• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2004

Reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition(RPCYD) technology has been investigated for the growth of SiGe epitaxial films with two dimensional in-situ doped boron impurities. The two dimensional $\delta$-doped impurities can supply high mobility carriers into the channel of SiGe heterostructure MOSFETs(HMOS). Process parameters including substrate temperature, flow rate of dopant gas, and structure of epitaxial layers presented significant influence on the shape of two dimensional dopant distribution. Weak bonds of germanium hydrides could promote high incorporation efficiency of boron atoms on film surface. Meanwhile the negligible diffusion coefficient in SiGe prohibits the dispersion of boron atoms: that is, very sharp, well defined two-dimensional doping could be obtained within a few atomic layers. Peak concentration and full-width-at-half-maximum of boron profiles in SiGe could be achieved in the range of 10$^{18}$ -10$^{20}$ cm$^{-3}$ and below 5 nm, respectively. These experimental results suggest that the present method is particularly suitable for HMOS devices requiring a high-precision channel for superior performance in terms of operation speed and noise levels to the present conventional CMOS technology.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.233-237
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• 2005

Rheological properties of acorn flour-guar gum mixtures (4% w/w) at different guar gum concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% w/w) were evaluated in steady and dynamic shear. The acorn flour-guar gum mixtures at $25^{\circ}C$ showed high shear-thinning flow behavior (n= 0.20-0.27). Consistency index (K), apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,100}$), and Casson yield stress (${\sigma}_{oc}$) increased with the increase in guar gum concentration. Within the temperature range of $25-70^{\circ}C$, the {\eta}_{a,100}$ of mixtures obeyed the Arrhenius relationship with high determination coefficient ($R^2=\;0.974-0.994$). Activation energy values (5.37-6.77 kJ/mole) of acorn flour dispersions in the mixtures with guar gum (0.2-0.8%) were much lower than that (12.5 kJ/mole) of acorn flour dispersion (0% guar gum). Storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), and complex viscosity (${\eta}^*$) increased with the increase in guar gum concentration. Dynamic rheological data of 1n (G', G") versus ln frequency (w) of guar gum-acorn flour mixtures had positive slopes with G' greater than G" over most of the frequency range, indicating that they exhibited weak gel-like behavior.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.451-460
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• 2013

In a direct coal fuel cell (DCFC) system, it is essential to identify volume fraction of coal suspended in electrolyte melt in order to control its dispersion and fluidity. This requirement is compelling especially at anode channel where hot slurry is likely to flow at low velocity. In this study, light scattering techniques were employed to measure the volume fraction for a pulverized coal suspension with relatively high absorption coefficient. The particle size, scattering angle, and volume fraction were varied to evaluate their effects on the scattering behavior as well as scattering regime. The larger coal size and smaller forward scattering angle could provide a shift to more favorable scattering regime, i.e., independent scattering, where interferences of light scattering from one particle with others are suppressed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.22-30
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• 1992

The propagation of coherent time-harmonic elastic SH waves in a medium with random distribution of cylindrical inclusions is studied for characterizing the dynamic elastic modulus and the attenuation property of fiber-reinforced composite materials. A multiple scattering theory using the single scattering coefficients in conjunction with the Lax's quasicrystalline approximation is derived and from which the dispersion relation for such medium is obtained. The pair-correlation functions between the cylinders which are needed to formulate the multiple scattering interaction between the cylinders are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation method.From the numerically calculated complex wavenumbers, the propagation speed of the average wave, the coherent attenuation coefficient and the effective shear modulus are presented as functions of frequency and area density.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.297.2-297.2
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• 2014

Strong exciton-photon coupling in microcavities have generated an intense research effort since quasiparticles called exciton polaritons are produced and shows interesting phenomena. Most of studies have been done with GaAs based microcavities at cryogenic temperature. Recently, GaN material which has large exciton binding energy and oscillator strength has much attention because strong coupling between photon and exciton could be realized at room temperature. However, fabrication of high quality microcavity using GaN is challengeable due to the large mismatch between the lattice and the thermal expansion coefficient in GaN based distributed Bragg mirror. Here, we observed strong coupling regime of exciton-photon in GaN micro-rods which were grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy (MOCVD) on Si substrate. Owing to the hexagonal cross-section of micro-rod, whispering gallery modes of photon are naturally formed and could be coupled with exciton in GaN. Using angle-resolved micro-photoluminescence measurement, exciton polariton dispersion curves were directly observed from GaN micro-rod. We expect room temperature exciton polariton condensation could be realized in high quality GaN micro-rod.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05c
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• pp.170-176
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• 2002

