• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was investigated, in order to improve that reliability of disease mechanism diagnosis, which were used for the object diagnosis of Oriental medicine in the dept. of Oriental OB&GY, Oriental Medical hospital of Dong-Eui University, amend to a disease mechanism item of Questionnaires and indexes of disease mechanism, we were thought that the results were more pointed to the condition of appropriate disease mechanism, as a result of put a results of Questionnaires and belongs to indexes of disease mechanism together, we　suggested to call it a　'weight of disease mechanism', because It was possible to　mark a different degrees of indexes of disease mechanism in the same points.　Methods : We analyzed the results of Questionnaires about 3354 outpatients who　had OB&GY disease in the Oriental Medical hospital of Dong-Eui University from April 2000 to March 2004. Results : 1. weight of disease mechanism is 10 score according to disease mechanism score and the standard of reliability. 2. The standard of reliability is same 11 disease mechanism item except stagnated blood, cold syndrome, dry- ness, phlegm. Conclusion : Weight of disease mechanism which show satisfaction the conditions of standard of reliability, appear the results of Questionnaires, against previous study investigated reliability of Questionnaires make it through the standard of reliability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene on resistance to Newcastle disease virus and body weight of the Thai indigenous chicken, Leung Hang Khao (Gallus gallus domesticus). Blood samples were collected for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis from 485 chickens. Polymerase chain reaction sequencing was used to classify single nucleotide polymorphisms of class II MHC. Body weights were measured at the ages of 3, 4, 5, and 7 months. Titres of Newcastle disease virus at 2 weeks to 7 months were determined and the correlation between body weight and titre was analysed. The association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and body weight and titre were analysed by a generalized linear model. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified: C125T, A126T, C209G, C242T, A243T, C244T, and A254T. Significant correlations between log titre and body weight were found at 2 and 4 weeks. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and titre were found for C209G and A254T, and between all single nucleotide polymorphisms (except A243T) and body weight. The results showed that class II MHC is associated with both titre of Newcastle disease virus and body weight in Leung Hang Khao chickens. This is of concern because improved growth traits are the main goal of breeding selection. Moreover, the results suggested that MHC has a pleiotropic effect on the titre and growth performance. This mechanism should be investigated in a future study.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC), chronic inflammatory bowel disease, is characterized by severe inflammation in the colon. Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Pu-erh tea, a unique Chinese tea produced by microbial activities, possesses a broad range of health-promoting effects, including anti-aging, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antioxidation and anti-obesity. However, the inhibitory effect of Pu-erh tea on intestinal inflammation and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the regulatory effect of Pu-erh tea extract (PTE) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis clinical signs by analyzing the weight loss and colon length in mice. The inhibitory effects of PTE on inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were also determined in DSS-treated colitis tissue. We observed that PTE treatment significantly inhibited the DSS-induced clinical symptoms of weight loss, decrease,in colon length, and colon tissue damage in mice. Moreover, PTE attenuated the DSS-induced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in colon tissue. We also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of PTE by suppressing the activation of NF-κB in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, the findings provide experimental evidence that PTE may be effective in preventing and treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders, including UC.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.165-198
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• 2014

이 연구는 비만(obesity)이 어떻게 독립적인 질병지위(status of disease)를 획득하게 되었는지 살펴봄으로써 질병 탄생의 메커니즘을 찾아보고자 하였다. 세계보건기구(WHO)는 1996년과 1997년에 "비만은 분명히 치료가 필요한 병"이라고 경고하였다. 그러나 그 이전까지 비만은 비(非)표준 비(非)정상의 신체 상태로 분류되었고 질병의 범주에 속하지 않았다. 이 논문은 비만이라는 질병의 탄생 메커니즘을 알아보기 위해 비만의 역사적 질병 담론 형성 과정과 병리학적 역학적 실재성을 고찰하였다. 연구 결과, 의료계가 BMI(Body Mass Index: 체질량지수)를 조정하고 정상 신체 범주를 좁히는 한편, 치수차별주의(sizism)를 제도화하였음을 확인하였다. 특히, 의료계가 비만의 신체 상태를 고혈압, 당뇨병 등 의료비 지출이 큰 만성적 고위험 질병과 결부(結付)짓는 비만공포증(fatphobia)을 유포함으로써 비만에 독립적인 질병지위를 부여하는 강력한 의료적 통제관리 메커니즘을 형성한 것으로 확인되었다. 이 논문은 이러한 고찰을 통해 비만과 같은 비(非)감염성 질병은, 실재의 병리학적 요인보다 문화적 사회경제적인 비(非)의료적 요인이 더 강력하게 개입하여 탄생할 수 있다는 함의를 발견하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권10호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2021

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. While obesity is known to increase a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, it also acts as a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). During childhood and adolescence, severe obesity is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of the early stages of kidney disease. Importantly, children born to obese mothers are also at increased risk of developing obesity and CKD later in life. The potential mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and CKD include hemodynamic factors, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity. Weight reduction via increased physical activity, caloric restriction, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and judicious bariatric surgery can be used to control obesity and obesity-related kidney disease. Preventive strategies to halt the obesity epidemic in the healthcare community are needed to reduce the widespread deleterious consequences of obesity including CKD development and progression.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Rubi Fructus (RF), the fruit of Rubus coreanus Miquel, is known to exert several pharmacological effects including anti-oxidative, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the improving effect and mechanism of RF on intestinal inflammation is not been fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of RF on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. We evaluated the effects of RF on DSS-induced clinical signs by analyzing weight loss and colon length. The inhibitory effects of RF on inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, as well as the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), were determined in colitis tissue. Our data indicated that mice treated with DSS showed clinical symptoms of colitis, including weight loss, colon length decrease and diarrhea. However, we observed that RF treatment significantly improved these clinical symptoms of weight loss, colon length decrease and diarrhea induced by DSS. RF inhibited the enhanced levels of COX-2 and PGE₂ caused by DSS. We also showed that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RF by suppressing the activation of NF-kB in DSS-treated colon tissues. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate the prospect of developing new drugs from RF for UC treatment.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2020

