• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2013

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and zooplankton and particulate organic matter (POM) ${\delta}^{13}C$ values were measured in five reservoirs in Korea. Zooplankton ${\delta}^{13}C$ and POM ${\delta}^{13}C$ showed large range from -33‰ to -22‰ and a significant difference among the reservoirs. One eutrophic reservoir, Lake Masan, showed unique characteristics with the highest zooplankton density, the highest ${\delta}^{13}C$, and the highest DOC. Zooplankton ${\delta}^{13}C$ was similar to POM ${\delta}^{13}C$, implying that zooplankton occupies substantial portion of POM or that zooplankton isotopic composition is related to selective grazing and assimilation of food sources from bulk POM. Except Lake Masan zooplankton ${\delta}^{13}C$ values were negatively correlated to DOC concentration in four reservoirs with mostly forest land use. This pattern can be probably attributed to intensive agricultural land use in the watershed of Lake Masan compared to the mostly forest land use in the other watersheds. Understanding the relationship between zooplankton ${\delta}^{13}C$ values and the origin of organic matter associated with watershed characteristics will be valuable to better understand trophic relationships in reservoirs in the summer monsoon region.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2011

Silt Density Index (SDI) has been used as a fouling index for reverse osmosis (RO) processes for decades. In order to decrease RO fouling, feed water should meet SDI standard, which was used to select a proper pretreatment system for RO processes. However, SDI is supposed to be sensitive only to particles larger than 0.45 ${\mu}m$ in terms of diameters while nanoparticles and dissolved organic matter can be potent foulants for RO processes. Our study started from the suspected performance of SDI as a RO fouling index. SDI data from pilot plants located world wide including South Korea were collected and analyzed. Suspended partcle concentration (i.e., turbidity and particle counts), and dissolved organic matter concentration (i.e., dissolved orgnaic carbon (DOC) concentration) data were also collected and compared to SDI values of same water samples. We found that SDI values were not only affected by suspended particle concentration but also by dissolved organic matter concentration. Therefore SDI can be used as a reasonable fouling index for RO feed water because the main foulants for RO processes are suspended particle and dissolved organic matter.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.909-918
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• 2009

급수시스템에서 박테리아 재성장의 영양원이 되는 DOC를 정수처리 공정에서 효과적으로 저감시키기 위하여 생분해와 흡착으로 구분하여 네 종류의 DOC로 분획하였고 각각의 제거특성을 연구하였다. 네 종류의 분획 DOC는 흡착성을 가지면서 생분해성이 없는 AnBDOC, 흡착성이 없고 생분해성만이 있는 nABDOC, 흡착과 생분해성을 동시에 나타내는 ABDOC, 흡착과 생분해가 되지 않는 nAnBDOC로 구분하여 분석하였다. 낙동강 중류에 위치한 정수처리장 원수의 조사결과, ADOC가 BDOC보다 약간 높은 비율로 존재하고 있으며, 오존산화 후에는 분획 DOC 중에서 AnBDOC 농도가 가장 많이 제거되었으며, 제거율은 nAnBDOC가 49.5%로 가장 높았다. BAC 공정으로 제거된 분획 DOC 중에는 ADOC가 약 91%를 차지하고 있으므로 흡착에 의한 제거가 우수한 것으로 나타났고, 잔류하는 TDOC 0.50 mg/L 중에는 ADOC가 0.46 mg/L(67.7%)을 차지하고 있으므로 배수관내 미생물 증식 및 소독부생성물의 생성 방지를 위하여 BAC 공정상에서 EBCT증가, 재생주기 등의 운전조건을 개선해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 정수처리 공정에서 DOC분획 결과로부터 흡착이나 생분해 등으로 제거 가능량을 파악할 수 있으므로 정수처리 공정에 유용한 것으로 나타났다. 염소처리하는 정수처리 공정에서 DOC분획 농도와 밀접한 관계를 가지는 AOX의 분석결과, AOX 7.1 ${\mu}g$/L은 오존산화와 활성탄흡착 공정으로 0.51 ${\mu}g$/L까지 충분히 제거되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.284-299
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• 2020

