• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

The effects of suspended solids size on culture water quality were determined in a commercial recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. The particulate phase of the culture water was serially divided into six size fractions using 300, 200, 100, 75, 45, and 26 ${\mu}m$ pore size stainless sieves. The total, dissolved, and particulate nitrogen and phosphorus, and suspended solids for each fraction were determined. The concentration ranges in the fractions were: total nitrogen, 164-148 mg $L^{-1}$; total phosphorus, 20.4-15.5 mg $L^{-1}$; and total suspended solids, 8.1-6.1 mg $L^{-1}$. The concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased significantly (P<0.05) with a 26 ${\mu}m$ and 200 ${\mu}m$ filter pore size, respectively. Nutrients from dissolved organic substances were much higher than from particulates. Analysis of particle size fractionation and its effects on water quality is useful to estimate removal efficiencies of a commercial effluent screening device for solid management and development of solid removal systems.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1972

낙동강은 유로연장 525km, 유역면적 23,852$\textrm{km}^2$에 달하는 남한 제1의 하천수계를 이루고 있고, 그 수원은 멀리 강원도 삼척군 삼장면 함백산에서 이루어져, 많은 지류수가 합류되어 경남 김해군 명지면과 부산시 서구를 거쳐 남해의 동부해역으로 유입된다. 하구일대는 우리나라에서도 굴지의 해태어장이 형성되고, 인근해역에서는 많은 어패류가 생산된다. 낙동강 하구수역의 수질에 관해서는 원(1964)이 간헐지 수질의 연간변화에 관한 조사가 이루어졌고, 또 원(1970)은 가덕도와 용원리 사이의 해역에서 3월 17-23일에 걸친 조석에 따른 영양염조사를 보고하였고, 최 외(1970)는 낙동강 하구일대의 해태어장개발을 목적으로 한 영양염, 유기현탁물, 조석류, 저질 등에 관한 일련의 결과를 보고하고 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2002

Two-step fed-batch fermentations were carried out to overproduce Bacillus licheniformis maltogenic amylase (BLMA) in recombinant Escherichia coli. The first step was to increase the cell mass by controlling the feeding of a glucose solution, while the second step was designed to improve the amylase expression efficiency by supplementing organic nitrogen sources. The linear gradient feeding method was successfully adopted to maintain the glucose concentration below 0.2 g/l during the fed-batch mode, as effectively minimizing acetic acid formation. When the dissolved oxygen (DO) level became limiting, an accumulation of acetic acid and drastic decrease in specific BLMA productivity were observed. Glucose and organic nitrogen sources consisting of yeast extract and casein hydrolysate were simultaneously supplied in the pH-stat mode to further increase the specific BLMA expression efficiency. An organic nitrogen source consisting of 200 g/1 yeast extract and 100 g/1 casein hydrolysate was found to be the best among the various combinations tested. The feeding of an organic nitrogen source in the second-step fed-batch period was highly beneficial in enhancing the BLMA production. The optimized two-step fed-batch culture resulted in 78 g/l maximum dry cell mass and 443 U/ml maximum BLMA activity, corresponding to 1.5-fold increase in the dry cell mass and 3.7-fold enhancement in BLMA production, compared with the simple fed-batch fermentation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1171-1179
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• 2012

Headwaters initiate material export to downstream environments. A nested headwater study examined the flux of dissolved constituents and water from a perennial stream and four ephemeral/intermittent streams in the Upper Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi. Water was collected during storm and baseflow conditions. Multiple linear regression was used to model constituent concentration and calculate flux. Event was the major source of water discharged from the ephemeral and intermittent streams however, baseflow was the major source for water discharged by the perennial stream during events. The perennial stream had an area weighted average yields of 10.1, 0.01, 1.03, 0.65 kg/ha/yr of DON (dissolved organic nitrogen), $NO_3^-$-N, $NH_4^+$-N and $PO_4^{-3}$, respectively while large variabilities existed between the ephemeral and intermittent streams. These findings highlight the importance of headwaters in protecting the low order drainage basins as a key to water quality within perennial streams.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 1997

A high xylitol producing yeast was isolated from the sludge of xylose manufacturing factory and then identified as Candida tropicalis DS-72 according to physiological properties. The strain was able to produce xylitol in a high concentration up to 72g/l from 100g/l xylose in 32 hours. Medium optimization for xylitol production by C. tropicalis DS-72 was performed. Effect of various nitrogen sources on xylitol production was investigated. Of nitrogenous compounds, yeast extract was the most suitable organic nitrogen nutrient for the enhancement of xylitol production. However, inorganic nitrogen resulted in a low cell concentration and did not produce xylitol. Effect of inorganic salts such as KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, and MgSO$_{4}$, 7H$_{2}$O on xylitol production was also studied. Optimal medium was selected as xylose 100g/l, yeast extract 10g/l, KH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, 5 g/l and MgSO$_{4}$, 7H$_{2}$O 0.2 g/l. Xylitol of 88 g/l was produced from 100 g/l xylose in 30 hours using the optimal medium in a flask. In a fermentor, a fed-batch culture with 300g/l xylose was carried out. A final xylitol concentration of 240 g/l in the culture could be obtained in 43 hours of culture time by maintaining the high level of dissolved oxygen during growth phase and limiting the dissolved oxygen in the same culture during production phase. This result corresponded to a xylitol yield of 80% and a xylitol productivity of 5.58 g/1-h.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.635-644
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• 1994

