• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-22
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• 2020

Purpose: Clinical studies require institutional review board (IRB) approval based on the ethical principle and regulations. While the number of clinical studies has been increased and diversified, duplicated IRB review for multi-center studies has become a major issue. Therefore, single IRB system has been suggested in revised Common Rule. This study aimed to identify and assess the current status of single IRB in Korea and the anticipated needs of single IRB from researchers and IRB member or administrators. Methods: We developed 14 questions including perceived advantages and disadvantages of single IRB, and anticipated problems. The online survey collected opinions on single IRB from researchers, IRB members and IRB administrators. We also interviewed five IRB administrators who have an experience of single IRB. Results: A total of 80 responses were analyzed in this study. Although efficiencies were suggested for the advantages of single IRB in terms of reducing burden of duplicated review, respondents also perceived that the different review criteria between single IRB and each IRB would be a major hurdle for adopting single IRB system. Therefore, the standardization of standard of procedures (SOP) and the standardization of IRB submission materials should be preceded. According to the small group experiences of single IRB in Korea, we also observed the similar anticipated problems of single IRB. Conclusion: Single IRB system has many advantages for conducting multi-center trial. However, many specialists still have a lot of concerns about introducing a single IRB system in Korea. Therefore, a gradual, step-by-step process for conducting a single IRB system in Korea will be needed. Many studies for improving currently suggested single IRB system and the improvement of awareness about the essential of single IRB system would be needed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2023

High-reliability prediction of dam inflow is necessary for efficient dam operation. Recently, studies were conducted to predict the inflow of dams using Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP). Existing studies used the Gradient Descent (GD)-based optimizer as the optimizer among MLP operators to find the optimal correlation between data. However, the GD-based optimizers have disadvantages in that the prediction performance is deteriorated due to the possibility of convergence to the local optimal value and the absence of storage space. This study improved the shortcomings of the GD-based optimizer by developing Adaptive moments combined with Improved Harmony Search (AdamIHS), which combines Adaptive moments among GD-based optimizers and Improved Harmony Search (IHS). In order to evaluate the learning and prediction performance of MLP using AdamIHS, Daecheong Dam inflow was learned and predicted and compared with the learning and prediction performance of MLP using GD-based optimizer. Comparing the learning results, the Mean Squared Error (MSE) of MLP, which is 5 hidden layers using AdamIHS, was the lowest at 11,577. Comparing the prediction results, the average MSE of MLP, which is one hidden layer using AdamIHS, was the lowest at 413,262. Using AdamIHS developed in this study, it will be possible to show improved prediction performance in various fields.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6C
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• pp.385-393
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• 2006

Soil nailing is a reinforcement method used for stabilizing excavated walls or slopes. Due to its much advantages such as ease of construction and economical efficiency, use of soil nailing is increased. However, the soil nail has much disadvantages for use in urban area. The soil nail needs to be installed inevitably beyond private land boundary, which causes rent for use. For this reason, removable soil nailing system was developed. However, the removal rate of this system is just about 50￠¦70%. To resolve this problem, the Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) soil nailing system which does not need to be removed and allows for the installation beyond private land, is developed. In this paper, through theoretical and experimental studies in laboratory and field such as prototype tests, pullout tests, we evaluate the stability and behavior characteristics of the FRP soil nailing system. And, numerical analyses using FLAC2D were performed with respect to various soil conditions, where prototype test for excavation wall and pullout tests were carried out. As a result of this study, the FRP soil nailing systems show similar behavior characteristics with those of removable soil nailing system. Finally, considering the serviceability and mechanical stability of FRP soil nailing systems, it is enough to be used as a good alternative of general soil nailing system.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2015

Among the cultural groups that increase South Korea's diversity, there are adolescents returning to Korea after their stay abroad. From 15 in-depth interviews with those who stayed abroad for longer than 5 years, 11 codes were generated. The codes were divided into two categories: "assets" when the multicultural experience served as resources for the returnees adapting to Korean culture successfully and "disadvantages" when the multiple experience remained fragmented for the returnees experiencing difficulty in re-acculturation. The distinguishing factors between the success and difficulty in re-acculturation appeared to be the cultural identity as Korean and the "openness to experience." The interwoven nature of personal and social factors stood out, along with the role of cultural identity throughout the process. Also the "openness to experience" as a strategy of integrating the past experiences is discussed, as well as the implications of the findings and the suggestions for future studies in the contemporary multicultural South Korea as a host society.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.53-71
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• 2023

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) refers to factors that are important for assessing a firm's social and environmental effect, as well as its governance standards. This paper investigates the relationship between ESG-based corporate governance and SDGs strategy implementation by discussing about incorporating ESG issues into corporate operations. It digs into the advantages and disadvantages of aligning corporate governance with the SDGs, demonstrating the potential for delivering long-term value for both firms and society as a whole. In this paper, we investigate ESG-Based Knowledge Management (ESG-KM), a knowledge management system that incorporates sustainability principles. More specifically, the paper investigates how the synergy between ESG-KM and ESG-Based Corporate Governance (ESG-CG) might influence firms' long-term value creation, stakeholder involvement, and sustainable decision-making. Finally, this paper investigates how public organizations might use knowledge management to improve the implementation and effect of ESG-CG principles, resulting in better sustainable outcomes. Public enterprises may support responsible decision-making, increase stakeholder involvement, and achieve long-term performance by linking ESG principles with corporate governance standards. The paper then explores how ESG-KM might help public firms integrate these concepts into their governance structures. The scientific novelty of this paper resides in its thorough investigation, realistic implementation methodologies, and novel combination of ESG principles, corporate governance, and knowledge management. Furthermore, by providing actionable insights and emphasizing the application of these concepts in the context of public enterprises, the paper makes a valuable contribution to the field of management, propelling the discourse on responsible and sustainable business practices in both the private and public sectors.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.439 -447
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• 2023

