• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.957-966
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• 2000

The effect of rotation on the discharge coefficient of orifices with various length-to-diameter ratios and two different inlet corner radii was studied. Length-to-diameter ratios of the orifices range from 0.2 to 10, while the inlet shapes are square edged, or round edges of radius-to-diameter ratio of 0.5. From the experiment, we found that rotational discharge coefficient and Rotation number, when based on ideal exit velocity of the orifice considering momentum transfer from the rotor, describe the effect of rotation very well. In this study, the discharge coefficients of rotating orifices are shown to behave similar to those of the well-known non-rotating orifices. For both rotating and non-rotating orifices, the discharge coefficients increase with the length-to-diameter ratio until a maximum is reached. The flow reattachments in the relatively short orifices are responsible for the increase. The coefficient then decreases with the length-to-diameter ratio due to the friction loss along the orifice bore. The length-to-diameter ratio that yields maximum discharge coefficient, however, increases with the Rotation number because the increased flow-approaching angle requires larger length-to-diameter ratio for complete reattachment. The length-to-diameter ratio for complete reattachment is shorter for round edged orifices than that of square edged orifices by about a unit length-to-diameter ratio.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5B호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 De Marchi 유량계수 $C_M$의 개념을 이용하여 상대적으로 폭이 넓은 개수로에서 실험적으로 상류 조건의 직사각형 예연횡월류위어 유량계수에 대한 상류 프루드수, 위어 높이, 위어 길이, 본수로 폭의 영향을 확인하는 것이다. 수로 실험과 차원해석을 통하여 도출된 네 가지 중요 영향 변수, $Fr_1$, $h/y_1$, L/B, $L/y_1$의 영향을 관찰하고, 실험 결과를 바탕으로 새로운 예연횡월류위어 유량계수 산정식을 제안하였다. 분석 결과 폭이 넓은 개수로에서 예연횡월류위어 유량계수에 대한 $Fr_1$의 영향은 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며, $h/y_1$, L/B, $L/y_1$의 중요도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기존 연구자들의 실험 자료와 본 연구의 실험 자료를 비교 분석하여 기존 예연횡월류위어 유량계수 산정식의 적용성을 개선하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.549-559
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• 1997

한강 본류구간에 대한 폐합형 부정류 계산모형을 수립하였다. 수립된 모형은 가변 매개변수 모형으로서 공간적 위치 및 유량 값에 따라 각 계산점마다 조도계수의 값이 달리 주어질 수 있도록 하였다. 조도계수 및 월류 유량계수에 관한 모형도 민감도 분석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과로 Manning 조도계수를 추정 대상 매개변수로 선정하였다. 과거 홍수사상들에 대한 관측자료를 이용하여 모형의 보정 및 검증을 수행하였다. 조도계수의 최적 추정 방법으로는 수정 Gauss-Newton 방법을 사용하였다. 가변 매개변수 모형의 보정 결과, 조도계수의 공간적 변동성 및 유량에 따른 변화 경향이 분명히 나타났다. 즉, 왕숙천 유입지점 상류구간에 대한 조도계수가 하류 구간에 비하여 크고, 유량이 증가함에 따라 조도계수는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 가변 매개변수 모형을 사용한 계산결과가 단일 매개변수를 사용하는 종래의 모형을 사용하는 경우보다 관측수위와 더욱 잘 일치함이 모형의 검증을 통하여 입증되었다. 또한 조도계수의 공간적 변화가 유량에 따른 변동보다 더 심한 것으로 드러났다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

Six shear coaxial injectors for a 3 tonf-class liquid rocket engine using oxygen and methane as propellants were designed and manufactured by considering geometric design parameters such as a recess length and a taper angle. Cold-flow tests on the injectors were performed using water and air as simulants. By changing the water mass flow rate and air mass flow rate, the injection pressure drop under single-injection and bi-injection was measured. The discharge coefficients through the injector oxidizer-side and fuel-side were calculated and the discharge coefficient ratio between bi-injection and single-injection was obtained. Under single-injection, the recess served to reduce the injection pressure drop on the injector fuel-side. For the injectors without recess, the discharge coefficients under bi-injection were almost the same as those under single-injection. However, for the injectors with recess, the taper angle and bi-injection had a significant effect on the discharge coefficient.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

본 논문은 액체로켓용 이중 와류 동축 분사기의 유량 특성에 대한 실험적 연구 결과를 수록하였다. 분사기의 추진제 유량 공급 특성은 매우 중요한 로켓엔진 연소장치 설계 인자이다. 분사기 유량 특성 파악을 위해 상온시험은 물을, 연소시험은 액체산소와 케로신을 사용하였다. 상온 시험 결과와 달리 연소시험 유량 계수는 혼합비, 리세스 비 변경에 따라 변화하며 그 변화 정도는 분사기 형상과 작동 조건에 따라 다르다. 연소시험 산화제 측 유량 계수 변동 원인은 물성값 변화에 따른 화염 구조 변화에 의한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1501-1509
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• 1996

