• 지질공학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2013

가축 매몰지내 침출수의 누출은 인간과 다른 가축들에게 쉽게 질병을 확산시킬 수 있는 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 매몰된지 5개월 이내의 초기 16개 가축매몰지에 대한 침출수의 물리화학적 특성과 분자미생물학적 방법을 이용하여 침출수내 존재하는 호기성 미생물을 분석하였다. 총대장균군, 총유기탄소, 암모니아이온 및 질산성질소가 관련된 참고문헌자료에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 또한 암모니아 이온과 질산성질소는 국내 먹는물 기준치를 초과하여 나타났다. 16S rNA 서열 분석법을 사용하여 호기성 조건에서 침출수의 미생물 분포를 분석한 결과, 높은 빈도의 Bacillus pumilus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus 및 Bacillus sphaericus이 관찰되었지만, Bucillus cereus와 Salmonella와 같은 식중독 미생물은 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구는 가축매몰지로부터 형성되는 침출수에 대한 지질 매체 내에서의 거동특성, 처리 및 위해성 평가에 대한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2014

The socio-network activities for regional governments, agricultural research institutes, developing agencies and policy makers of any countries are very crucial and important to take into account the root cause of current problems faced by farmers. The survey was conducted in South Korea during the period January, 2008 to August, 2012 in order to shed light on prevalence of different diseases on watermelon in different regions and to better understand farmers' knowledge and perceptions for following watemelon's growing procedures and practices. A total of 590 cases were reported on 573 watermelon growers with highest 87.1% in Jeonbuk, 4.7% in Jeonnam, and 8.2% in other regions such as Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Chungnam, Gwangju, Gyeonggi, Daegu, Gangwon, Changwon and Seoul. The maximum percentages of cases recorded were related to diseases and insect pest (38.6%) followed by physiological disorder (29.7%), cultural practices (18.8%), soil and fertilizer (9.0%), herbicide (2.9%) and others (1.0%). It was observed that the manifestation aspects of the diseases were changed due to increasing in proportion of 'in-facility' cultivation to 12,995 ha compared to 'open-field' cultivation (2,722 ha). The present survey revealed the necessity to reduce the damages incurred at watermelon farms as soon as possible through the breeding program to develop resistant cultivar, use of pathogen-free propagating plants, and efficient prevention of pathogen by regular monitoring of watermelon plants at farms.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is known to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced injuries, and regional differences in the mitochondrial antioxidant state during IR or IPC may promote the death or survival of viable and infarcted cardiac tissues under oxidative stress. To date, however, the interplay between the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body has not yet been resolved. In the present study, we examined the effects of IR- and IPC-induced oxidative stresses on mitochondrial function in viable and infarcted cardiac tissues. Our results showed that the mitochondria from viable areas in the IR-induced group were swollen and fused, whereas those in the infarcted area were heavily damaged. IPC protected the mitochondria, thus reducing cardiac injury. We also found that the activity of the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme system, which includes manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), was enhanced in the viable areas compared to the infarcted areas in proportion with decreasing levels of ROS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage. These changes were also present between the IPC and IR groups. Regional differences in Mn-SOD expression were shown to be related to a reduction in mtDNA damage as well as to the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c). To the best of our knowledge, this might be the first study to explore the regional mitochondrial changes during IPC. The present findings are expected to help elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in IPC and helpful in the development of new clinical strategies against ischemic heart disease.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2007

This study was made to analyze the condition and the needs of nutrition education considering the different stage of nutrition education recognized by the dietitian in industrial area. 165 female dietitian were surveyed by questionnaire and they were divided into 4 groups according to the different recognition stages of nutrition education: Pre-contemplation(PC) 4.8%, Contemplation(CO) 46.7%, Preparation(PR) 22.4%, Action & Maintenance phase(AM) 26.1%. For statistical analysis, SAS(Ver.8.1. for Window) was used to find out the distribution related with nutrition education and to calculate the scores of mean and standard deviation. General characteristics of the subjects are about 20 years old(71.5%), single(69.7%), careers over 5 years(40%) and university graduates(73.9%). The number of meals(p<0.05) and the employment status(p<0.05) were significantly different according to the recognized stage of nutrition education. The practice of nutrition education was different depending on the dietitian in the industry. Many of the factory dietitian were in pre-contemplation stage(87.5%), however, those in the office and service area were more in Action & Maintenance stage(27.9%). In the industrial area, just 26.1% of dietitian operated the nutrition education and most did not due to the work overload and insufficient support of staff(73.3%). The frequency for the most effective nutrition education was once a month(61.2%). The contents for desirable nutrition education were in the order of 'eating habits'(36.1%), 'relation with the daily life'(23.5%), 'food hygiene' (21.7%), 'nutrition knowledge'(9.7%), and 'disease prevention'(9%). In operating nutrition education, dietitian had concerns about 'insufficient support of staff', 'shortage of teaching materials' and 'lack of time'. And, the dietitian who were with lower recognition stage of nutrition education(P<0.05) concerned more about the insufficient educational contents. In conclusion, dietitian in the industry highly recognized the need of nutrition education, but it was so difficult to practice. For more programs and various materials should be developed, and the staff's perception, the view of dietitian and the meal service should be changed, too. For the health improvement of industrial workers, it would be necessary to proclaim the importance of nutrition education nationwide.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3639-3644
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• 2015

