• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.575-587
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of supplementation with a Bifidobacteria enhanced yogurt (BE0623 yogurt), which includes Bifidobacterium lactis BB12, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactis, in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using animal models and clinical trials. In a rat study, a loperamide-treated group (LOP) showed reduced water content in fecal pellets but showed an increased number of fecal pellets in the distal colon. In addition, the BE0623 yogurt (L-BE0623Y) group had the fewest fecal pellets in the distal colon. Regarding the serum lipid parameters, the LOP group had a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/total cholesterol ratio that was 43% lower than that of a normal water group (NOR), but the outcome for the L-BE0623Y group was 27% lower than the NOR group. In a human study, 116 adults with IBS were sampled as subjects and fed 300 mL of yogurt per day for an eight week period. There was an IBS improvement in the L-BE0623Y and commercial yogurt (L-CY) groups, though flatulence, stool consistency and frequency of defecation outcomes were also noted. Specifically, the L-BE0623Y treatment group showed significant effects with regard to defecation duration and urgency after the consumption of the yogurt used in this study. These results suggest that the Bifidobacteria-enhanced yogurt has superior effects with regard to relieving loperamide-induced constipation in rats and that regular consumption of L-BE0623Y is effective to improve IBS in humans.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2022

Objectives: The stability of crestal bone has been reported as a major factor in the success of dental implants. Implants can be placed in an equicrestal (crestal) or subcrestal position. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant depth placement on marginal bone loss. Materials and Methods: The study was created in a split-mouth design. Immediately after implant surgery, digital parallel radiographs were prepared and levels of bone were measured where marginal bone loss and bone level changes occurred. These measurements were repeated at 3-month and 6-month follow-up periods. Results: In this interventional study, 49 implants were evaluated in 18 patients. Primary bone height was not significant between the intervention and control groups in both mesial and distal aspects at 3 months and 6 months from the baseline. The mean marginal bone loss on the mesial side was 1.03 mm in the subcrestal group and 0.83 mm in the crestal group. In addition, mean marginal bone loss on the distal side was 0.88 mm and 0.81 mm in the subcrestal and crestal groups, respectively. Marginal bone loss was not significantly different between sexes, the maxilla or mandible, and in the anterior or posterior regions as well as between different lengths and diameters of implants. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there was no significant difference in terms of marginal bone loss between crestal and subcrestal implants.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.290-301
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• 2023

PURPOSE. The study aimed to determine the influence of implant angulation on the trueness of multi-unit implant impressions taken through different techniques and strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS. As reference models, three partially edentulous mandibular models (Model 1: No angulation; Model 2: No angulation for #33, 15-degree distal angulation for #35 and #37; Model 3: No angulation for #33, 25-degree distal angulation for #35 and #37) were created by modifying the angulations of implant analogues. Using a lab scanner, these reference models were scanned. The obtained data were preserved and utilized as virtual references. Three intraoral scanning (IOS) strategies: IOS-Omnicam, ISO-Quadrant, and IOS-Consecutive, as well as two traaditional techniques: splinted open tray (OT) and closed tray (CT), were used to create impressions from each reference model. The best-fit alignment approach was used to sequentially superimpose the reference and test scan data. Computations and statistical analysis of angular (AD), linear (LD), and 3D deviations (RMS) were performed. RESULTS. Model type, impression technique, as well as interaction factor, all demonstrated a significant influence on AD and LD values for all implant locations (P < .05). The Model 1 and SOT techniques displayed the lowest mean AD and LD values across all implant locations. When considering interaction factors, CT-Model 3 and SOT-Model 1 exhibited the highest and lowest mean AD and LD values, respectively. Model type, impression technique, and interaction factor all revealed significant effects on RMS values (P ≤ .001). CT-Model 3 and SOT-Model 1 presented the highest and lowest mean RMS values, respectively. CONCLUSION. Splinted-OT and IOS-Omnicam are recommended for multi-unit implant impressions to enhance trueness, potentially benefiting subsequent manufacturing stages.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2002

증후군은 원위세뇨관 Na-Cl 공동운반체 유전자 이상으로 발생하는 상염색체 열성 유전질환으로, 저칼륨혈증, 저마그네슘혈증, 대사성 알칼리증, 그리고 저칼슘뇨증 등의 임상적 특징을 보이는 질환이다. 저자들은 Bartter 증후군과의 감별진단과 Gitelman 증후군의 확진을 위해 임상적으로 Gitelman 증후군이 의심되는 두명의 환아에서 신장청소검사를 시행하였다. 각각의 환아는 밤사이 금식을 시킨 후 물 20 mL/kg를 30분에 걸쳐 경구 투여하였고, 곧 이어 half saline을 정맥을 통해 분당 5 mL의 속도로 투여하기 시작하였다. 소변양이 분당 10 mL에 도달했을 때의 검체로 삼투질제거율, 유리수분제거율, 염소제거율, 원위분획염소재흡수율을 계산하였다. 그 후에 첫째 날은 furosemide, 둘째 날은 hydrochlorothiazide를 각각 투여하고 나서 같은 신장청소검사를 시행하였다. 이뇨제를 투여하기 전 원위분획염소재흡수율은 각각 73%, 75%로 정상범위에서 약간 감소되어 있었다. furosemide를 투여한 후 삼투질제거율은 증가하였고 유리수분제거율은 감소하였다. 염소제거율은 10배 이상 증가하였으며, 원위분획염소재흡수율은 현저한 감소를 보였다. Thiazide를 투여한 후에는 위와 같은 청소율의 변화들을 관찰할 수 없었다. 신장청소 검사의 소견은 본 연구의 환아들이 헨레의 고리 상행각의 이상보다는 원위세뇨관 Na-Cl 공동운반체의 이상이 있음을 보여주고 있어 Gitelman 증후군의 병태 생리와 잘 일치한다고 사료된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

