• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2010

Sprouty (Spry) proteins have previously been suggested as negative regulators of the MAPK pathway through interaction with Raf-1. However, the molecular basis of this inhibition has not been elucidated. In this study, we used cells expressing FLAGtagged Raf-1 with point mutations at known phosphorylation sites to reveal that activation of Raf-1 mutants does not correlate with their degree of interaction with Spry2. The association of Raf-1 with Spry2 in intact cells was further corroborated by immunofluorescence colocalization. Additionally, there was no significant change observed in the strength of interaction between Raf-1 mutants and Spry2 after paclitaxel treatment despite differences in the activation levels of these mutants. Thus, our study provides the evidence that Spry2 does not directly regulate Raf-1 kinase activity, but instead acts as a scaffolding protein that assists interactions between Raf-1 kinase and its direct regulators.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.363-367
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• 2002

Reactive of gen species (ROS) contribute to several cellular function and are involved in the regulation of signal transduction, gene expression, and proliferation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of $H_2O_2$ treatment on IgM secretion in LPS-stimulated murine B Iymphoma, CH12.LX. Cells were treated directly With $H_2O_2$ and stimulated with LPS. $H_2O_2$ treatment during 72 h time period inhibited IgM secretion in LPS-stimulated CH12.LX cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners. After treatment with 50 $\mu\textrm{M}$ $H_2O_2$ during 72 h time period, the level of IgM in LPS-stimulated CH12.LX cells was markedly decreased, whereas cell viability was not significantly changed. Addition of $H_2O_2$ concomitantly with LPS, or 12 h post-LPS stimulation, produced a significant inhibition of IgM secretion, Whereas inhibitory effect of $H_2O_2$ on IgM secretion was not observed when added 24 h after LPS stimulation. These findings suggest that $H_2O_2$ can inhibit the secretion of IgM in LPS-stimulated CH15.LX cells, and may alter the events necessary for terminal B cell differentiation.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.10-15
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• 2002

Surface states of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) treated by plasma were investigated by the analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and surface voltage decay. Plasma treatment causes the silica-like(SiO$\_$x/, x=3∼4) oxidative layer, which is confirmed with XPS, and lowers surface resistivity from 1.78$\times$1014 Ω/square to 1.09$\times$10$\^$13/ Ω/square with increasing the plasma treatment time. By measuring the decay time constant of surface voltage, the calculated surface resistivity was compared with the value directly measured by a voltage-current method, so good agreement between two methods was obtained. It was observed that the plasma treatment led to decrease of the thermal activation energy of the surface conduction from 31.0 kJ/mol of untreated specimen to 21.8 kJ/mol. It is found that our results allow the examination of effects of plasma on electrical properties of PDMS.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 1974

The relations of the growth responses of plants, i.e. 4 species of crops, 12 species of roadside trees and 5 species of horticultural plants to cadmium (Cd) to which added soil were studied in pot culture. Growth in dry weight of corn, soybean, barley and wheat plant were decreased with increase of Cd concentration. Damage of corn plant caused by Cd treatment was more or less recovered when it was grown in soil with calcium, but that of other three crops was not recovered when it was with calcium. Although crop plants used here absorbed small amount of Cd through root, Cd content in the shoot was directly proportionate to the concentration of Cd treated to soil. Additions of calcium and sulfur to soil were effectively to change of soil pH, and only of calcium increased exchangeable calcium and cation exchange capacity of its soil. The chlorosis on leaves caused by Cd treatment was observed in 2 species such as Euonymus japonica and Rhododendron yedoense out of 5 species of the horticultural plants, especially at 50ppm of Cd concentration, Euonymus japonica occurred symptoms of chlorosis and difoliation, and at the higher concentration than that the symtoms were sever more and more. At 200 ppm of Cd feeble damage was observed in Pinus koraiensis and Ginkgo biloba but severe chlorosis observed in Robinia pseudoacacia and Sabina chinensis, Buxus koreana, Abies holophylla and Platanus orientalis. Nevertheless those plants had serious damage at 200 ppm of Cd, such symptom was weakened by adding calcium to soil with Cd. There were many Cd tolerant species out of the plants used in thies xperiment, such as Crassula falcata, Chrysanthemum morfolium, Hibiscus syriacus, Ligustrum ovalifolium, Liriodendron tulipeferia, Lespedeza crytobotrys.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1999

Conservation treatment was done for the pottery-stand of Kaya period which was to be exhibited in celebration of the opening of Kimhae National Museum and for the jar of Chinese celadon which was to be exhibited in Korea National Museum's special exhibition "Formation of Ancient States". Through the examinations by naked eyes and under the microscope, condition before treatment, patterns and manufacturing techniques of the objects were observed. According to these examinations, conservation treatments, suitable for each object was finished. As the pottery-stand was damaged severely, the epoxy resin was pasted directly on the broken surface of the pottery to restore the original shape and pattern, color and feeling similar to original state were given to the restored area. Although same restoration material was applied on the celadon, it was not pasted directly on the broken surface of the celadon so that the restored area could be dismantled, and color and feeling were also treated somewhat differently.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