This paper aims to develop a map for optimized class space using ZEP among the metaverse platforms. As a research method, the classroom space was organized so that the subject of learning became a learner, and the classroom space was modified and supplemented to optimize while being applied to elementary school computer classes. The contents of the study investigated learners' prior perception of metaverse, and compared and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the metaverse platform. In addition, the map was designed by reflecting the results of the survey, and after applying the map to the class, necessary APIs and apps were installed to supplement it. As a result, the learner became the subject of learning in the metaverse space, freely identified the space, and actively participated in the class. In particular, we found that students who were passive offline and those who had a low participation rate due to lack of skills participated more actively. In particular, students who were passive offline or whose participation was low due to lack of skills participated more actively. If API and JavaScript programs are added to collect log data of learners for learning analysis, real-time feedback is possible for learners, and learner feedback is possible for instructors with statistical data. If this is possible, the metaverse space can fully expect the role of a learning assistant for learners and a teaching assistant for instructors.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2023

The use of sulfur(S) in concrete has been variously studied as a way to improve salt resistance in concrete. However, sulfur is a solid material and is difficult to powder, which has disadvantages in its usability as an admixture or mixture for cement and concrete. For these problem, polymers such as dicyclopentadiene have been used to modify sulfur, but this also exists in a sticky state after modifying and does not improve the fundamental problem. So, reforming sulfur with slaked lime and the effect on cement hydration was examined by reforming sulfur with slaked lime, and the following conclusions were obtained. Depending on the reaction conditions, slaked lime modified bio-sulfur exists in a slurry state containing unreacted sulfur, unreacted slaked lime, calcium-sulfur(Ca-S) compounds and water. When slaked lime modified bio-sulfur is used as a cement mixture, salt resistance of concrete with slaked lime modified bio-sulfur is to be superior to that of plain concrete. This is believed to be because structure of cement hydrates with slaked lime modified bio-sulfur is to be more dense to that of plain cement hydrates by the continued presence of ettringite and can be used as a cement mixture in concrete.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2023

Prestressed Concrete (PSC) girders are divided into pre- and post-tension types as prestressing method, and I- and U-type as cross-sectional shape. There are both advantages and disadvantages depending on each prestressing method and cross-sectional shape, and each method is applied to bridge construction sites. In this study, a new girder design was attempted to develop that overcomes its shortcomings by using the pretension method and U-type cross sectional shape. Its structural performance was verified in this study. Pretension type girders are mainly manufactured in factories because they require a reaction arm and related facilities, and have the disadvantage of being limited in weight and span length for road transportation. In addition, in the case of the U-type cross-section, structural stability is very reliable during construction against overturning, but its own weight is relatively large comparing to I-type, and the post-tension method is mainly applied after on-site production. In this study, a PSC girder manufacturing method using the field pretension was proposed and a span length of 40 m real-scale test specimen was manufactured and verified its structural performance.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.270-286
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• 2023

This article is about the conservation and use cases of Horogoru, a Goguryeo site located in Wondang-ri, Jangnam-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun in Gyoenggi Province. After Horogoru was excavated, it was decided to build a park around it as a way to prevent damage, and also to plant sunflowers to symbolize the sun. Naming the park 'Tong-il Balagi Park', which refers to the wish for unification, local residents and other related organizations jointly opened the site. Afterwards, they looked for ways to utilize the location and park, and chose to hold the 'Tong-il Balagi Festival'. The festival is an event held under the leadership of local residents, which has the effect of promoting both conservation and cultural property, as well as generating economic benefits. In other words, the Yeoncheon-gun, Jangnam-myeon Tong-il Balagi Festival can be said to be an exemplary example of successfully overcoming various disadvantages associated with the border area near the ceasefire line through local residents' own utilization of cultural property.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.17-23
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• 2023

This study purports to explore the landscape of welfare attitudes of young generation of Korea in their 20s and 30s focusing upon potential differences from those of older generations. Korea has recently been in the significant debate on pension reform and the disadvantages of relatively young generations has been on of the most crucial issues during the reform. Survey data from 17th Korean Welfare Panel are analyzed and such variable as attitudes toward government expenditure on public pension, health care, old age support, poverty, family and child care and so on. In addition, welfare-related variables such as universalism vs selectivism, tax increase for welfare expenditure, and political orientation are to be analyzed. The results show several findings. First of all, correspondence analysis shows that young generation in Korea are strongly associated with higher education and full time employment compared to older generations. Secondly, the most interested welfare issues of young generations are housing and child support. Moreover, young generations' attitudes toward government expenditure increase differ from those of older generations on the issues of public pension, housing, and family and child support. Lastly, political orientation of those young generation tend to be progressive and they support universalism in welfare policy, but they do not support tax increase for welfare purpose, which, I would say, is inconsistent.