacity to evaluate stress in structure of complex shape, loading and material behavior. The authors developed the 3-dimensional finite element model of proximal femur with $Multilock^{TM}$ stem of 1179 blick elements to analyse the micromotions and mechanical behaviors at the bone-stem inteface in early post-operative period for the load simulating single leg stance. The results indicates that the values of relative motion for this well fit stem were $150{\mu}m$ in maximum $82{\mu}m$ in minimum and the largest relative motion was developed in medial region of Proximal femur and in anterior-posterior direction. The motion in the proximal bone was much greater than in the distal bone and the stress pattern showed high stress concentration on the cortex near the tip of the stem. These findings indicate that the loading on the hip joint in the early postoperative situation before achieving bony ingrowth could produce large micromotion of $150{\mu}m$ and clinicaly non-cemented THA patient should not be allowed weight bearing strictly early in the postoperative period.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate the clinical outcomes of distal hook augmentation using a pedicle screw in thoracolumbar fusion in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective multicenter study recruited 20 patients aged 65 years or older, who underwent anterior support and long level posterior fusion in the thoracolumbar junction with a follow-up of one year. To assess the effect of distal hook augmentation, the patients were divided into two groups; the pedicle screw with hook group (PH group, n=10) and the pedicle screw alone group (PA group, n=10). Results: The average age was 72.4 years (65-83 years). The average fusion segment was 4.6 segments (3-6 segments). There were no significant differences in age, sex, causative diseases, bone mineral density of lumbar and proximal femur, number of patients with osteoporosis, and number of fused segments between the two groups (p≥0.05). At 1 year follow-up after surgery, parameters related with distal screw pullout were significantly worse in the PA group. No patients in the PH group had distal screw pullout. However, six patients (60%, 6/10) in the PA group had distal screw pullout. There were no significant differences in the progression of distal junctional kyphosis between the two groups. Conclusion: Distal hook augmentation is an effective procedure in protecting distal pedicle screws against the pullout when long level thoracolumbar fusion was performed in elderly patients aged 65 years or older.