This study observed the effects of the double combination of temperatures-times (2 temperatures: 2 times combination, 2T2T) in sous vide cooking method on the physicochemical properties and collagen solubility (CS) of semitendinosus muscle from cattle and goat as a comparison to common sous vide treatment (1 temperature: 1 time combination, 1T1T). The new invention of sous vide cooking method (2T2T) cooked at the first temperature at $45^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, and the second temperature at $60^{\circ}C$, $65^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, and labeled as N45-60, N45-65, and N45-70, respectively. While, common sous vide treatment (1T1T) were cooked directly for 6 h at $60^{\circ}C$ (T60), $65^{\circ}C$ (T65), and $70^{\circ}C$ (T70). Results revealed that cooking with 2T2T treatment improved the water-holding capacity and reduced the cooking loss of both beef and goat meat. The $L^*$ values have no apparent changes between treatment in beef and goat meat, while $a^*$ values of N45-60 treated goat presented markedly higher values than other treatments but an only slight increase in beef at the same treatment (p>0.05). Again, 2T2T treatment tended to decrease mean shear force (SF) values for beef and goat meat with the lowest SF values recorded at N45-60, and the CS no or less influenced this value. Therefore, the application of innovative sous vides cooking method (2T2T) presented comparable values in the treated beef and goat meat as compared to common sous vide method (1T1T).

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.520-524
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Intralesional steroid injections have been administered as prophylaxis for stenosis after esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection. However, this method carries a risk of potential complications such as perforation because a fine needle is used to directly puncture the postoperative ulcer. We devised a new method of steroid intralesional infusion using a spray tube and evaluated its efficacy and safety. Methods: Intralesional steroid infusion using a spray tube was performed on 27 patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal cancer with three-quarters or more of the lumen circumference resected. The presence or absence of stenosis, complications, and the number of endoscopic balloon dilations (EBDs) performed were evaluated after treatment. Results: Although stenosis was not observed in 22 of the 27 patients, five patients had stenosis and dysphagia requiring EBD. The stenosis in these five patients was relieved after four EBDs. No complications related to intralesional steroid infusion using the spray tube were observed. Conclusions: Intralesional steroid infusion using a spray tube is a simple and safe technique that is adequately effective in preventing stenosis (clinical trial number, UMIN000037567).

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2011

Radiation exposure may cause tissue damage by ionized or excited atoms. The molecules are transformed from water or they directly interact with cells. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C are used to reduce the interference of radiation. Especially, vitamin E inhibits the formation and accumulation of lipid and oxidation and the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes. After irradiation of 3 Gy to the testis, the entire shape of testis was partly depressed and an irregular vacuole was observed to the edge. The 3 Gy group after treatment with vitamin E showed the low destruction of spermatogonia and partial tissue damage as compared to the 3 Gy group. Vitamin E inhibited the production of vacuoles from the cell death and generated the block to prevent the condensation of the seminiferous tubules.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.240-243
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• 1998

Subcutaneous emphysema is an unusual and rarely reported complication of tonsillectomy. The more commen complications are hemorrhage, infection and following anesthesia, aspiration, cardiac arrhythmia, and laryngeal trauma can occur. Posttonsillectomy subcutaneous emphysema results directly from the introduction of air into the tonsillar bed either during the surgical procedure itself or in the postoperative period. This condition is generally benign and self limiting and usually requires treatment only for the primary respiratory disease. In this report, we describe a 40-year-old female patient in whom subcutaneous emphysema developed shortly after tonsillectomy. She was observed for 5 days, at which point subcutaneous emphysema was seen on the follow up soft tissue neck X-ray to disappeared.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2004

A successful, efficient system for multiple shoot induction and plant regeneration of soybean (Glycine max) was established. Four soybean genotypes were compared for organogenic responses on various media cultured under light conditions. The adventitious shoots (98%, 2.6 shoots/cotyledon) directly from one-day-old cotyledon after germination induced by the hormone treatment and its efficiency was higher than any other conditions. The optimal medium for the induction of multiple shoots from cotyledon in Pungsannamulkong(shoot formation rate, 98%), Lx 16 (83%) and IIpumgeomjeongkong(63%) was MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP, but for Alchankong(75%), MS medium supplemented with 1mg/L zeatin and 1mg/L IAA, 3% sucrose, 4% Phytagel. Higher root induction (88%) was observed from the shoots placed on rooting medium (hormone-free MS basal). Plantlets were transferred onto the same medium supplemented with 1% activated charcoal for further development. With this treatment, regenerated plantlets were obtained within 7-8 weeks (shoot induction for 4 weeks, rooting and shoot elongation for 3-4 weeks).