• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.283-296
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• 2006

과학기술의 발전과 더불어 보건의료분야는 괄목할 성장을 가져왔고 국민생활 수준의 향상과 건강에 대한 관심이 고조됨에 따라 의료서비스의 수요가 급증하고 있다. 이 과정에서 국민의 권리의식의 신장, 의료행위의 본질에 대한 이해부족, 의료기술에 대한 지나친 기대, 상업화된 의료공급체계, 의사의 윤리의식 저하 및 의료법리에 대한 무지 그리고 사회적 불신풍조의 만연, 분쟁해결을 위한 제도적 장치의 결여 등이 요인으로 작용하여 의료사고 및 분쟁이 급증하는 추세이다. 본 연구는 치과관련 단체에서 보유하고 있는 소송과 관련된 자료 및 연세대학교 치과대학병원 구강내과에서 신체감정을 시행한 재판기록을 중심으로 하여 판결전문을 확보할 수 있는 치과 의료사고 판례 중 1994년부터 2004년까지의 민사소송 30례의 판례를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 소송의 연도별 분포에서 2000년 이후 급증하는 추세를 보였다. 2. 소송의 유형별 분포에서 발치와 관련된 소송이 전체의 36.7% 이었다. 3. 소송의 원인을 분석한 결과 불편감, 치료불만족과 관련된 것이 전체의 36.7%, 사망 및 영구손상이 각각 16.7% 이었다. 4. 원고의 소송결과 승소 및 강제조정, 화해권고결정이 60.0% 이었다. 5. 소송에 관련된 병원유형은 치과의원이 60.0%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 6. 소송의 심급별 구성비율에서 2,3심 이상 진행된 경우가 전체의 30.0% 이었다. 7. 손해배상 청구금액은 5천만원 이상 1억원 미만이 36.7%, 1억원 이상이 13.3% 이었고 손해배상 판결금액은 1천만원 이상 3천만원 미만이 40.0%, 1억원 이상이 6.7% 이었다. 8. 소송과 관련된 치과의사수는 2명 이상이 26.7%이었다. 9. 판결까지의 소요기간은 11개월에서 20개월이 46.7%, 21개월에서 30개월이 36.7% 이었다. 10. 의료과실 유무에서는 과실을 판정한 경우가 46.7% 이었고 소송과정에서 신체감정이나 사실조회가 이루어진 경우는 70.0% 이었다. 11. 의사패소 판례(18건)에서 판결의 주안점은 주의의무위반이 72.2% 이었고, 설명의무위반이 16.7% 이었다. 치과 의료분쟁의 경우 치료의 긴급성이 상대적으로 적어 의사의 설명의무 중요성이 폭넓게 요구되며, 주관적인 치료 만족도가 중요시되는 분야이기 때문에 결국 분쟁을 줄이는 방법으로 기술적인 과실도 줄여야 하지만 치과의사와 환자와의 신뢰 관계를 개선하는 것과 의사집단의 자율성(autonomy)의 회복이 중요하다. 그리고 불합리하게 시행되고 있는 의료배상책임보험의 보완과 함께 치과의사단체와 학계가 주도하는 교육 및 의료분쟁시 자문을 구할 수 있는 체계의 확립으로 의료분쟁에 대한 대처가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 해양안보
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.211-235
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• 2021

1982년 4월 2일부터 6월 14일까지 지속한 포클랜드제도 분쟁 결과, 영국은 전쟁 승리를 통해 극심한 경제불황의 위기를 넘어 과거 화려한 대영제국의 영광을 되찾을 수 있었다. 반면 아르헨티나는 군사독재 정권의 몰락과 민주정권의 탄생에 지대한 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 포클랜드분쟁에 관해 "DIME on PMESII"를 적용함으로써, 미래 독도에서 발생 가능한 해양분쟁 대응전략을 제시하고자 작성되었다. 특히 분쟁지역을 실효적으로 지배하고 있는 국가가 가진 총체적 국력의 수단으로서 외교·정보·군사·경제, 즉 DIME 능력이 어떤 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 동시에 반대 시야에서 해당지역을 실효적으로 지배하지 못하는 국가의 정치·군사·경제·사회·정보 및 기반시설, 즉 PMESII 체계를 적용해 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 독도 해양분쟁 관련 대응전략으로 첫째, 영국과 같이 분쟁영토에 대한 실효적 지배를 효과적으로 지속하고 강화해나가야 한다. 이를 통해, 국민에 대한 애국심 고취 및 전시정부에 대한 지지, 정당한 전쟁명분의 확보, 국제적인 지지를 얻을 수 있다. 둘째, 현대 전쟁을 분석할 때 자국의 DIME 능력을 상대국의 PMESII 체계 약점에 집중하는 'DIME on PMESII'가 효과적임을 증명할 수 있었다. 이제는 전쟁을 수행하는 데 있어 군사력만으로 상호 충돌하는 형태가 아니라 국가의 총체적인 국력인 외교·정보·경제분야 능력을 즉각적으로 투입해야 한다. 셋째, 미래 독도 해양분쟁에 대한 철저한 대비가 필요하므로, 해양에서의 제한된 국지전 가능성을 극복하기 위해 주변국에 대한 적절한 전략이 필요하다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권40호
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• pp.144-161
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• 2016

