• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2006

Artemisia vulgaris, one of the most religious plants in Nepal, is used in the treatment of various ailments. In this study, antioxidative activity of essential oil from A. vulgaris was evaluated, using different in vitro methods and antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against skin disease microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes. The essential oil exhibited a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity. It showed strong metal chelating activity with low reducing and antioxidant power. However, gradual increase in radical scavenging activity was obtained with increasing concentration and reaction time. It also possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and notable susceptibility was observed against S. pyogenes and P. acnes.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2003

Isolates of 70 Proteus mirabilis were tested against 10 different antibiotics by a disc diffusion method as recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The isolates were resistant in order of tetracycline(100.0%), enrofloxacin(95.7%), ampicillin(74.3%), choramphenicol(62.9%), cephalothin(58.6%), streptomycin(50%), kanamycin(47.2%), neomycin(35.8%), gentamicin(15.7%), and amikacin(2.9%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 37 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of P mirabilis isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-cephalothin-chloramphenicol-enrofloxacin-tetracycline(11.6%).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호통권130호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2005

Streptococcus mutans is known as a strong cariogenic bacterium and produces dental caries. This study was carried out to develop anticariogenic agents from Callistemon citrinus. Crude extracts and thier various solvent fractions of the plant extracts were tested for the antibacterial activity against S. mutans. The anticariogenic activity was evaluated with by paper disc diffusion method and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). The extract from the fruit and its hexane fraction showed a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans and the MICs were 31.2 and $3.9{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.574-584
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• 1998

Antimicrobial activities, extraction yields and chemical compositions of the extract from the powder of vacuum dried Smilax china root on various solvents were investigated. Antimicrobial activities against. A rhizogenes, A. tumefaciens, C. utilis, S. cerevisiae, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and E. coli were measured by disc diffusion method. Methanol, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol extracts exhibited potent antimicrobial activities against B. megaterium and B. subtilis. Also, methanol, ethylacetate and butanol extracts had the activities against A. rhizogenes, and chloroform and ethylacetate extracts against A. tumefacciens. The extraction yields were 13.10%, 8.71%, 2.73%, 0.83%, 0.54% and chemical compositions of their extracts were very different according to the kinds of solvents. The main chemical groups of ethylacetate, methanol, chloroform and butanol extracts were 45.99% phenolics, 36.10% acids, 29.13% phenolics and 18.96% phenolics, respectively.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2000

One hundred eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the patients (sputum, urine, burn skin, stool and blood) of Pusan National University hospital were tested for exonezyme production, antimicrobial susceptibility and serotyping. The results obtained were as follow: In exonezyme production test, 50 strains (46.30%) produced both protease and elastase. Thirty three strains (30.55%) did not produce any exoenzyme, 18 strains (16.67%) produced only protease and 7(6.48%) stains only produced elastase. As the result of antimicrobial susceptibility by the disc diffusion method, most strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole (96.30%). But the resistant rate against gentamicin and ticarcillin were 47.23% and 46.30% respectively. The resistant rate to other antibiotics were less than 40%. All strains could be serologically typed. Most strains were identified as type Ⅲ: among them, 51 strains were belonged to serotype E. The correlation of serotype and exoenzyme production was not found.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

Tuna skin byproduct extract (TSB) was used as a biocompatibility film base material, and its composite film with gellan gum (GG) was prepared. In addition, Pinus thunbergii cone extract (PTCE) was incorporated into the film to provide anti-oxidant and anti-bacteria activities. The tensile strength (TS) of the TSB/GG composite films increased with increasing GG content, whereas elongation at break (E) decreased. TSB/GG film at a ratio of 0.5:0.5 (w/w) showed the most desirable TS and E values. Based on scavenging free radical potentials and disc diffusion method results against growth of bacteria, antioxidant and anti-bacteria activities of films increased with increasing PTCE concentration. Accordingly, this study showed that TSB/GG could be used as a film material while the TSB/GG composite film containing PTCE can be utilized as functional packaging.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.758-769
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• 2023

The main aim of this study was to determine python fat's several physicochemical properties, including dimensions, color, structure, acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), density, and recovery efficiency. The optimum yield obtained was approximately 80.40% at 180℃ for 60 min with an AV of 0.3366 and SV of 179.56 mg KOH/g. Fatty acids, comprising oleic acid (72.462%), palmitic acid (26.243%), linolenic acid (0.835%), and myristic acid (0.459%), were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The python fat had a very weak antioxidant capacity and almost no antibacterial ability with gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus - ATCC 25923 and Bacillus cereus - ATCC 10876) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli - ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enterica - ATCC 35664) bacteria (used the paper disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility testing). Moreover, python fat is considered to be very resistant to high temperatures.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2014