In this papers, we proposed the feature extraction method due to partial discharge type of transformers. For wavelet transform, Daubechie's filter is used, we can obtain wavelet coefficients which is used to extract feature of statistical parameters (maximum value, average value, dispersion, skewness, kurtosis) about acoustic emission signal generated from each partial discharge type. The defects which could occur in a transformer were simulated by using needle-plane electrode, IEC electrode and Void electrode. Also, these coefficients are used to identify signal of partial discharge type electrode fault in transformer. As a result, from compare of acoustic emission amplitude and acoustic average value, we are obtained results of IEC electrode> Void electrode> Needle-Plane electrode. otherwise, In case of skewness and kurtosis, we are obtained results of Needle-Plane electrode electrode> Void electrode> IEC electrode.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2009

A network model and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to solve the simultaneous estimation of the trip distribution and traffic assignment from traffic counts in the congested networks in a logit-based Stochastic User Equilibrium (SUE). The model is formulated as a problem of minimizing a non-linear objective function with the linear constraints. In the model, the flow-conservation constraints are utilized to restrict the solution space and to force the link flows become consistent to the traffic counts. The objective of the model is to minimize the discrepancies between two sets of link flows. One is the set of link flows satisfying the constraints of flow-conservation, trip production from origin, trip attraction to destination and traffic counts at observed links. The other is the set of link flows those are estimated through the trip distribution and traffic assignment using the path flow estimator in the logit-based SUE. In the proposed GA, a chromosome is defined as a real vector representing a set of Origin-Destination Matrix (ODM), link flows and route-choice dispersion coefficient. Each chromosome is evaluated by the corresponding discrepancies. The population of the chromosome is evolved by the concurrent simplex crossover and random mutation. To maintain the feasibility of solutions, a bounded vector shipment technique is used during the crossover and mutation.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.237-246
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• 2012

In this study, numerical model for transport of radionuclide and colloid was developed. In order to solve reaction-migration governing equation for colloid and radionuclide, Strang-splitting Sequential Non-Iterative (SNI), which is one of Operator Splitting Method, was used for numerical method and this was coded by MATLAB. From the verification by comparing the simulation results with analytical solution considering only solute transport and rock diffusion, the Pearson's correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99 which demonstrates the accuracy of the model.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.28-34
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• 2007

The optical and physical properties of alkyl-substituted anthraquinoid dyes were investigated in terms of dyeing of pure polypropylene fiber. The length of alkyl substituents of the dyes did not affect the molar extinction coefficient and maximum absorption wavelength of them. The use of a double-tailed cationic surfactant, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDDMAB), could make the hydrophobic dyes dispersed in water effectively. As the amount of DDDMAB increased, the average particle size of dye dispersion decreased. Maximum color strength of the fabrics was shown in the case that 1.5 molar ratio of DDDMAB was used. As for the fastness properties, commercially acceptable result was obtained in general.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2009

Radio frequency (RF) plasma treatment is studied for the size reduction and the spheroidization of coarse particles to change them into nano-sized powders of spherical shape in MLCC fields. The uni-nanoadditives manufactured by RF plasma processing for high dispersion have been investigated for the effect on core-shell structure in dielectrics of MLCC. Microstructures have been characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA). We compared the distribution of core-shell grains between specimens manufactured using uni-nanoadditive and using mixed additive. In addition, the uniformity of rare earth elements in the core-shell structured grains was analyzed. It was shown, from TEM observations, that the sintered specimen manufactured using uni-nanoadditives had more dense small grains with well-developed core-shell structure than the specimen using mixed additives, which had a homogeneous microstructure without abnormal grain growth and shows broad temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) curves in all temperature ranges because of well dispersed additives.