A unanimous Award has been issued on 12 July 2016 by the Arbitral Tribunal constituted under Annex VII to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in the arbitration instituted by the Republic of the Philippines against the People's Republic of China. The current security issues in the regional sea shall be carefully reflected to anticipate whether the Award could resolve the existing political conflict or rather will grow military tension in the region. The Award clearly directs the scope of delimiting maritime jurisdiction to coastal States in the Southern China sea, so it seems to help facilitating finding resolutions of regional disputes on maritime boundaries. On the other hand, there are several limitations in reality to implementation of the decisions included in the Award. USA could use the decisions to restrict military activities and exercise of unilateral maritime jurisdiction by China in the region, while China shall encounter guilt to illegitimacy of its activities as well as shaking the legal foundation of its policy in the region. Then the resolution of this dispute through application of international law would rather cause more political confusion. The intension of bringing the case to an international court were to resolve political difficulties. If, however, the political difficulties are not properly reflected in the legal decisions, such decision would possibly raise more political risks.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.137-160
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• 2021

The customized cosmetics preparation management qualification system was implemented in March 2020, and it served to create jobs by developing professionals and vitalizing the cosmetics business. However, various problems such as high examination fees, suitability of questions, and utilization in industries are emerging. This paper attempts to prevent disputes that the system can cause and suggest ways to improve it by researching customized cosmetics, the industry status, and comparing foreign cosmetics laws. There is a kind of opinion that laws should be eased for this industry and the other opinion that expertise is necessary in this field because of safety. The system now has adverse effects due to a failure to adjust the difficulty of the exam. Cosmetics are not prescription-based, so they are routinely used. However, some toxic ingredients can cause side effects if they do not conform with certain standards. Also, it is difficult for a case to lead to lawsuits because most consumer damages related to cosmetics are individual. In addition, as e-commerce develops, there is a growing possibility of seeing more consumer damages. If safety and distribution issues, which experts are concerned about, escalate, the private dispute settlement system (among the ADR systems) should be activated as a resolution method.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.629-635
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• 2011

Retentions are generally considered to be intended to act as a powerful tool to incentivize contractors/subcontractors to remedy defective work in cases of non-performance. This study attempts to establish the extent to which retentions can be used for this purpose by investigating case law connected with insurance and defective work. One of the significant questions is whether retentions are sufficient to deal with construction defects or value of retentions in the rectification of defects is illusory. The cost to repair a defect may vary depending on a number of components including type, cause, magnitude and the construction stage at which the defect occurs. It is expected that a review of existing cases on defective workmanship will provide an insight on the issues and whether retentions are effective in their intended function. In order to establish their functionality, the study described in this paper investigated 6 construction insurance cases to identify the critical issues and the causes of dispute. It was found that the nature and the cause of defects were different in each case. It was also established that certain defect types not covered by insurance may be covered by retentions - potentially one of the key uses of a retention strategy. It is expected that the findings will assist in forming a view on the quantum of money that may be required paving the way for a first time understanding on a rational basis for setting up retention regime.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2010