프루텔고치벌(Cotesia plutellae)은 단독형 내부기생봉으로 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella)을 기주로 생활한다. 이 기생봉이 배추좀나방을 탐색하고 기주의 발육상태 및 다른 생리 상태를 인식하는데 촉각은 매우 중요한 감각기관으로 작용할 것으로 주목 받아왔다. 본 연구는 이 기생봉의 촉각 구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하고, 관찰된 감각기 종류와 밀도를 바탕으로 기생생리를 이해하고자 수행되었다. 촉각 전체 길이에서 암수간 차이가 없으며 모두 16개 편절마디를 가지고 있다. 감각기 구조는 크게 긴털형감각기, 센털형감각기 그리고 판상감각기로 나누어 밀도조사를 실시하였고, 대부분 감각기는 편절에 집중적으로 분포했다. 이 가운데 긴털형감각기가 암수 모두 약 87%를 차지하였다. 편절에서 긴틸형감각기와 판상감각기는 말단 부위에서 밀도가 감소하는 반면, 센털형감각기는 말단 부위로 갈수록 증가하여, 암컷의 경우 9번째 편절 마디 이후로 급격하게 밀도 증가를 보였다. 촉각 부위별 제거에 따른 기생에 미치는 효과를 분석한 결과 편절 후반부를 제거하면 기생능력을 완전히 상실하고, 말단 4개 편절 마디를 제거해도 불과 30% 이하의 낮은 기생율을 기록했다. 이상의 결과는 프루텔고치벌의 기생에 촉각의 중요성을 보여주었으며, 특히 센털형감각기가 기주 탐색에 밀접히 관여될 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.360-366
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• 2008

Purpose: Botulinum toxin type A(BoTA) can block the release of vasoconstriction cotransmitters as well as acetylcholine in nerve terminal. The authors observed that BoTA increases flap survival by preventing sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels. Methods: 10 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control(n=5), and BoTA group(n=5). $3{\times}10cm$ sized random pattern cutaneous flaps were elevated on the dorsal side in both groups. In BoTA group, BoTA was injected into the flap via intradermal to subdermal route, 7 days before the flap elevation. Flap survival rates (survival area/total area) were measured 7 days after the elevation. Cutaneous blood flow was measured in proximal, middle and distal compartments of the flap using laser Doppler flowmetry initially, preoperatively, at immediate postoperation, and 7 days after flap elevation, respectively. Histological examination was performed 7 days after the flap elevation. The number and shape of the vessels were evaluated under microscope. Results: Mean flap survival was $53.18{\pm}6.58%$ in control group and $93.79{\pm}6.06%$ in BoTA group, displaying statistically significant difference(p=0.0008, p<0.05). In the control group, blood flow to the middle and distal compartments of the flap decreased significantly immediately after flap elevation. In the BoTA group, blood flow to the middle compartment did not decrease(p=0.002) and slightly decreased in the distal compartment(p=0.001). Cutaneous blood flow was significantly higher in all compartments of the flap in BoTA group than in control group, 7 days after the flap elevation. In histopathologic examination, greater number of vessels were noted in the BoTA group than in the control group. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin A can increase the survival of the random pattern cutaneous flap in rats by preventing the sympathetic collapse of peripheral vessels.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2005

본 연구는 상악 절치부에 active 토크가 가해졌을 경우, 교정력을 직접 받은 치아와 인접 치아의 반응을 알아보고자, 상악 치아 및 치조골의 유한요소 모델을 제작하고, stainless steel NiTi, TMA 세 종류의 각형 호선을 육면체 요소로 모델링하여 유한요소 모델을 완성하였다. 호선이 브라켓에 삽입되었을 때 브라켓에 발생하는 반력과 모멘트를 구하였고, 이것을 유한 요소 모델에 적용하여 각 치아의 변위와 응력 분포를 측정하였다 브라켓에 발생하는 반력은 근원심 방향과, 협설 방향으로의 힘은 0에 가까우며, 중절치, 측절치, 견치의 브라켓 근심측에서는 정출력이 원심측에서는 압하력이 발생하였다. 힘과 모멘트의 크기는 측절치에서 최대였고 중절치. 견치 순으로 감소하였고, 소구치 부위와 대구치 부위에서는 급격히 감소하였다. 중절치와 측절치는 치관 협측, 원심 경사 이동과 압하를 보였으며 견치는 치관 설측 원심 경사와 정출을 보였고. 제1소구치는 치관 설측 경사이동을 보였다. $019\times025SS$을 사용하여 상악 절치부에 토크를 부여하는 경우에는 측절치에 과도한 힘이 집중되므로, 임상에서 토크를 조절 할 경우에는 NiTi나 TMA 호선을 사용하는 것이 바람직하리라고 생각된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.627-643
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• 1995