Oral, cervical and breast cancers, which are either preventable and/or amenable to early detection and treatment, are the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in India. In this paper, we describe implementation science research priorities to catalyze the prevention and control of these cancers in India. Research priorities were organized using a framework based on the implementation science literature and the World Health Organization's definition of health systems. They addressed both community-level as well as health systems-level issues. Community-level or "pull" priorities included the need to identify effective strategies to raise public awareness and understanding of cancer prevention, monitor knowledge levels, and address fear and stigma. Health systems-level or "push" and "infrastructure" priorities included dissemination of evidence-based practices, testing of point-of-care technologies for screening and diagnosis, identification of appropriate service delivery and financing models, and assessment of strategies to enhance the health workforce. Given the extent of available evidence, it is critical that cancer prevention and treatment efforts in India are accelerated. Implementation science research can generate critical insights and evidence to inform this acceleration.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2003

환경오염이 심각해짐에 따라 국내외적으로 환경에 대한 관심이 고조되고 인체에 해를 끼치는 환경요인으로부터 방어하기 위한 많은 노력들이 기울여지고 있다. 특히 내분비계장애물질이 생식기능과 면역기능을 약화시키고, 행동 이상을 일으키며, 암 발생률을 높인다는 점이 밝혀지기 시작하면서 많은 연구들이 발표되고 여러 가지 방법들이 내분비계장애물질과 더불어 환경분야연구에 응용되어왔지만 단백질을 대상으로 연구하여 유전자기능을 연구하는 프로테오믹스(proteomics) 연구를 접목시키려는 시도가 아직까지는 빈약하다. 프로테오믹스는 기능을 갖는 단백질들의 발현을 종합적이고 정량적으로 측정하는 가장 직접적인 수단이고, 질병, 약물투여, shock 등 생물학적인 동요(perturbation)에 의하여 변하는 단백질들의 발현양상의 변화를 정확하게 관찰할 수 있으며, 생체내 유전자발현의 궁극적인 양상을 규명할 수 있고, 또한 유전자, 단백질 및 질병간의 연결고리를 제공한다. 기존의 biomarker는 다른 질병 표지자와 연관성이 높아 직접적인 유해물질 노출 위험도를 정확히 판정하기 어렵다. 따라서 대량발굴탐색(high-throughput screen-ing)이 가능한 2차원 전기영동 분석과 MALDI-TOF 또는 protein chip array와 SELDI-TOF에 의한 단백질 분자구조 분석기술 및 이들을 지원하는 생물정보학(bio-informatics)의 발전을 이용하여 환경독성 연구에 이용 할 수 있는 표적단백질(biomarker)발굴에 적절한 이용이 가능할 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5973-5981
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• 2013