의료사고란 의료서비스를 제공할 경우 발생하는 예기치 않은 사고'를 말하며, 의사는 환자치료에 대한 책임을 진다. 의료분쟁은 치료를 받는 과정에서 피해를 입었다고 생각하는 환자와 환자 진료에 대한 의무를 다하지 못한 의사 개인 간의 분쟁이다. 불행하게도 실제로 의료분쟁은 상호이해를 통하거나 상호 의사소통을 통한 공무상의 접근대신에 의료분쟁소송으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구의 배경은 의료분쟁의 판례 분석을 통하여 의료분쟁의 유사한 사례를 예방하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 의료기관 설립구분에서는 병원급이 62.9%로 가장 많았다. 둘째, 의료분쟁의 발생 원인으로는 수술이 27.8%로 가장 많았고 그다음이 주의의무 위반 20.6% 그리고 진료가 11.3%를 차지하였다. 셋째, 진료과목에 따른 평균 배상급액은 산부인과가 38,384,000원으로 가장 높았다. 결론적으로 의료분쟁을 해결하기 위한 가장 좋은 방법은 의료분쟁의 원인 자체를 예방하기 위하여 진료과정에서 보다 세심한 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.259-266
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• 2004

The vibration of slab causes a sudden change of air pressure in the interface between slab and air to create structure home sound. Floor impact noise induced from the vibration of slab became one of the hottest social issues in these day, and it took the biggest parts of the cause of damage in environmental dispute. Because the structure borne sound of slab is different from the dynamic characteristic of slab, it is required more precise vibroacaustic analysis. In this study, we was trying to understand by what mechanism the slab noise is induced from the slab vibration and the relationship between the dynamic propety of slab and the noise is shown by the numerical simulation.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.81-106
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• 1998

This study aims to point out what is the basic idea and principle of weed control in or-ganic farming. The korean organic agriculture gets a point in dispute on weed control, be-cause 1) they do not practice the Basic Standard of IFOAM and FAO/WHO Codex Guidelines(draft), and 2) Korean organic farming is defined quite differently from internationally recognized core aspects for organic agriculture. Organic farming, in Korea, is taken to mean just the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure and a-voidance of agricultural chemicals without practicing on rotation, cropping system and so on. As a consequence, organic farmers in Korea are suffering from hard labor to control the weed. In the paper it is discussed on organical weed control method which are required in the Basic Standard of IFOAM and guidelined in the Organic Production Principles of FAO/WHO Codex draft, and furthermore the single or combination effect of those method are also discussed. In conclusion it is suggest the necessity, purpose, and effect of the introduction of the basic stan-dard to korean organic agriculture including organical weed control.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.940-948
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• 2000

Noise and vibration generated at construction sites become serious issues because of bigger construction projects and growing use of heavy equipment. Especially in downtown construction, noise and vibration easily exceed the legal standards that can suffer the most of surrounding residents. The number of complaints by the residents who are exposed to the noise increases as their consciousness grows. However, the Korean regulations for the construction noise and vibration only present the overall limits for target areas and times zones, and this make it difficult to take effective measures. Also in rural area, disputes between construction sites and residents arise, but the dispute resolution or taking measures are difficult because clear standards concerning cause-and-effect, estimation of effective levels, calculation of damages, and future precautions and examples lack. This paper describes legal standards regarding the noise and vibration and presents judging standards for the physical damages. This paper also introduces example public complaints that happened at Daewoo construction sites to describe the problems in the existing law and further to enable smooth construction progresses by emphasizing the seriousness of public complaints.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술기술논문발표대회 논문집
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• pp.141-147
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• 2005

Usually, processing whole project or a part of frame work delays due to acceleration, changing orders, management, characters of project. overtime, worker crowding, early occupation in the field of construction. Through a whole project, these factors cause decreasing construction labor-productivity which is the most dependent in business of construction. These kind of decreasing of construction labor-productivity cause many negative effects, just as extension of time, increasing cost in project of construction. Regardless of characters of construction or decreasing labor-productivity, extension of time is a incident which needs acceleration, also it cause a high possibility of claim and dispute. The productivity has just a broad meaning in business of construction. That's why it's difficult to apply in the field of construction. Especially, factors increasing or decreasing labor-productivity is defined by analysis of working as qualitative and outlined evaluation. However, study of the each factor decreasing construction labor-productivity analysis has not researched, because of difficulty of systematic measurement and management. The existed studies about management of productivity are just focused on estimation of productivity, not on evaluation of productivity. It was true that I couldn't examine clearly about the analysis of how much important per each the factor which have influence on labor-productivity because of the characteristic as qualitative that the labor productivity have On this study, i tried to get the factors decreasing of labor- productivity with gathering opinions of panels of expert's studies about the factors decreasing of labor-productivity on project of construction through Delphi method and i evaluated the result factors as quantitatively and subjectively about importance of factors decreasing construction labor-productivity Analysis, using AHP Method by Saaty. Also, using Delphi and AHP method, 1 suggest substantiated method qualitative factors are measured by quantitative criteria.