혐기성 소화에 비해 낮은 시설비 및 공정의 안정성 등의 장점으로 중소규모 하수처리장의 슬리지 처리에 적합한 호기성 소화의 상징액내 영양염류 농도를 예측하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 질소 및 인의 거동 관찰로 주요반응을 규정하고 물질수지를 고려해서 연립미분방정식 형태로 수학적 모형을 수립하였다. 하수처리장의 폐활성슬러지를 시료로 하여 초기 고형물 농도 수준을 다르게 한 회분식 호기성 소화조를 온도 $20^{\circ}C$, pH $7{\pm}0.5$의 조건에서 운영하였고, 반응계수 추정을 위하여 비선형 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 수립된 모형은, Biomass-N, 용존 유기질소, $NH_4{^-}$-N, $NO_x{^-}$-N과 Biomass-N, 용존 유기인, $PO_4{^-}$-P와 같은 영양염류의 거동 예측이 가능하였다. 모의실험으로 고형상의 영양염류보다 용존상 영양염류가, 질소보다는 인이 상징액에 미치는 영향이 크다는 것을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2021

A tidal power plant (TPP) has been in operation since the end of 2011 to improve the water quality of Shihwa Coastal Reservoir (SCR). Tidal mixing rate increased 5.6 times after the TPP operation so that in this study, its effects on water quality was assessed through statistical analysis of long-term water quality monitoring data. It was found that the increased tidal mixing contributed to solving the hypoxia problem in the bottom water by preventing the summer stratification. The analysis also showed that the increased tidal mixing had different effects depending on the relative concentration difference for each water quality substances between the SCR and the outside of SCR. The average concentrations of some substances (chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a) with higher concentrations than the outside of SCR decreased due to the dilution effect, but the other substances (total nitrogen, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus) with lower concentrations compared to the outside ones increased on the contrary. Factor analysis also showed a consistent result that the first factor accounting for the water quality was changed from the organic-related substances to the nutrient-related substances after the increased tidal mixing. These results imply that the focus of future water quality management needs shifting from the organic substances to the nutrients, particularly dissolved inorganic nutrients. Considering the effect of inflow seawater on the nutrients, the management area should be extended to cover not only SCR but also a certain area outside of SCR.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.611-621
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• 2008

This study intends to provide the necessary basic data needed for predicting the water quality and examining changes in water quality on the basis of the hydrological changes: an outflow or the character of a flow by investigating the interaction of the parameters through the estimation of optimal parameters need for predicting the water quality of the dam basin and the sensitivity among those estimated parameters. Im-Ha Dam in the upstream area of the Nakdong River was selected for analysis, and the water quality survey data necessary for parameter estimation was based on the monthly water quality data (water temperature, BOD, T-N and T-P) between December 1, $2005{\sim}$November 31, 2006. K1C(the saturated growth rate of plant plankton), K1RC (endogenous respiratory quotient of plankton), KDC(deoxidized ratio), K71C(minealized ratio of dissolved organic phosphorus), K83C(mineralized ratio of dissolved organic nitrogen) have been considered as the factors of the water quality performed in this water quality simulation, that is, the most effective parameters on BOD, T-N and T-P. In the result of the analysis of the sensitivity, KDC(deoxidized ratio) was the most sensitively reacted parameter on BOD and it was K71C(mineralized ratio of dissolved organic phosphorus) and K83C(mineralized ratio of dissolved organic nitrogen) on T-N and T-P. It is considered that it will be possible to apply the most optimal parameter to an analysis of the water quality simulation at Im-Ha Ho basin in the goal year by examining the interaction of the parameters through the parameters sampling which are able to applicable to prediction of the water quality and the analysis of the its sensitivity, in the future, also the analysis on the basis of the hydrological conditions: an outflow or the character of a flow will be needed.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권6B호
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• pp.669-675
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• 2006

SBR반응조를 이용하여 간헐폭기의 슬러지소화 실험을 실시하였다. 폭기비율은 고형물과 질소 제거의 가장 중요한 운전인자 중의 하나였다. 슬러지의 소화에 따라 용출된 유기성질소는 질산성질소로 산화되었고, 생물학적 질소제거율도 높게 나타났는데, 질소제거율은 폭기비율에 따라 달라졌다. 폭기비율 0.25-0.75의 범위에서, 암모니아성 질소의 축적은 보이지 않았으며, pH는 중성에서 유지되었다. 폭기비율을 증가시킴에 따라 고형물 제거율은 증가하지만 용존 질소의 제거율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 실험에서 SBR 반응조를 이용하고, 평균고형물체류시간 8-32일 정도의 설계조건과 폭기비율 0.25-0.75의 운전 조건에서 VSS 제거율은 17-42% 정도, 용존질소 제거율은 80% 이상이 가능하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 계화간척농지로부터 발생 되는 비점원 오염물질 유출현황을 조사하였다. 간척 논면적은 2,988ha로 크게 1,181ha와 1,817ha 크기의 두개의 소유역으로 구성되어 있다. 두개의 소유역에 대해 각각 3번의 강우사상에 대해 조사가 이루어졌으며 강우량은 각각 66.0, 23.5, 23mm이었다. 간척농지에서 오염물질 유출 특성은 일반 내륙의 논에서와 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 일반적으로 우리나라 논에서는 발생되는 비점오염부하는 큰 반면에 연구대상 간척농지에서 발생되는 TSS, TN, TP의 비점오염 유출수준은 일반 임야지역 수준으로 나타났다. 다른 유역과 다르게 질소의 경우 용존성 유기질소가 주종을 이루고 있으며 인의 경우에는 용존성 인이 주종을 이루고 있었다.