At present, the most common cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. In a large proportion of breast cancers, there is the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This receptor is a 185 KDa growth factor glycoprotein, also known as the first tumor-associated antigen for different types of breast cancers. Moreover, HER2 is an appropriate cell-surface specific antigen for passive immunotherapy, which relies on the repeated application of monoclonal antibodies that are transferred to the patient. However, vaccination is preferable because it would stimulate a patient's own immune system to actively respond to a disease. In the current study, several bioinformatics tools were used for designing synthetic peptide vaccines. PEPOP was used to predict peptides from HER2 ECD subdomain III in the form of discontinuous-continuous B-cell epitopes. Then, T-cell epitope prediction web servers MHCPred, SYFPEITHI, HLA peptide motif search, Propred, and SVMHC were used to identify class-I and II MHC peptides. In this way, PEPOP selected 12 discontinuous peptides from the 3D structure of the HER2 ECD subdomain III. Furthermore, T-cell epitope prediction analyses identified four peptides containing the segments 77 (384-391) and 99 (495-503) for both B and T-cell epitopes. This work is the only study to our knowledge focusing on design of in silico potential novel cancer peptide vaccines of the HER2 ECD subdomain III that contain epitopes for both B and T-cells. These findings based on bioinformatics analyses may be used in vaccine design and cancer therapy; saving time and minimizing the number of tests needed to select the best possible epitopes.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.550-557
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the preferences and needs of typical Korean females adults for food and nutrition information provided by the mass media. Methods: A total of 343 females (77 in their 20s, 85 in their 30s, 88 in their 40s and 93 in their 50s) residing in the Seoul/Gyeonggido area was surveyed on general characteristics, main sources of food and nutrition information and needs for sources and contents of nutrition information. Results: The survey showed that typical Korean females obtained knowledge of food and nutrition mainly through the Internet (30.4%) and broadcasting (29.0%). Typical Korean females were interested in 'dietary management for weight control' (21.9%), 'the prevention and treatment of disease' (20.0%), 'food safety' (16.8%), 'proper dietary habits' (14.6%), 'cookery' (11.8%), 'functional foods' (9.6%), 'restaurant details' (3.5%) and 'life-cycle-specific dietary guideline' (1.6%). Needs for food and nutrition program forms on TV were 'educational programs' (34.3%), 'documentaries' (20.8), 'expert lecture-style' (13.0%), 'entertainment programs' (11.9%), 'expert conversation' (11.4%), 'news-style' (4.6%) and 'public campaign advertisements' (4.0%). On the Internet, 38.6% of the respondents preferred to get information provided by food and nutrition-related institutions (38.6%) while 26.1% preferred webtoons for nutritional information. The favored forms in mobile applications were 'monitoring their diets' (29.5%), 'data-based texts information' (21.4%), 'experts feedback' (20.6%), 'communities' (15.1%) and 'games' (13.1%). The rates of the preference to obtain information from experts such as nutritionists and dietitians and doctorsor dietitian turned reporters increased markedly with older ages. Conclusions: Since the mass media is a main source of food and nutrition information for the general public, the effectiveness and accuracy of the information provided should be enhanced by taking the needs of the public into account. The quality of information should be improved by involving more nutrition experts.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Oral health projects that cater to the disabled should be more prevailing in order to ensure the maintenance and successful promotion of the oral health of disabled people. 70 public dental clinics that conducted oral health projects geared toward the disabled were examined to get a precise grip on their oral health projects. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. 31 out of 70 public dental clinics investigated(44.3%) were equipped with two or more dental hygienists who were professional human resources in charge of the oral health projects for the disabled. As for the age and disability type of the beneficiaries of the oral health projects, adolescents(74.3%) and people with mental retardation(87.1%) benefited most from the oral health projects. Concerning the most common implementation frequency of the projects, the projects were carried out once to three times a week(62.9%). 2. The most dominant oral disease treatment provided to disabled people was amalgam treatment and resin treatment(68.6%), which were the early dental caries treatment. The most common preventive treatment that was offered to improve their oral health was oral prophylaxis(82.9%). As for reform measures for the oral health projects, education of personnels in charge of the projects and their specialization(58.6%) were most emphasized. 3. Regarding factors related to the preventive oral health projects for the disabled, the implementation of oral prophylaxis and toothbrushing education was linked to the age of the beneficiaries. More oral prophylaxis was offered to teens, and more toothbrushing education was provided to preschoolers and adolescents. The age of the beneficiaries and the number of dental hygienists responsible for the projects had something to do with the application of fluorides. 4. Concerning the relationship of the preventive oral health projects for the disabled to the number of dental hygienists, one of the personnels in charge of the projects, the application of fluorides( 54.4%) and pit & fissure sealing(56.8%) were more prevalent when there were two or more dental hygienists. There was a statistically significant disparity in that regard(p<0.05). The above-mentioned findings illustrated that in order to boost the oral health of the disabled, dental hygienists who are responsible for the oral health projects for the disabled should put ceaseless efforts into fostering their professional knowledge and ability and offering quality service to disabled patients. Every public dental clinic should be equipped with plenty of professional personnels to enlarge the scope of treatment and ensure the efficiency of treatment and the preventive projects.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the attributes of self-help groups, their antecedents and consequences relating to self-help groups. Methods: We used the Walker and Avant (2010) method using the key word "self-help groups" the Korea Education and Research Information Service (www.riss4u.net), Pubmed, CINAHL and ProQuest for articles on this topic published between January 2000 and March 2013 were searched. Ultimately, 64 domestic and 21 foreign papers were selected for in-depth analysis. Results: The attributes of self-help groups are as follows: 1) members share common experiences and are supportive of each other; 2) members set goals for individual change; 3) groups are self-monitoring; 4) groups learn problem-solving processes through voluntary and active participation; and 5) groups are small and meet regularly. The antecedents of self-help groups are as follows: 1) an intervention by an expert; 2) a diagnosis of their illness; 3) motivation to change individuals' state; and 4) educational desire. The consequences of self-help groups are the relief of symptoms, the improvement of physiological parameters and quality of life, the decrease in depression, stress, and anxiety, the improvement of illness-related knowledge and self-help activity, and a change in beliefs. Conclusion: Self-help groups can be used as an intervention strategy to help people with chronic illness manage their own problems.