• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.105-134
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• 2013

Electrical construction business has public and professional characters. It may require appropriate interventions of the government because these business activities stand for not only profit-seeking competition, but also supplies of one of the key functions in our society. In other words, public benefit and private benefit are still in existence. The government therefore considers such an aspect of public importance of the business sector and needs to plan to adjust technical and engineering manpower of this market. This study focuses on the imbalance for labor supply and demand of technical engineer in electrical construction business. A system dynamics analysis is applied to understand and simulate the imbalance as a soft approach. It has the merit of causal loop diagram to alleviate the limitation of data lack problem. We find that excess demand is expected from 2010 to 2011, and excess supply is predicted from 2012 to 2021 about the manpower of technical engineer. It shows considerable disagreement between the supply and demand of human resource. So we suggest that it is strong necessity to construct statistics infrastructure for a manpower supply and demand plan.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-139
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• 2015

Background: Policy network theory was proved to be an appropriate analytic tool for the current social welfare policy making process. This study aimed to analyze policy making process related to the nurse expansion and policy output while focusing on the interactions and activities among various policy actors. Methods: In this study, we used reports related to the need for expansion of nursing personnel journals, dissertations, newspaper articles, for hearings and debate policies for securing nurse data, and interviews. We examined three components of policy network, that is, policy actors, interactions, linkage of interest. Results: For that to expand the nurse before the 2000s in expanding the supply of medical supplies have been conducted without much disagreement among policy actors under the government's initiative. However, there was lacked a close relationship between the expanding supply of nurses and inaccurate analysis of supply and demand. As the policy is applied between the various policy actors' needs and claims, conflict was intensified and many policy options had been developed. Government only took a role as a coordinator among policy actors in the 2000's. Also, it was difficult to find sufficient and clear evidence that policy-making process based on fair judgment. Conclusion: Therefore, it is urgently required to determine the policy through a social consensus to address the appropriate policy means and the process by correct analysis of the policy issues.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out differences of the points locations of Dongshi-Acupuncture described in some related books. Methods : This study was carried out by means of comparing the different locational descriptions on the same acupoint in those books : Dong Shi Ji Xue Zhen Jiu Xue(董氏奇穴鍼灸學), Shi Yong Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Ji Xue Quan Ji(實用董氏鍼灸奇穴全集), Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Ji Xue Jing Yan Lu(董氏鍼灸奇穴經驗錄), Dong Shi Leng Zhen Cheng Xue Xue(동씨능침징혈학), Dong Shi Ji Xue Tu Pu Zhi Liao Xue(董氏奇穴圖譜治療學), Tai Wan Dong Shi Zhen Jiu Jing Xue Xue (台灣董氏鍼灸經穴學). Results : There are disagreement on the number, locations, cuns of acupuncture points among the books: the numbers of 11 kinds of points, locations of 2 points and cun of 15 points. Conclusions : The authors can be grouped by the opinions on the acupuncture points. One group consists of Yang Wei Jie(楊維傑), Lai Jin Xiong(賴金雄) and Hu Bing Quin(胡丙權) and Hu Wen Zhi(胡文智), Liu Jian Zhong(陸建中) and Li Guo Zheng(李國政) form the other.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.53.2-53.2
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• 2011

We combine the physics of the ellipsoidal collapse model with the excursion set theory to study the shapes of dark matter halos. In particular, we develop an analytic approximation to the nonlinear evolution that is more accurate than the Zeldovich approximation; we introduce a planar representation of halo axis ratios, which allows a concise and intuitive description of the dynamics of collapsing regions and allows one to relate the final shape of a halo to its initial shape; we provide simple physical explanations for some empirical fitting formulae obtained from numerical studies. Comparison with simulations is challenging, as there is no agreement about how to define a non-spherical gravitationally bound object. Nevertheless, we find that our model matches the conditional minor-to-intermediate axis ratio distribution rather well, although it disagrees with the numerical results in reproducing the minor-to-major axis ratio distribution. In particular, the mass dependence of the minor-to-major axis distribution appears to be the opposite to what is found in many previous numerical studies, where low-mass halos are preferentially more spherical than high-mass halos. In our model, the high-mass halos are predicted to be more spherical, consistent with results based on a more recent and elaborate halo finding algorithm, and with observations of the mass dependence of the shapes of early-type galaxies. We suggest that some of the disagreement with some previous numerical studies may be alleviated if we consider only isolated halos.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.123-135
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• 2013

Exposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with neurobehavioral effects. There is disagreement on whether commonly occurring exposures in welding, ferroalloy, and other industrial processes produce neurologically significant neurobehavioral changes representing parkinsonism. A reviewof methodological issues in the human epidemiological literature onMnidentified: (1) studies focused on idiopathic Parkinson disease without considering manganism, a parkinsonian syndrome; (2) studies with healthy worker effect bias; (3) studies with problematic statistical modeling; and (4) studies arising from case series derived from litigation. Investigations with adequate study design and exposure assessment revealed consistent neurobehavioral effects and attributable subclinical and clinical signs and symptoms of impairment. Twenty-eight studies show an exposure-response relationship between Mn and neurobehavioral effects, including 11 with continuous exposure metrics and six with three or four levels of contrasted exposure. The effects of sustained low-concentration exposures to Mn are consistent with the manifestations of early manganism, i.e., consistent with parkinsonism. This is compelling evidence thatMnis a neurotoxic chemical and there is good evidence that Mn exposures far below the current US standard of $5.0mg/m^3$ are causing impairment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2014

Thirteen diary cows were diagnosed as bovine tuberculosis (BTB) based on pathological findings and PCR method from 74 diary cows slaughtered in Incheon city. BTB was outbreaked 9 times in the farm from March 2010 to June 2013. The BTB confirmed cows were all negatives by intradermal test with PPD at 3 times. Recently, disagreement between BTB outbreak and intradermal test has been raised as a big problem. This phenomenon suggest that a new control programs are necessary at farm level as well as diagnostic level.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

Finite element analysis of end-to-end artery/PTFE anastomosis recently have been researched. But, these studies were carried out without the compensation for the error of finite element analysis and assumed the artery and PTFE as the simple cylindrical shape in spite of being the fatty tissue which covers the heart. Therefore, we performed the convergency study with respect to increasing the element numbers and considered the fatty tissue as the elastic foundation in the finite element analysis. The results are as fallow ： 1. An anastomosis with the thinner thickness and larger diameter PTFE than artery could reduce the compliance disagreement. 2. A fatty tissue was affected to reduce the compliance mismatch in the vicinity of anastomosis of different material. Therefore a hypercompliant zone become narrorw and a compliance discrepancy decrease between the artery and the PTFE about 70%. And radial displacement with respect to longitudinal direction of an artery and the PTFE anastomosis was similar to a sectional compliance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 1995

It is attempted to estimate excitation force of a linear vibratory system using measured vibration responses. The excitation force is estimated from the relationship between the vibration response and system characteristic matrices which are extracted from both the mathematical model of the system and actual response in contrast to the usual approach of inverting the frequency response matrices. This extraction scheme is based on the fact that the vibration response can be expressed in term of linear combination of frequency domain modal vectors defined as mutually orthonormal basis vectors in frequency domain. The extracted frequency domain basis vectors are very stable in computational manipulation. It is found that the estimated excitation force is in good agreement with actually measured force except at the natural frequencies the structure, which is the common feature still to be overcome by the research efforts in this area. From the results of this paper, this disagreement is considered to come from the discrepancy between the model and actual value of the mass, damping and stiffness of the structure.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.61
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• pp.213-245
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• 2014

This study has significance in examining the formation requirements and notes for concluding the guarantee contract of minimizing interests and conflicts with the concerned parties by examining issues related to the legal relation and demand payment in the concerned parties and by figuring out the provisions of conformity related to the requirements for demand payment pertinent to the documentary provision in relation to characteristics of demand guarantee. What the concerned parties of using demand guarantee grasp the requirements for demand payment of being compliant with the essence and the guarantee condition of the demand guarantee will lead to possibly preventing a dispute caused by disagreement and being secured the fulfillment of underlying contract. To fulfill a underlying contract that is the objective of issuing the demand guarantee, an effort is needed that minimizes a contract-based risk and a cost by being fully aware of a relevant rule that will be recorded in the terms of payment in the demand guarantee, by reflecting the interests between the concerned parties, and by discussing the payment terms.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.283-289
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• 2004

The number of pixel defects including bright and black dots on a panel is one of the critical factors determining the quality of TFT-LCD. Since pixel defects on the TFT-LCD panels are sometimes unavoidable, manufacturers have to inspect the panels so that any panel with an unacceptable number of defects will not be delivered to the buyers. However, the buyers demand for the manufacturers to meet different pixel defects tolerances (acceptable number of pixel defects on a TFT-LCD panel) around central(tight) and peripheral(loose) inspection zones. The disagreement in quality standard among different buyers also cause confusions in screening non-confirmative products and unstable yield of production. Few research has focused on the effects of defect locations on a TFT-LCD panel on their detection probabilities and the rational division of defect inspection zones. In this research, experiments were conducted to find the detection probabilities of black dot defects with respect to their varying locations on a TFT-LCD. It is proposed a rational division of inspection zone on a TFT-LCD panel on the basis of detection probabilities of the defects. With these division of inspection zones and the mean defect detection probability within each zone, it is expected to establish a more reasonable pixel defects tolerances.