Depressive disorder is a very common disease, clinical manifestations vary, and the mechanism is not clear. Therefore, a pharmacotherapy is very important to achieve sufficient therapeutic effect, but the choice of drug is not easy due to the occurrence of side effects of treatment and confusion with clinical features. It is easy to overlook the side effects of weight gain with antidepressants compared with antipsychotics, but they are frequently observed in clinical settings. The first-generation antidepressants have higher weight gains than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are observed to have less weight gain, and dopamine norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors have weight loss effect due to decreased appetite. Mirtazapine, an atypical antidepressant, has a strong histamine H1 blockade, and gains weight gain from short-term use. The effects of desvenlafaxine, vortioxetine, and agomelatin on weight, which have recently been increasing in use, have not been largely identified. For better compliance, studies on weight gain due to the use of antidepressants are needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2008

Objectives : Crohn's disease is a severe chronic inflammation that is treated mainly by immunosuppression, which often has serious side effects. There is need to develop new therapeutic methods or drugs that have few side effects in order to treat this disease. Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at Cheonchu (ST25) has anti-inflammatory properties, but the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory actions is unclear. We investigated the protective effects and speculated the mechanisms of acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice which is a well known Crohn's disease animal model. Methods : 5 % TNBS was treated at day 1 and day 7 into rectum of mice. To investigate therapeutic effects of acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25, acupuncture was carried out on day 3, and day 6. For the data analysis, we observed macroscopic and microscopic findings of the colon. Weight and width of the colon, degree of damage, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity were checked. For analysing protein expression, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. For analysing mRNA expression, RT-PCR was carried out. Results : TNBS induced damages on the colon of mice, while acupuncture of Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed TNBS mediated damages similar to those on the colons of mice in the control (not treated with TNBS) group. The average body weight of TNBS treated mice (77.4%) was decreased compared with that of the control mice (105%), and acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed the loss of body weight caused by TNBS (from 77.4% to 95.3%). TNBS induced infiltration of immune cells in all layers of the colon while acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed infiltration of immune cells caused by TNBS. Furthermore, acupunctured with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed macro-, micro- colonic damages caused by TNBS. Acupunctured with Moxi-tar at ST25 dramatically improved the clinical and histopathological symptoms such as the increase in weight of the distal colon and the MPO activity in TNBS-induced colitis. Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 down-regulated the nuclear transcription factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activity and suppressed tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions caused by TNBS. Conclusions : Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 helps recovery from the TNBS-induced colonic damage by down-regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity and suppressing of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, and ICAM-1 expressions. This may be an important method for the treatment of Crohn's disease.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2009

Since Barker found associations between low birth weight and several chronic diseases later in life, the hypothesis of fetal origins of adult disease (aka, Barker Hypothesis) and epigenetics have been emerging as a new paradigm for geneenvironment interaction of chronic disease. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene silencing that occur without any change in DNA sequence. Gene expression can be regulated by several epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, which may be associated with chronic conditions, such as cancers, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes. One carbon metabolism which involves the transfer of a methyl group catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase is an important mechanism by which DNA methylation occurs in promoter regions and/or repetitive elements of the genome. Environmental factors may induce epigenetic modification through production of reactive oxygen species, alteration of methyltransferase activity, and/or interference with methyl donors. In this review, we introduce recent studies of epigenetic modification and environmental factors, such as heavy metals, environmental hormones, air pollution, diet and psychosocial stress. We also discuss epigenetic perspectives of early life environmental exposure and late life disease occurrence.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

실명의 제일 흔한 원인은 백내장이다. 백내장의 원인은 아직 확실하게 규명되지는 않았으나, 유발 원인으로 방사선, 당의 대사장애, 약물, 외상, 영양물질의 불균형, 선천성, 눈의 질환으로 인해 2차적으로 발생하는 백내장 등등이 있다. 일반적으로, 수정체 섬유의 산화가 수정체의 혼탁을 유발 시키는 주원인으로 알려져 있다. 수정체가 투명도를 유지하기 위해서는 수정체 섬유의 구조가 완전 하여야 한다. 수정체 섬유에 고분자 단백질의 양이 증가하면 수정체 섬유는 혼탁해 진다. 수정체 섬유내 단백질의 변화는 칼슘 이온과 관계가 깊다. 만약 칼슘 이온이 수정체 섬유내 알파-크리스탈린 단백질에 결합되면 수정체 섬유에는 고분자 단백질들이 많이 형성되어 수정체 섬유는 혼탁해 진다. 만약 칼슘 이온이 알파-크리스탈린 단백질에서 떨어져 나가면 수정체 섬유에는 저분자 단백질로 이루어지게 되므로 수정체 섬유는 다시 투명해 진다. 이 논문에서는 노인성 백내장의 발병이 연령의 증가와 복합하여 백내장을 유발시키는 여러 발병인자를 찾는데 앞으로도 더 많은 노력이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 당뇨병 환자에서 혈당과 삼투압이 백내장의 발생에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지와 백내장의 발생기전을 알아 보고자 하였다.