• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

Objectives : This study examined the association between body mass index(BMI) and psychological factors; self-esteem, depression, restraint eating, disinhibition, and hunger. The difference of TFEQ(restraint eating, disinhibition and hunger) was analyzed in variety of current diet situations. Methods : The research was based on a sample of people who visited our website and submit the result of self test(self-esteem n=3183; TFEQ n=5167; BDI n=2457). Results : Self-esteem and BDI was slightly correlated with BMI. There is negative correlation between restraint eating and BMI and positive correlations were observed between hunger and BMI, and disinhibition and BMI. We studied diet situation and eating habits. We divided the sample into 4 groups in accordance with self-submitted result: non-diet group(n=2806), diet-failed group within 3 months group(n=371), maintaining group after successful-diet(n=233), on-going diet group(n=1757) As to restraint eating, non-diet group showed the lowest score in restraint eating and maintaining group after successful-diet showed the highest. The score in disinhibition and hunger was significantly lower in maintaining group after successful-diet group than one in diet-failed group. Conclusion : These results suggest that it would be essential to treat these psychological factors such as depression and self-esteem in weight loss program. Considering the result in diet-situation and TFEQ, we insist that restraint-eating and disinhibition should be controlled. If these psychological factors were not treated in place, even the successful diet might turn out to be a worse situation like binge-eating

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control (HLOC) and the eating behaviors in obese high school girls. The sample consisted of 262 obese high school girls in Seoul and Kangwon-Do. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC- Internal; 4.06, HLOC-External; 2.47, and HLOC-Chance; 2.15. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.91, Hunger ; 2.73, Dietary Restraint ; 2.55. 3. The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC- Chance and hunger was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and other eating behavior factors (dietary restraint & disinhibition) were not correlated in the level of statistical significances. The HLOC-External and eating behavior (dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the existence of an obese sibling. There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC- External depending on the evaluation of one's body figure. 5. There were significant differences in disinhibition and hunger depending on the existence of obese sibling. Also, there were significant difference in dietary restraint according to self perception of who is obese or not (t=3.342, p=.001). This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.377-388
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• 1997

This study was done to develop a eating behavior scale for high school girls using Stunkard and Messick(1985)'s three factors(dietary restraint disinhibition, hunger) as a conceptual framework and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. The subjects were 202 high school girls. The convenience sample is consist of 96 normal weight and 106 obese girls. Data were collected between October 28 and November 25 in 1996 and analyzed using the SPSS package. The new 32-item scale measuring these factors is presented 1. Three stable factors emerged and these contributed 45.7% of the variance in the total score. All 32 items loaded above .35 on each factor, 2. Factor 1 was named disinhibition(14 items), factor 2 was named cognitive restraint of eating(10 items), factor 3 was named hunger(8 items). Comparison of factor Ⅰ, factor Ⅱ, factor Ⅲ between normal subjects and obese subjects showed that there was a significant difference in factor Ⅱ & Ⅲ, not in factor Ⅰ. 3. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistancy was .9393 for total 32 items and .8820, .8652, .8490 for three dimensions of eating behavior in high school girls. Recommendations are suggested below : 1. Replication study with appropriate age groups be done to test validity and reliability, 2. The present developed scale must be a reliable measure of eating behavior and should have utility in further study on how effective nursing intervention related to different kind of groups such as disinhibition group and cognitive restraint of eating group. 3. To extend validity of the scale, further study is needs using more larger subjects which is consists of dieters and free eaters.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to describe Eating Behavior for High school boys who are obesity using three factors(dietary restraint, disinhibition, hunger). The subjects were 200 high school boys. The convenience sample is consist of 101 normal weight boys and 99 obeses weight boys. Data were collected between Mat 1 and June 20 in 2000 and analyzed using the SAS package. The results are as follows: 1. The first hypothesis was not supported that is, the normal weight boys much more doing dietary restraint than the obese boys. 2. The second hypothesis was supported that is, the obese boys more experience disinhibition than the normal weight boys. 3. The third hypothesis was supported that is, the obese boys more experience hunger than the normal weight boys. The eating behavior of obese boys is different that of normal weight boys, The obese boys more experience disinhibition and hunger than the normal weight boys, but dietary restraint was more done the normal weight boys than the obese boys.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2370-2378
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• 2016

Social Network Service(SNS) users are increasing globally. Within that trend, 'SNS attacking' victims are increasing in social network service space like KakaoStory, facebook, or Instargram as people damage others' personality or reputation. In this paper is to investigate and analyze awareness of negative behavior attributed to disinhibition effect with undergraduates who are the group of people using social network service the most diversely in smart environment and devise preventive measures to reduce social network service attacking victims and attackers. In social network service space, undergraduates are hardly aware of other people's personality, defamation, or invasion of privacy, and the level of guilt they feel towards social network service attacking is seriously low. To solve this problem, this study suggests preventive measures so that they can be equipped with awareness and regulations right for this social network service age and can prevent negative behavior resulted from disinhibition effect.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health locus of control(HLOC) and eating behavior in obese middle school girls. Method: The sample consisted of 170 obese middle school girls in Seoul. Result: 1. The average scores of HLOC were HLOC-Internal ; 4.11, HLOC-External ; 2.45, HLOC-Chance ; 2.09. 2. The average scores of eating behavior factors were Disinhibition ; 2.69, Dietary Restraint ; 2.67, Hunger ; 2.55. 3. The HLOC-Internal and eating behavior(dietary restraint and hunger) were correlated positively. The HLOC-Chance and disinhibition was correlated positively. But HLOC-Chance and dietary restraint was correlated negatively. The HLOC-External and eating behavior(dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger) were correlated positively. 4. There was not a significant difference in HLOC depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling). There were significant differences in HLOC-Internal and HLOC-External according to thinking about oneself who is obese or not. 5. There was not a significant difference in eating behavior depending on the demographic characteristics(grade, degree of obesity, father & mother's body shape, existence of obese sibling, perception of oneself as a obese). Conclusion: This study has shown a correlation between HLOC and eating behavior. As a result of these findings, clinical and school nurses should be involved in management and counselling of obese girls concerning individual health locus of control and eating behavior.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2016

Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate associations between eating style and food intake of 45 female college students during Chuseok holidays. Methods: A ten-day food record was obtained and divided into two parts. The first five days (September 20-24, 2015) were considered as a 'Normal Day (ND 1-5)' and the subsequent five days (September 25-29) as 'Holiday (HD6-10)'. The middle three days (September 26-28) of the holidays were considered as the 'Peak Holiday (PD7- 9)'. Eating behaviors were measured using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and anthropometry was assessed in all study participants. Participants were grouped by cluster analysis according to the mean energy intake of the first three days of the Holiday. Results: Participants had a low-normal range of BMI and they were carefully restricting their food intake at Normal Day. Even the food intake did not exceed 2000 kcal per day during the Peak Holiday. External eating was the most prevalent type of eating behavior, followed by restrained eating and emotional eating. Normal energy and fat intake were correlated with the external eating subscale of the DEBQ. Restrained eating was associated with the weight, BMI, fat mass, waist, and hip girth of the subjects. Compared to the Normal Day, they overate during the Holiday with different eating styles including 'restraint', 'disinhibition', and 'fluctuation'. Therefore, neither eating behaviors nor anthropometry was associated with food intake during the Holiday. Although eating behaviors and anthropometric measures were not different among eating style clusters, the food intakes of disinhibition cluster were higher than those of restraint cluster during all the study periods. Conclusions: Subjects can be classified with the restraint, disinhibition, and fluctuation clusters. However, eating behaviors and anthropometry were not different among three clusters.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the cortical disinhibition in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain and without pain. In addition, we assessed the cortical disinhibition and pain relief after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Method: We recruited diabetic patients with neuropathic pain (n = 15) and without pain (n = 15). We compared the TMS parameters such as motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, cortical silent period (CSP), intracortical inhibition (ICI %) and intracortical facilitation (ICF %) between two groups. Moreover, we evaluated the changes of pain and TMS parameters after five consecutive high frequency (10 Hz) rTMS sessions in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain. The neuropathic pain intensity (visual analog scale) and TMS parameters were assessed on pre-rTMS, post-rTMS 1day, and post-rTMS 5 day. Results: The comparison of the CSP, ICI % revealed significant differences between two groups (p<0.01). After rTMS sessions, the decrease in pain intensity across the three time points revealed a pattern of significant differences (p<0.01). The change of CSP and ICI % across the three test points revealed a pattern of significant differences (p<0.01). The ICI % revealed immediate increase after first rTMS application and significant increase after five rTMS application (p<0.01) in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain. The MEP amplitude and ICF % did not reveal any significant changes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that cortical inhibition was decreased in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain compared with patients without pain. Furthermore, we also identified that five daily rTMS sessions restored the defective intracortical inhibition which related to improvement of neuropathic pain in diabetic patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 1993

Vertebrate retinal neurons, like brain tracts farm complex synaptic relations in the enter and inner plexiform layers which ape equivalent to the central nervous system nuclei. The effects of $\gamma-aminobutyric$ acid(GABA) and glycine on retinal neurons were explored to discern the mechanisms of action of neurotransmitters. Experiments were performed in the superfused retina-eyecup preparation of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, using intracellular electrophysiological techniques. The roles of GABA and glycine as inhibitory neurotransmitters are well established in the vertebrate retina. But, we found that the depolarizing action of GABA and glycine on third-order neurons in the catfish retina. GABA and glycine appeared to act on retinal ueurons based on the observations that (1) effects on photoreceptors were not observed, (2) horizontal cells were either hyperpolarized $({\sim}33%)$ or depolarized $({\sim}67%)$, (3) bipolar cells were all hyperpolarized (4) amacrine and ganglion cells were either hyperpolarized $({\sim}37%)$ or depolarized $({\sim}63%)$, (5) GABA and glycine may be working to suppress presynaptic inhibition. The results suggest that depolarization of third-order neurons by GABA and glycine is due to at least two mechanisms; a direct postsynaptic effect and an indirect effect. Therefore, in the catfish retina, a mechanism of presynaptic inhibition or disinhibition including the direct postsynaptic effect may exist in the third-order neurons.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Objective : This study examined whether Yangsung program (oriental psychological weight regulation model based on Confucian ideas) is effective on weight loss, self esteem, three factor on eating questionnaires(restraint eating, disinhibition and hunger), distortion of body-image and biochemistry of blood. Method : 23 women were assigned randomly into 2 groups; experimental group(n=10) and control group(n=13). Experimental group had 7 personal sessions consisting of personal Yangsung therapy, meditation, general diet and exercise education. Control group had personal sessions with general diet and exercise education once a week for 6 weeks. All subjects were weighed and evaluated with Rosenberg self esteem scale, distortion of body-image, biochemistry of blood and three factor eating questionnaires at the beginning and end of the program. Result : There is significant difference between two groups in changes of self esteem, disinhibition and hunger(p<0.05). There is no significant difference in weight reduction and BMI between two groups. Conclusion : This study showed a new possibility of unique psychological program for obesity characterized by its philosophical context.