The resistance to fracture of the restored tooth may be influenced by many factors, among these are the cavity dimension and the physical properties of the restorative material. The placement of direct composite resin restorations has generally been found to have a strengthening effect on the prepared teeth. It is the purpose of this investigation to study the relationship between the cavity isthmus and the fracture resistance of a tooth in composite resin restorations. In this study, MO cavity was prepared on the maxillary left first molar and then filled with composite resin. Three dimentional model with 3049 nodes and 2450 8-node blick elements was made by the serial photographic method and isthmus (1/4, 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 of intercusplal distance between mesiobuccal cusp tip and mesiolingual cusp tip) was varied. Two types of model(B and R model) were developed. B model was assumed perfect bonding between the restoration and cavity wall and R model was left unfilled. A load of 1500N was applied vertically on the node from the lingual slope of the mesiobuccal cusp. The results were as follows : 1. There was a significant decrease of stress resulting in increase of fracture resistance in B model when compared with R model. 2. When it comes to stress distribution, the stress was concentrated in the facio-gingival line angle and the buccal side of the distal margin of the cavity in both Band R model. 3. With the increase of the isthmus width, the stress decreased in the area of the facio-gingival line angle, and increased in the area of facio-gingival line angle as well as the buccal side of the distal margin of the cavity in B model. In R model, the stress increased both in the area of facio-gingival line angle and the buccal side of the distal margin of the cavity, therefore the possibility of crack increased. 4. As the width of cavity increased, in B model, the direction of crack moved from horizontal to vertical on the facio-gingival line angle and the facio-pulpal line angle. In R model, the direction of the crack was horizontal on the facio-gingival line angle and moved from horizontal to the $45^{\circ}$ direction on the facio-pulpal line angle.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2021

Objective : Early successful reperfusion is associated with favorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to achieve successful recanalization by a combined mechanical thrombectomy technique, the Aspiration-Retriever Technique for Stroke (ARTS), which is composed of a flexible large lumen distal access catheter and a retrievable stent as the first-line strategy of mechanical thrombectomy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients with AIS who underwent mechanical thrombectomy from 2018 to 2019 at our institute by a senior neurointerventionalist. Among them, patients who were treated using the ARTS technique with the soft torqueable catheter optimized for intracranial access (SOFIA^®; MicroVention-Terumo, Tustin, CA, USA) as the first-line treatment were included. Patients who had tandem occlusions or underlying intracranial artery stenosis were excluded. The angiographic and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The angiographic outcome was analyzed by the rate of successful recanalization, defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b or 3 at the end of all procedures and the rate of successfully achieving the first pass effect (FPE), defined as complete recanalization with a single pass of the device. The clinical outcomes included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and mortality. Results : A total of 27 patients (mean age, 59.3 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The successful recanalization rate was 96% (n=26) while the FPE rate was 41% (n=11). The mean post-procedural NIHSS change was -3.0. Thirteen patients (48%) showed good clinical outcomes after thrombectomy with the ARTS technique (mRS at 90 days ≤2). Postoperative complications occurred in seven of 25 patients : hemorrhagic transformation in six patients (22%) and distal embolization in one patient (4%). Mortality was 15% (n=4). Conclusion : Although the clinical outcomes using the ARTS technique with a flexible large lumen distal access catheter performed as the frontline thrombectomy in patients with AIS were not significantly superior than those of other studies, this study showed a high rate of successful endovascular recanalization which was comparable to that of other studies. Therefore, ARTS using the SOFIA^® catheter can be considered as the first choice of treatment for AIS due to large vessel occlusion.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.382-386
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• 1998

A soluble dietary fiber, $\beta$-glucan, contained in oat and barley has nutritional benefits such as hypocholesterolemic effects and influences blood glucose regulation. The contents of $\beta$-glucan in both cereals range from 3 to 7% with the exception of a certain barley genotype which contains up to 16% $\beta$-glucan. $\beta$-Glucan is distributed mainly in the cell walls of endosperm and the distal (bran) portion of kernel. Various procedures have been developed for increasing the extraction yield of $\beta$-glucan. Oat gum prepared with weak alkali extractionand alcohol proecipitation following protein removal usually contains 80% $\beta$-glucan.The most commonly used method for $\beta$-glucan quantitiation is an enzymatic procedure combining lichenase plus $\beta$-glucosidase followed by measuring the amount of glucos released by glucose oxidase-peroxidase treatment. The increase in foam-and emulsion-stabilizing capacity of $\beta$-glucan is due to the increase in viscosity of the aqueous phase. Therefore, $\beta$-glucan shows great potentials as a thickener and a stabilizer.