본 연구는 마늘추출물의 병원성 세균에 대한 항균효과를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 시행된 실험연구이다. 항균효과의 대조 항생제로서 Ampicillin $10{\mu}g$(BBL)을 사용하였다. 실험은 2013년 11월과 2014년 1월로 두 차례에 걸쳐 진행하였다. Kirby-Bauer의 disc diffusion method에 따라 감수성을 측정하였고 CLSI에서 제시한 판독기준에 따라 감수성 여부를 판독하였다. 연구결과, 생마늘은 추출법과 관계없이 Ampicillin $10{\mu}g$에 비해 항균효과가 높게 나타났다. 반면 흑마늘은 제조법과 추출방법과 관계없이 4종의 균주에서 저항성을 발현하였다. CLSI의 감수성 판독기준에 따르면 S. aureus와 E. coli에 Ampicillin $10{\mu}g$은 강력한 항균효과를 발현한 반면, 모든 균주들이 흑마늘 추출물에는 저항성을 발현하였다. 다만, 15일의 자연숙성발효한 흑마늘의 에탄올 추출물은 S. aureus와 E. coli에서 성장저지환이 각각 8 mm와 7 mm로 나타나 항균효과의 가능성을 발견하였다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다하겠다. 향후 마늘의 천연식품보존제 개발 가능성을 검증하기 위해서 흑마늘의 다양한 추출법을 활용한 항균효과에 대한 반복 연구를 제언한다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2001

Antimicrobial activities of volatile flavor, water and methanol extracts from Agastache rugosa were investigated. The volatile flavor extract was obtained from A. rugosa by simulataneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion method against several microorganisms, four species of Gram positive, three species of Gram negative and tow species of yeast. The volatile flavor extracts had strong antimicrobial activity againstc. utilisand S. cerevisiae. During the growth period, a difference in antimicrobial activity among volatile flavor extracts from A. rugosa was not shown. The water extract of above 10 mg/disc showed antimicrobial activity. Methanol extracts from A. rugosa harvested in June showed antimicrobial activity against tested Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, showed weak antimicrobial activity against the bacteria from those harvested in July and August. In particular, antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus was stronger than that against other bacteria. Water and methanol extracts did not inhibit yeast. C. utilis and S. cerevisiae. To further elucidate the effective components, volatile flavor extracts was analyzed by GC/MS. harvested in June, the components included 8 phenols (93.031%), 18 terpenes (5.230%), 12 alcohols (1.300%) 8 alkanes (0.181%), 1 ester (0.056%), 2 ketones (0.033%), 2 aldehydes (0.011%) and 1 pyrrole (0.007%). In July, the components included 6 phenols (94.366%), 19 terpenes (3.394%), 11 alcohols (2.045%), 1 ester (0.039%), 2 ketones (0.028%), 1 furan (0.005%) and 1 aldehyde (0.005%). And in August, the components included 7 phenols (95.270%), 19 terpenes (2.951%), 13 alcohols (1.399%), 1 ester (0.063%), 2 aldehydes (0.016%), 2 ketones (0.011%), 1 alkane (0.006%), 1 acid (0.005%) and 1 pyrrole (0.005%). The major component of volatile flavors was estragole, a phenolic compound.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

이번 연구의 목적은 MRSA에 대하여 삼신환(三神丸)의 항균효과와 기존 항생제인 Oxacillin과 Ciprofloxacin과의 synergy effect를 확인하고 그 기전을 밝히는 것이다. 이에 삼신환(三神丸)의 Disc 확산 실험 및 최소억제농도(MIC)를 측정하여 MARA에 대한 항균 활성 및 활성농도를 검증하고, 항생제와 삼신환(三神丸) 에탄올 추출물을 병행 처리하여 병용 효과를 확인하고, 시간에 따른 생장 억제 효과를 확인하는 절차와 방법을 통해 삼신환(三神丸)이 MARA에 대한 항균 활성으로 oxacillin 또는 ciprofloxacin과 결합 되었을 때, 시너지 및 부분 시너지 효과를 보임으로써 in vitro에서 우수한 항균물질임이 연구 결과로 나타났음을 시사하는 바이다. 아울러 MARA 내성의 제어를 위한 신약 개발에 본 연구가 의미있는 자료가 되기를 기대할 뿐 아니라, 내성 균주를 극복하기 위한 항생물질의 연구와 개발에 더욱 박차를 가하는 계기가 되기를 바란다.