• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2015

This research mainly focuses on intonational characteristics of synchronous English speech. Intonation contours were extracted from 1,848 utterances produced in two different speaking modes (solo vs. synchronous) by 28 (12 women and 16 men) native speakers of English. Synchronous speech is found to be slower than solo speech. Women are found to speak slower than men. The effect size of speech rate caused by different speaking modes is greater than gender differences. However, there is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of speech rate. Analysis of pitch point features has it that synchronous speech has smaller Pt (pitch point movement time), Pr (pitch point pitch range), Ps (pitch point slope) and Pd (pitch point distance) than solo speech. There is no interaction between the two factors (speaking modes vs. gender differences) in terms of pitch point features. Analysis of sentence level features reveals that synchronous speech has smaller Sr (sentence level pitch range), Ss (sentence slope), MaxNr (normalized maximum pitch) and MinNr (normalized minimum pitch) but greater Min (minimum pitch) and Sd (sentence duration) than solo speech. It is also shown that the higher the Mid (median pitch), the MaxNr and the MinNr in solo speaking mode, the more they are reduced in synchronous speaking mode. Max, Min and Mid show greater speaker discriminability than other features.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.5058-5072
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• 2015

Quaternions have been commonly employed in color image processing, but when the existing pure quaternion representation for color images is used in perceptual hashing, it would degrade the robustness performance since it is sensitive to image manipulations. To improve the robustness in color image perceptual hashing, in this paper a full quaternion representation for color images is proposed by introducing the local image luminance variances. Based on this new representation, a novel Full Quaternion Discrete Cosine Transform (FQDCT)-based hashing is proposed, in which the Quaternion Discrete Cosine Transform (QDCT) is applied to the pseudo-randomly selected regions of the novel full quaternion image to construct two feature matrices. A new hash value in binary is generated from these two matrices. Our experimental results have validated the robustness improvement brought by the proposed full quaternion representation and demonstrated that better performance can be achieved in the proposed FQDCT-based hashing than that in other notable quaternion-based hashing schemes in terms of robustness and discriminability.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2013

A video signature is a set of feature vectors that compactly represents and uniquely characterizes one video clip from another for fast matching. To find a short duplicated region, the video signature must be robust against common video modifications and have a high discriminability. The matching method must be fast and be successful at finding locations. In this paper, a frame-based video signature that uses the spatial information and a two-stage matching method is presented. The proposed method is pair-wise independent and is robust against common video modifications. The proposed two-stage matching method is fast and works very well in finding locations. In addition, the proposed matching structure and strategy can distinguish a case in which a part of the query video matches a part of the target video. The proposed method is verified using video modified by the VCE7 experimental conditions found in MPEG-7. The proposed video signature method achieves a robustness of 88.7% under an independence condition of 5 parts per million with over 1,000 clips being matched per second.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.475-481
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to make the taxonomy for classifying diverse touchless gestures and establish the design requirements that should be considered in determining suitable gestures during gesture-based interaction design. Background: Recently, the applicability of touchless gestures is more and more increasing as relevant technologies are being advanced. However, before touchless gestures are widely applied to various devices or systems, the understanding on human gestures' natures and their standardization should be prerequisite. Method: In this study, diverse gesture types in various literatures were collected and, based on those, a new taxonomy for classifying touchless gestures was proposed. And many gesture-based interaction design cases and studies were analyzed. Results: The proposed taxonomy consisted of two dimensions: shape (deictic, manipulative, semantic, or descriptive) and motion(static or dynamic). The case analysis based on the taxonomy showed that manipulative and dynamic gestures were widely applied. Conclusion: Four core requirements for valuable touchless gestures were intuitiveness, learnability, convenience and discriminability. Application: The gesture taxonomy can be applied to produce alternatives of applicable touchless gestures, and four design requirements can be used as the criteria for evaluating the alternatives.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2011

This paper presents an image description and matching scheme using synthetic features for a recommendation service. The recommendation service is an example of smart search because it offers something before a user's request. In the proposed extraction scheme, an image is described by synthesized spatial and statistical features. The spatial feature is designed to increase the discriminability by reflecting delicate variations. The statistical feature is designed to increase the robustness by absorbing small variations. For extracting spatial features, we partition the image into concentric circles and extract four characteristics using a spatial relation. To extract statistical features, we adapt three transforms into the image and compose a 3D histogram as the final statistical feature. The matching schemes are designed hierarchically using the proposed spatial and statistical features. The result shows that each feature is better than the compared algorithms that use spatial or statistical features. Additionally, if we adapt the proposed whole extraction and matching scheme, the overall performance will become 98.44% in terms of the correct search ratio.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to get higher discriminability of the QSCCII on Taeumin. Methods : I analysed each item response rates on QSCCII of those who had been tested and diagnosed as Taeumin, Soeumin, Soyangin respectively by frequency analysis and reviewed Taeum scale of the current QSCCII by reliabiliry analysis and discriminant analysis. Results : 1. From the 758 results of QSCCII of those who were examined by professors, I made a revised Taeum scale which is consists of 17 items including 14 existing Taeum scale items and 3 new items from the other scales. 2. Reliability of revised Taeum scale is 0.5983, higher than that of existing Taeum scale, 0.5922. This means that revised Taeum scale reflects Taeumin's character more reliably than the existing one. 3. Hit-ratio of revised QSCCII on Taeumin is 60.3%, 2% lower than that of existing QSCCII.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.745-757
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• 2018