Differential pressure devices such as an orifice and Venturi are widely used in the measurement of flow rate of fluid mainly due to cost effectiveness and easy installation. In the current study, the viscoelastic effect on discharge and loss coefficients of those flow meters were investigated experimentally. Aqueous solutions of Polyacrylamide (200, 500, and 800 ppm) as viscoelastic fluids were used. Discharge coefficient of an orifice for viscoelastic fluids increased significantly up to approximately 15-20% when compared with that for water, while loss coefficient decreased up to 10-25% depending on the diameter ratio, .betha.. Also, pressure recovery for viscoelastic fluids was extended much longer than that for water. On the other hand, discharge and loss coefficients of Venturi for viscoelastic fluids were found to be strongly dependent on the Reynolds number. In both flow meters, the concentration effect for discharge and loss coefficients was not observed at more over than 200 ppm of aqueous solution. Conclusively, orifice and Venturi flow meters should be calibrated very carefully in the flow rate measurement for viscoelastic fluids.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2006

In this study, we developed a program to estimate discharge efficiently considering major hydraulic characteristic including water level, river bed, water slope and roughness coefficient in a natural river. Stream discharge was measured at Gongju gauge station located in the down stream of the Daechung Dam during normal and dry seasons from 2003 to 2004. The developed model was compared with the results from the existing rating curve at T/M gage stations, and was used for runoff analyses. Evaluating the developed river discharge estimation program, it was applied during 1983-2004 that base flow separation method and RRFS (Rainfall Runoff Forecasting System) which is based on SSARR (Streamflow Synthesis And Resevoir Regulation). The result presents the stage-discharge curve creator range at the Gong-ju is overestimated by approximately $10-20\%$, especially at the low stage. It is attributed to the hydraulic characteristics at the study. The discharge simulated by the RRFS and base flow separation, which is calibrated using the measurement at the early spring and late fall season during relatively d]v season, shows the least errors. The coefficient of roughness at Gongju station varied with the high and low water level.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2017

The sprinkler system is a basic fire extinguishing system that uses water as an extinguishing agent. In order to evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of the sprinkler system, information such as the discharge angle, discharge speed, discharge pressure, flow rate, and water droplet size of the installed head are required. However, there is a lack of research on droplets size compared to other requirements. In this study, to evaluate the extinguishing characteristics of sprinkler system, the droplet size distribution was measured for various types of sprinkler heads actually used. The size of the droplet was measured using laser diffraction method. The 50% cumulative volume distribution ($D_{v50}$) according to discharge coefficient(K factor) was $540{\mu}m{\sim}695{\mu}m$ for K50, $542{\mu}m{\sim}1,192{\mu}m$ for K80, $980{\mu}m{\sim}1,223{\mu}m$ for K115 and $1,188{\mu}m{\sim}1,234{\mu}m$ for K202. Based on the measured results, the vaeiance of the droplet particle distribution and the distribution ($D_{v50}$) according to discharge coefficient(K factor) was $540{\mu}m{\sim}695{\mu}m$ for K50, $542{\mu}m{\sim}1,192{\mu}m$ for K80, $980{\mu}m{\sim}1,223{\mu}m$ for K115 and $1,188{\mu}m{\sim}1,234{\mu}m$ for K202. Based on the measured results, the vaeiance of the droplet particle distribution and the Rosin-Rammler index value are presented. As a result of the fire simulation with FDS, it was confirmed that the performance difference occurs according to the water droplet size distribution even when the same amount of water is used. Therefore, the extinguishing performance of the sprinkler system should be evaluated considering the droplet size distribution according to the sprinkler head type.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.653-664
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• 2015

TPLMS (Total water pollutant load management system) that is the most powerful water-quality protection program have been implemented since 2004. In the implementation of TPLMS, target water-quality and permissible discharged load from each unit watershed can be decided by water-quality modeling. And NPS (Non-point sources) discharge coefficients associated with certain (standard) flow are used on estimation of input data for model. National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) recommend NPS discharge coefficients as 0.15 (Q₂₇₅) and 0.50 (Q₁₈₅) in common for whole watershed in Korea. But, uniform coefficient is difficult to reflect various NPS characteristics of individual watershed. Monthly NPS discharge coefficients were predicted and estimated using surface flow and water-quality from HSPF watershed model in this study. Those coefficients were plotted in flow duration curve of study area (Palger stream and Geumho C watershed) with monthly average flow. Linear regression analysis was performed about NPS discharge coefficients of BOD, T-N and T-P associated with flow, and R² of regression were distributed in 0.893~0.930 (Palger stream) and 0.939~0.959 (Geumho C). NPS Discharge coefficient through regression can be estimated flexibly according to flow, and be considered characteristics of watershed with watershed model.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2021

In gasoline direct injection injectors, cavitation can be generated inside the hole because of their high injection pressure. In this paper, the effects of cavitation development in injector were investigated depending on the various hole drilling angles were investigated by a numerical method. In order to verify the internal flow model, injection rate and injection quantity of individual holes were measured. The BOSCH long tube method was used to measure the injection rate. As a result, even if the hole diameters were the same, the discharge coefficient differed by up to 10% depending on the hole angle. Moreover, if the hole drilling angle became greater than 30°, the area coefficient and the discharge coefficient decreased as the nozzle outlet was blocked due to cavitation.