Dam reservoirs play a particularly crucial role in processing the allochthonous and the autochthonous dissolved (DOC) and the particulate (POC) organic carbon and in the budget of global carbon cycle. However, the complex physical and biogeochemical processes make it difficult to capture the temporal and spatial dynamics of the DOC and the POC in reservoirs. The purpose of this study was to simulate the dynamics of the DOC and the POC in Daecheong Reservoir using the 3-D hydrodynamics and water quality model (AEM3D), and to quantify the mass balance through the source and sink fluxes analysis. The AEM3D model was calibrated using field data collected in 2017 and showed reasonable performance in the water temperature and the water quality simulations. The results showed that the allochthonous and autochthonous proportions of the annual total organic carbon (TOC) loads in the reservoir were 55.5% and 44.5%, respectively. In season, the allochthonous loading was the highest (72.7%) in summer, while in autumn, the autochthonous loading was the majority (77.1%) because of the basal metabolism of the phytoplankton. The amount of the DOC discharged to downstream of the dam was similar to the allochthonous load into the reservoir. However, the POC was removed by approximately 96.6% in the reservoir mainly by the sedimentation. The POC sedimentation flux was 36.21 g-C/㎡/yr. In terms of space, the contribution rate of the autochthonous organic carbon loading was high in order of the riverine zone, the transitional zone, and the lacustrine zone. The results of the study provide important information on the TOC management in the watersheds with extensive stagnant water, such as dam reservoirs and weir pools.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.458-468
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in an agricultural reservoir during the monsoon period (June to October, 2020) with respect to the organic carbon concentration (DOC), molecular weight distribution, and optical properties. The monsoon period was divided into three phases - beginning storm (BS), during storm (DS), and after storm (AS). Our results showed significant differences in the concentrations and characteristics of DOM during the summer monsoon. The DOC concentrations were decreased after the monsoon, probably due to a dilution effect. In contrast, increasing trends were observed in the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), and relative abundances of humic-like fluorescence and larger-sized compounds. These observations implied that the large-sized and humic-like organic components with terrestrial origins strongly affected the reservoir DOM after the summer monsoon. Meanwhile, biopolymer size fraction, which is associated with algal activity, became more abundant after the monsoon. These results suggest that DOM with autochthonous sources became dominant as a result of the inflow of nutrients into the reservoir after the storm. Spatial changes in DOM within the reservoir were not pronounced as much as the temporal variations. All taken, it can be concluded that the summer monsoon simply led to the decrease of DOM concentrations while the sources and the quality of DOM underwent substantial changes, which may enrich refractory organic matter in the reservoir. This study reveals the importance of in-depth DOM quality monitoring before and after summer monsoon for effective water quality management in agricultural reservoirs.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1999

The objective of present work is to evaluate the optimum coagulation conditions in order to decrease dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and turbidity at different polyaluminum chloride dosage and pH from Nakdong River water. This studies were carried out to examine distribution on apparent molecular weight(AMW) of DOC in the Nakdong River water and its coagulation-sedimentation water. On the basis of jar tests, at the optimum coagulation pH in order to decrease DOC and turbidity were pH 5.0~6.0 and optimum dosage of polyaluminum chloride were 10~15mg $Al_2O_3/L$. The removal percentage of DOC and UV-254 absorbance were 35~40%, 45~60%, respectively. In pilot plant, at the optimum coagulation pH in order to decrease DOC and turbidity were 5.0-6.5, and the removal percentage of DOC were 30~45%. Distributions of AMW in the Nakdong River, less than 6,800dalton were 60.7% 6,800~11,000dalton were 32.8%, more than 11,000dalton were 6.4%. When the polyaluminum chloride dosage was 12~20mg/L, the removal percentages of each AMW for AMW of Nakdong River water, less than 6,800dalton were 25~28%, 6,800~11,000dalton were 65~68% more than 11,000dalton were 10~60%.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.337-347
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• 1999