We analyzed the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of common buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum and tartary buckwheat, F. tataricum. The diversity of the nucleotides and haplotypes, Tajima's D, and Fu's Fs was analyzed and compared among the varieties of common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat. The diversity of nucleotides and haplotypes indicated that the buckwheat populations had undergone rapid population expansion but D and Fs did not support their expansion statistically. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences did not clearly establish the phylogenetic relationships between the varieties of common buckwheat. The In/Del sequence of ITS-1 region could, therefore, be used as a DNA marker to distinguish raw or manufactured products derived from common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2008

최근 활발히 연구가 진행 중인 유전발현 데이타를 이용한 다중클래스 암 분류는 DNA 마이크로어레이로부터 획득된 대규모의 유전자 정보를 분석하여 암의 종류를 판단한다. 수집된 유전발현 데이타에는 대상 암과 관련이 없는 유전자도 포함되어 있기 때문에 높은 성능의 분류 결과를 얻기 위해서 유용한 유전자를 선택하는 것이 필요하다. 기존의 순위기반 유전자 선택은 이진클래스를 대상으로 고안되었고 이상표식 유전자(Ideal marker gene)를 이용하기 때문에 다중클래스 암 분류에 직접 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 이상표식 유전자를 사용하지 않고 유전발현 수준의 분포를 직접 분석하는 순위기반 다중클래스 유전자 선택 기법을 제안한다. 유전발현 수준을 이산화하고 학습 데이타로부터 빈도를 계산하여 클래스 간 분별력을 측정한 후, 선택된 유전자를 이용하여 나이브 베이즈 분류기를 사용해 다중 암 분류를 수행한다. 제안하는 방법을 다수의 다중클래스 암 분류 데이타에 적용하여 기존 유전자 선택 방법에 비해 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 잡음 환경에서 강인한 음성 인식을 위하여 특징 보상 기법의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 음성 모델 기반의 특징 보상 기법에서 이용되는 오염 음성 모델 추정 방식은 입력 음성에 대한 변별력 있는 사후 확률 예측을 보장하지 못하며, 부정확하게 계산된 사후 확률은 복구된 음성에서 명료도 하락의 문제를 일으킨다. 제안하는 기법에서는 오염 음성 모델 추정 과정에 분별적 훈련 방식의 하나인 최소 분류 오류 (MCE) 훈련 기법을 도입한다. MCE 훈련 기법을 적용하기 위해 변별력 하락의 가능성을 가지는 '경쟁 요소' 를 결정하는 기법을 제안한다. 병렬결합된 혼합 모델 (PCMM) 기반의 특징 보상에 MCE 훈련 기법을 적용하는 과정을 제안하고 변별력 향상의 영향을 관찰한다. Aurora 2.0 데이터베이스와 실제 자동차 주행 환경에서 수집된 음성 데이터베이스에 대한 성능 평가를 실시한다. 실험 결과는 제안한 기법이 음성 인식 성능 향상에 도움이 되는 것을 입증한다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to introduce the effect of attentional focus on performance of task. Previous studies has shown that motor learning can be enhanced by directing performers's attention to the effects of their movements(external focus), rather than to the body movement producing the effects(internal focus). Wulf and colleagues have invoked the 'constrained action hypothesis' to explain the comparative benefits of adopting an external rather than an internal focus of attention. This hypothesis proposed that when performers utilize an internal focus of attention, they may actually constrain or interfere with automatic control processes that would normally regulate the movement, whereas an external focus of attention allows the motor system to more naturally self-organize. Electromyography(EMG) was used to determine neuromuscular correlates of external versus internal focus differences. EMG activity was lower with an external relative to an internal focus. This suggest that an external focus of attention enhances movement economy, and presumably reduces 'noise' in the motor system that hampers fine movement control. Focusing on a more remote effect seems to facilitate the discriminability of the effect from the body movements that produced it and to be more beneficial than focusing on a very close effects. There might be an optimal distance of the effect, at which ti wis easily distinguishable from the body movement but at which it is also still possible for the performer to relate this effect to the movement techniques. Future Studies of motor learning of patient need to accommodate these new finding and account for the role of the learner's attentional focus and its influencing on learning.