• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.353-367
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• 2023

The construction of a protective embankment is a suitable strategy to stop and control high-energy rock blocks' impacts during the rockfall phenomenon. In this paper, based on the discrete element numerical method, by modeling an existing embankment reinforced with geogrid, its stability status under the impact of a rock block with two types of low and high kinetic energy, namely 2402 and 4180 kJ, respectively, has been investigated. The modeling results show that the use of geogrid has caused the displacement in the front and back of the embankment to decrease by more than 30%. In this case, the reinforced embankment has stopped the rock block earlier. The displacements obtained from the DEM modeling are compared with the displacements measured from an actual practical experiment to evaluate the results' validity. Comparison between the results shows that the displacement values are close together, while the maximum percentage error in previous studies by an analytical method and the finite element method was 76.4% and 36.6%, respectively. Therefore, the obtained results indicate the discrete numerical method's high ability compared to other numerical and analytical methods to simulate and design the geogrid-reinforced soil embankment under natural disasters such as rockfall with a minor error.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2020

토압식(EPB, earth pressure balance) 쉴드 TBM 공법에서 첨가제 주입을 통해 굴착한 흙을 개량하는 쏘일 컨디셔닝(soil conditioning) 기법의 적용은 TBM의 굴진성능을 향상시키는데 필수적이다. 따라서 TBM 장비의 굴진 성능을 모사하는 수치해석 모델에서도 쏘일 컨디셔닝을 적용하는 것은 중요하나, 이를 해석적으로 모사하는 기법에 대한 연구는 현재까지 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 컨디셔닝 된 흙의 특성을 파악하기 위해 실내 가압 베인시험 장치를 고안하였다. 고안된 장치를 통해 폼에 의해 컨디셔닝 된 흙에 대하여 전단속도를 달리하며 시험을 수행하였으며, 시험은 개별요소법(DEM, discrete element method)을 통해 모델링 되었다. 시험결과와 해석결과의 비교를 통해 개별요소법에서의 입자 접촉조건을 결정하였으며, 이는 개별요소법을 사용한 TBM 굴진해석 모델에서 쏘일 컨디셔닝을 재현할 때 가압 베인시험과 개별요소법 모델의 적용 가능성을 보여준다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2011

균열암반의 역학적 및 수리적 성질에 암반 초기응력이 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 지질 데이터는 스웨덴 원전원료 및 방사성 폐기물 관리회사(SKB)에 의해 수행된 포쉬마크지역의 부지조사로부터 획득되었으며 암반균열망-개별요소법 수치실험(Discrete Fracture Network - Discrete Element Method) 을 통하여 암반의 등가역학적 및 등가수리적 물성을 결정하였다. 수치실험결과 균열 강성의 응력의존성, 균열 방향에 따른 상이한 변형거동, 균열거동에 따른 수리유동 경로의 변화 등의 원인에 의하여 등가역학적 및 등가수리적 물성은 응력의존성이 큰 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 암반 초기응력의 정확한 예측이 특정 부지에서의 경계조건으로서뿐만 아니라 균열암반의 역학적 및 수리적 물성을 이해하는 데도 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 보여준다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2000

A dynamic explicit finite element code for simulating sheet forming processes has been developed. The code utilizes the discrete Kirchhoff shell element and contact force is treated by a conventional penalty method. In order to reduce the computational cost, a new and robust contact searching algorithm has been developed and implemented into the code. In the method, a hierarchical structure of tool segments is built for each tool at the initial stage of the analysis. hierarchical structure is built in a way to divide a box to 8 sub-boxes, 2 in each direction, until the lowest level of the hierarchical structure contains exactly one segment of the tool or empty. Then at each time step, contact is checked from the box to sub-boxes hierarchically for each node. Comparisons of computational results of various examples with the existing ones show the validity of the method.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.329-342
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• 2008