This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of dissolved organics based on their origins, which were divided into two categories. The first group consisted of river, lake and secondary sewage treatment effluent, which were chosen as representative of their origins. The second group were artificial samples which were made of AHA(Aldrich humic acids) and WHA(Wako humic acids). Physicochemical characteristics, biological degradability and THMEP(trihalomethane formation potential) of the samples were analysed based on the AMWD(apparent molecular weight distribution). Large portion of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the river and lake samples was comprised of LMW(low molecular weight), which that of AHA and WHA was HMW(high molecular weight). The DOC of the lake was evenly distributed in the all range of molecular weight. The river, lake and secondary treated effluent have lower ultraviolet(UV) absorbance at 254nm, and have a higher amount of humic acids. Higher absorbance of humic acids means that aliphatic bond and benzenoid type components that absorb UV light were contained in these kind of humic acids. It was expected that lake sample was the most biodegradable in the different samples investigated, and in order of secondary sewage treatment effluent, river, WHA and AHA based on the result of determination of specific ultraviolet absorbance(SUVA). Biodegradability showed similar result except for AHA, while dissolved organics in the range of LMW decreased during the biodegradability test, and on the contrary those of HMW increased. Production of the SMPs(soluble micobial products) was observed during humicfication of dissolved organics and the SMPs were higher production of the SMPs. THM formation was high in the samples containing HMW and similar tendency was shown in the THMEP(trihalomethane formation potential), except for WHA.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.969-975
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• 2010

Estimating the organic matter loadings from individual treated sewage has become important for establishment of effective management strategies to control refractory organic matter (R-OM) in watersheds. For this study, regression equations were constructed using treated sewage data to convert the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, which are mostly available from open database, into total organic carbon (TOC) and R-OM concentrations. Effluent samples were collected from five major sewage treatment plants (STPs) located upstream of the lake Paldang. Variations in the OM concentrations were not associated with either the location of the STP or the sampling season. The effluent investigated were characterized by higher ratio of R-OM with respect to biodegradable organic matter (B-OM) and higher presence of dissolved organic matters (DOM) versus particulate organic matter (POM). Compared to $COD_{Mn}$, $COD_{Cr}$ exhibited higher oxidation efficiencies and greater variations in the concentrations. The concentrations of $COD_{Mn}$ were positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC), and R-OM concentrations. There was nearly no seasonal and annual variation in the regression equations between $COD_{Mn}$ and TOC or R-OM concentrations. The constructed regression equations for TOC and R-OM were $0.650({\pm}0.071){\times}COD_{Mn}+1.426({\pm}0.575)$ and $0.340({\pm}0.083){\times}COD_{Mn}+2.054({\pm}0.670)$, respectively. The established equations are expected to contribute to estimating OM loadings from the STPs into the lake Paldang and also to compensating for the deficiency of the data for effluent OM concentrations in STP.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.361-364
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 오존과 생물활성탄을 연계시킨 공정을 통하여 용존 유기물질의 제거 경향을 살펴보았다. 오존 처리를 거치면서 원수중의 난분해성 용존 유기물질과 같이 생물학적 분해 속도가 느린 화합물의 상당량이 저분자 형태로 전환되었음을 파악할 수 있었으며, 오존 처리후의 생분해성의 향상에 의해 흡착의 부담이 경감되어 활성탄의 수명이 연장되는 것으로 조사되었다. 생물활성탄 반응조 내에서 여층 깊이에 따른 DOC 제거 경향을 알아본 결과, 전체 제거량의 약 50%가 column 상단에서 제거되었으며, 따라서 짧은 EBCT 에서도 용존 유기탄소의 제거는 용이한 것을 사료된다. 또한 유기 오염에 대한 지표로서 국내외에서 일반적으로 고도정수처리의 처리 대상물질로 선정되어 있는 암모니아성 질소의 제거는 75.9%로 상당히 높은 제거율을 나타내었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the formation of DBPs(Disinfection By-products) such as trihalomethane(THMs) and haloacetic acid(HAAs) by chlorination in raw water and finished water of Water Treatment Plant(WTP). The formation of THMs was increased with the increase of pH and reaction time. HAAs was found as a high formation at a pH 7 and low formation at pH 9. THMFP(Trihalomethane Formation Potential) was the highest formation potential in raw water of Pu-1 and the lowest in raw water of Pa-1. In case of HAAFP(Haloacetic acid formation potential), So-1 showed the highest value, while Pa-1 showed the lowest value. It was investigated the relationship between HAAs and organic matters which were described as DOC(dissolved organic carbon) and $UV_{254}$. In both DOC and $UV_{254}$ versus HAAFP, Pu-1 showed the good correlation coefficients($r^2$) with 0.95 and 0.84, respectively. For three WTP investigated, DBPs(THMs + HAAs) was shown over the range of $42.00{\sim}49.36{\mu}g/L$. This result might be due to the different characteristic of organic matters in raw water and the difference of chlorine dosage for a water treatment.