• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.2488-2497
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• 1997

In this paper, a computer simulation of the Lornz discrete chaotic system is described. The chotic behavior closely matches the results predicted by numerical simulations. Using the concept of discrete synchronized chaotic systems, the possibility of a secure communication is proved by simulating the Lorenz system in both the transmitter and receiver. In the proposed approach, at first, a chaotic modulating signal is multiplied with the message, and these are transmitted with adding a chaotic modulating signals, and then at the receiver, the chaotic modulating signal is regenerated and divided from the receiver signal. Varying a smapling time interval to calibrate the robustness of the Lorenz discrete synchronized chaotic system as a nonlinear state estimator, we measured the performance of the Lorenz discrete syncrhonized chaotic system by comparing the synchronization error and the error between transmitted signal and received signal.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.20-28
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• 2008

We propose a radial image processing method in a discrete polar coordinate system based on L1-norm. For this purpose, we first verified that the polar coordinate based on L2-norm can not exist in discrete system and then develop a method converting the Cartesian coordinate to the discrete polar coordinate. We apply the proposed method to smooth mass images of breast tissue and to detect the boundaries of extremely deformable objects. Compared to the Gaussian smoothing method performed in the Cartesian coordinate system, the proposed method stabilized the image signal while maintaining the overall radial shape of mass images. The proposed boundary detection method can detect shapes with high precision while conventional edge detectors can not accurately detect the shape of deformable objects. We also exploit the method to perform pupil detection and have had good experimental results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.624-631
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• 2011

In this paper, the RCF method is used in sensitivity analysis problems of the discrete power systems including both series FACTS equipments such as TCSC in transmission lines and generator controllers such as Exciter and PSS in generator terminal. To apply the RCF method in small signal stability problems of discrete power systems, state transition equations of controllers and TCSC are derived and the sensitivity calculation algorithm using state transition equations in discrete time domain is devised. The results of eigenvalue analysis showed that the variations of eigenvalues after periodic switching operations of TCSC can be calculated exactly by the RCF method and the change of firing angles in TCSC have important effect to determine the stability of power systems.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

In this Paper. we Propose a digital watermarking scheme for digital images based on a perceptual model, the frequency masking, texture making, and luminance masking Properties of the human visual system(HVS), which have been developed in the context of image compression. We embed two types of watermark, one is pseudo random(PN) sequences, the other is a logo image. To embed the watermarks, original images are decomposed into $8\times8$ blocks, and the discrete cosine transform(DCT) is carried out for each block. Watermarks are casted in the low frequency components of DCT coefficients. The perceptual model adjusts adaptively scaling factors embedding watermarks according to the local image properties. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme presents better results than that of non-perceptual watermarking methods for image qualify without loss of robustness.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.725-739
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• 2007

In recent years there are many plate bending elements that emerged for solving both thin and thick plates. The main features of these elements are that they are based on mix formulation interpolation with discrete collocation constraints. These elements passed the patch test for mix formulation and performed well for linear analysis of thin and thick plates. In this paper a member of this family of elements, namely, the Discrete Reissner-Mindlin (DRM) is further extended and developed to analyze both thin and thick plates with geometric nonlinearity. The Von K$\acute{a}$rm$\acute{a}$n's large displacement plate theory based on Lagrangian coordinate system is used. The Hu-Washizu variational principle is employed to formulate the stiffness matrix of the geometrically Nonlinear Discrete Reissner-Mindlin (NDRM). An iterative-incremental procedure is implemented to solve the nonlinear equations. The element is then tested for plates with simply supported and clamped edges under uniformly distributed transverse loads. The results obtained using the geometrically NDRM element is then compared with the results of available analytical solutions. It has been observed that the NDRM results agreed well with the analytical solutions results. Therefore, it is concluded that the NDRM element is both reliable and efficient in analyzing thin and thick plates with geometric non-linearity.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1995

Fluid flow studies of fractured rocks require three-dimensional modeling of the fracture system. The stochastic discrete fracture models constructed by Monte Carlo simulation technique were applied to the analysis of groundwater flow and mass transport in fractured rock for the assessment of tightness criteria of underground LPG storage cavern. The parameters that most affect the conceptual discrete fracture modeling proved either fracture orientation or size and on the fract'lre flow interpretation proved conductive fracture intensity. The fracture transmissivity played important role in solute transport in fractured rock simulated by particle tracking approach. It was partly recognized that the calibrated stochastic discrete fracture model can be used for the tightness criteria of underground LPG storage cavern.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.453-462
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• 2002

Discrete-sizing or standardized steel profiles are used in steel design and construction practice. However, most of numerical optimization methods follow additional step(round-up discrete-sizing routine) to use the standardized steel section profiles, and accordingly the optimality of the resulting design nay be doubtful. Thus, in this paper, an efficient multi-level optimization algorithm is proposed to improve the shortcoming of the conventional optimization methods using the round-up discrete-sizing routine. Also, multi-level optimization technique with a decomposition method that separates both system-level and element-level is incorporated in the algorithm to enhance the performance of the proposed algorithms. The proposed algorithm is expected to achieve considerable improvement on both the efficiency of the numerical process and the accuracy of the global optimum.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.3867-3886
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• 2015

This article investigates the problem of opportunistic spectrum access in dynamic environment, in which the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is time-varying. Different from existing work on continuous feedback, we consider more practical scenarios in which the transmitter receives an Acknowledgment (ACK) if the received SNR is larger than the required threshold, and otherwise a Non-Acknowledgment (NACK). That is, the feedback is discrete. Several applications with different threshold values are also considered in this work. The channel selection problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game, and subsequently it is proved to be a potential game, which has at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium. Following this, a multi-agent Q-learning algorithm is proposed to converge to Nash equilibria of the game. Furthermore, opportunistic spectrum access with multiple discrete feedbacks is also investigated. Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed multi-agent Q-learning algorithm is applicable to both situations with binary feedback and multiple discrete feedbacks.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

This paper presents the battle space model, which is capable of propagating various types of emissions from platforms in underwater warfare simulation, predicting interesting encounters between pairs of platforms, and managing environmental information. The battle space model has four components: the logger, spatial encounter predictor (SEP), propagator, and geographic information system (GIS) models. The logger model stores brief data on all the platforms in the simulation, and the GIS model stores and updates environmental factors such as temperature and current speed. The SEP model infers an encounter among the platforms in the simulation, and progresses the simulation to the time when this encounter will happen. The propagator model receives various emissions from platforms and propagates these to other "within-range" platforms by considering the propagation losses and delays. The battle space model is based on the discrete event system specification (DEVS) and the discrete time system specification (DTSS) formalisms. To verify the battle space model, simple underwater warfare between a battleship and a submarine was simulated. The simulation results with the model were the same as the simulation results without the model.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.258-265
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• 1985

A design method for a single-input single-output discrete time model reference adaptive system is described in this paper. By using the state-variable filters into inputs and outputs in reference model and unknown system, a simple adaptive structure which use all accessible signals can be constructed. Some papers for the adaptive shstem is which thw relative degree of unknown system have one or two have been reported, but the resulting adaptive system are intricate in structures and the design theories for the model reference adaptive system are not generalized. In this paper, for having two or more relative degrees, it has been verified that an adaptive scheme can be obtained by introducing a simple linear filter.