A local behavior law, which includes elasticity, plasticity and damage, is developed in a three dimensional numerical model for concrete. The model is based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM)and the computational implementation has been carried out in the numerical Code YADE. This model was used to study the response of a concrete slab impacted by a rigid missile, and focuses on the extension of the compacted zone. To do so, the model was first used to simulate compression and hydrostatic tests. Once the local constitutive law parameters of the discrete element model were calibrated, the numerical model simulated the impact of a rigid missile used as a reference case to be compared to an experimental data set. From this reference case, simulations were carried out to show the importance of compaction during an impact and how it expands depending on the different impact conditions. Moreover, the numerical results were compared to empirical predictive formulae for penetration and perforation cases, demonstrating the importance of taking into account the local compaction process in the local interaction law between discrete elements.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.632-642
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• 1998

A method based on finite element discretization is developed for optimizing the polarization profile of PVDF film to create the modal transducer for specific modes. Using this concept, one can design the modal transducer in two-dimensional structure having arbitrary geometry and boundary conditions. As a practical means for implementing this polarization profile without repoling the PVDF film the polarization profile is approximated by optimizing electrode patterns, lamination angles, and poling directions of the multi-layered PVDF transducer. This corresponds to the approximation of a continuous function using discrete values. The electrode pattern of each PVDF layer is optimized by deciding the electrode of each finite element to be used or not. Genetic algorithm, suitable for discrete problems, is used as an optimization scheme. For the optimization of each layers lamination angle, the continuous lamination angle is encoded into discrete value using binary 5 bit string. For the experimental demonstration, a modal sensor for first and second modes of cantilevered composite plate is designed using two layers of PVDF films. The actuator is designed based on the criterion of minimizing the system energy in the control modes under a given initial condition. Experimental results show that the signals from residual modes are successfully reduced using the optimized multi-layered PVDF sensor. Using discrete LQG control law, the modal peaks of first and second modes are reduced in the amount of 12 dB and 4 dB, resepctively.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2004

The granular flow has been numerically studied by using DEM(Discrete Element Method). The eve교 particle is checked if it collides neighbor particles, and the next motion of the particle is predicted. The computing time has been drastically reduced by improving the collision check against neighboring particles. The comparison of the present method with ail experiment for the vibrating floor problem shows the good accuracy. The broken tower problem has been calculated to show the good comparison with the other computational result. This DEM(Discrete Element Method) can be a useful tool for constructing the constitute equation of the continuum approach of the granular flow.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.219-244
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• 2020

In this paper, we approximate the solution of the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations by using a fully discrete finite element scheme based on the standard Galerkin method in space and implicit midpoint discretization in time. The proposed scheme guarantees the conservation of the total mass and the energy. First, a priori error estimates for the fully discrete Galerkin method is derived. Second, the existence of the approximated solution is proved by virtue of the Brouwer fixed point theorem. Moreover, the uniqueness of the solution is shown. Finally, convergence orders of the fully discrete Crank-Nicolson scheme are discussed. The end of the paper is devoted to some numerical experiments.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2020

Structural optimization problems with discrete design variables require more function calculations (or finite element analyses) than those in the continuous design space. In this study, a method to find an optimal solution in the discrete design of the truss structure is presented, reducing the number of function calculations. Because a continuous optimal solution is the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point that satisfies the optimality condition, it is assumed that the discrete optimal solution is around the continuous optimum. Then, response values such as weight, displacement, and stress are predicted using approximate models-referred to as hybrid metamodels-within specified design ranges. The discrete design method using the hybrid metamodels is used as a post-process of the continuous optimization process. Standard truss design problems of 10-bar, 25-bar, 15-bar, and 52-bar are solved to show the usefulness of this method. The results are compared with those of existing methods.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.815-827
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• 2015

The mechanical behavior of soil and soil-rock mixture is investigated via the discrete element method. A non-overlapping combination method of spheres is used to model convex polyhedron rock blocks of soil-rock mixture in the DEM simulations. The meso-mechanical parameters of soil and soil-rock interface in DEM simulations are obtained from the in-situ tests. Based on the Voronoi cell, a method representing volumtric strain of the sample at the particle scale is proposed. The numerical results indicate that the particle rotation, occlusion, dilatation and self-organizing force chains are a remarkable phenomena of the localization band for the soil and soil-rock mixture samples. The localization band in a soil-rock mixture is wider than that in the soil sample. The current research shows that the 3D discrete element method can effectively simulate the mechanical behavior of soil and soil-rock mixture.