• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1221-1223
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• 2003

With speediness of economy, the structure of land use has taken lots of change. How can we quickly and exactly obtain detailed land use/cover change information, and then we know land resource amount, quality, distributing and change direction. More and more high resolution satellite systems are under development. So we can make good use of RS data, existed GIS data and GPS data to extract change information and update map. In this paper a fully automated approach for detecting land use/cover change using remote sensing data with object-oriented classification based on GIS data, GPS data is presented (referring to Fig.1). At same time, I realize integrating raster with vector methods of updating the basic land use/land cover map based on 3S technology and this is becoming one of the most important developing direction in 3S application fields; land-use and cover change fields over the world. It has been successful applied in two tasks of The Ministry of Land and Resources P.R.C and taken some of benefit.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the injury mechanism and to provide quantitative data to use in prevention or posture correction training by conducting kinematic and kinetic analyses of risk factors of lower extremity joint injury depending on the change of direction at different angles after a landing motion. Method: This study included 11 men in their twenties (age: $24.6{\pm}1.7years$, height: $176.6{\pm}4.4cm$, weight: $71.3{\pm}8.0kg$) who were right-leg dominant. By using seven infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden), one force platform (AMTI, USA), and an accelerometer (Noraxon, USA), single-leg drop landing was performed at a height of 30 cm. The joint range of motion (ROM) of the lower extremity, peak joint moment, peak joint power, peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF), and peak vertical acceleration were measured. For statistical analysis, one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted at a significance level of ${\alpha}$ <.05. Results: Ankle and knee joint ROM in the sagittal plane significantly differed, respectively (F = 3.145, p = .024; F = 14.183, p = .000), depending on the change of direction. However, no significant differences were observed in the ROM of ankle and knee joint in the transverse plane. Significant differences in peak joint moment were also observed but no statistically significant differences were found in negative joint power between the conditions. Peak vertical GRF was high in landing (LAD) and after landing, left $45^{\circ}$ cutting (LLC), with a significant difference (F = 9.363, p = .000). The peak vertical acceleration was relatively high in LAD and LLC compared with other conditions, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: We conclude that moving in the left direction may expose athletes to greater injury risk in terms of joint kinetics than moving in the right direction. However, further investigation of joint injury mechanisms in sports would be required to confirm these findings.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1167-1172
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• 2007

Generally inpipe robot needs force above standing for contacting robot to pipe. If the environment of the pipe-inside does not change, there is not a problem. But if the pipe radius change, or occur the obstacle which it does not intend, problem gets. So it uses a different system and must know an environment change, and changing the shape or a form of the robot. The research uses the flexible leg and is the robot which is adapted to the environment change of the pipe. The advantage of this robot is possible to move when it does not need to recognize a change of environment of pipe. Leg is bend with one direction. When it moves part that there are legs effect of leg direction the robot is moved with only one direction. If friction between legs and pipe is sufficient, not only verticality pipe moving, but also curved pipe moving. Also the obstacle of the pipe inside occurs and the diameter of the pipe inside changes, this robot can move if it does not use another system or device.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 2016

In this study, datum points measurement have been collected and then weather data have been analyzed to figure out erosion and deposition environmental change around Halmi-island, Baramarae. First of all, it was difficult to analyze geomorphological change which is caused by climate change because of quite short term of collection period of data. However, differences in spatial distribution of erosion and deposition have locally been shown. In all season, the wind is blowing in north and north-west direction mostly except in summer which is shifted to south direction. However, since its ratio which are above 5m/s is much lower than the north and north-west wind, its effect on geomorphological process is very tiny. In order to look at a tendency of erosion and deposition environmental change around Baramarae Halmi-island, the periphery of Halmi-island was classified to east and west part, then accumulated erosion and deposition values have been calculated. As a result, generally, the datum points are located in the west part which are mostly depositional sites. On the other hand, the datum points are located in east part showed the dominant erosion patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.806-814
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the change in compressive strength, freacture behavior and degradation of piezoelectric properties with compressive cyclic loading in Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 of tetragonal, morphotropic phase boundary and rhombohedral composition. The highest compressive strength was found in rhombohedral composition. After poling treatment the strength increased by 8.4% and 6.5% in tetragonal and morphotropic phase boundary compositions respectively while changed little in rhombohedral. The increase of compressive strength after poling treatment is believed to be due to the internal stress around grain boundary by domain alginment toward electric field direction in the microstructures having tetragonality and the occurrence of domain switching to the direction perpendicular to electrical field during fracture. Fracture mode relatively change from transgranular to intergranular was observed in the large grain sized tetragonal and morphotropic phase boundary compositions before and after poling but the transgranular fracture mode always remained in the rhombohedral composition. From the X-ray diffractometer analysis the domains parallel to the electric field direction is known to undergo rearrangement during the cyclic loading into random direction that is responsible for the degradation of piezoelectric property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.1366-1369
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• 2010

Along with the increasing need of sea development, the hydraulic stability of seabed structure on a soft seafloor ground is becoming an issue in the course of seaside development recently. However, the movement and hydraulic resistance or hydraulic stability of seafloor ground are mutually coupled with various phenomena, and there has been no clear proof for the issue, which makes it difficult to forecast. Furthermore, most researches are focused on hydraulic variables and the conditions of marine external force, while there have been few researches into the assessment in consideration of the type of a seafloor ground and the geotechnical characteristics. In addition, according to the periodic change of the flow direction, possible changes in hydraulic resistance performance of the seafloor deserves all the recognition. But there is no way to measure the hydraulic unstability of the sea ground due to tidal flow quantitatively. In this study, conventional hydraulic resistance measurement apparatus was improved to consider direction change of the current flow. Various artificial clayey soil specimens were made from Kaolinite and Jumunjin standard sand and hydraulic resistance tests were performed by changing the flow direction to validate the effect of the direction change on the scour of the seafloor.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Shinmun-acupuncture stimulation on the relationship of change in electrocardiopgraphy (ECG). Methods : For this purpose, 11 healthy volunteers were acupunctured at Shinmun acupoint using the reinforcing or reducing by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs or in the opposite direction (迎隨補瀉). Then, we measured and observed the change of standard leads I, II and III in ECG. Results : In lead I , acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of PR interval and PR segment compared to the control group. In lead II, during the acupuncture treated group by inserting the needle in the opposite direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of T wave duration, and after the acupuncture group by inserting the needle in the same direction as the channel runs was increased the activity of PR interval. In lead III, acupuncture treated groups were increased the activity of ST duration, PR interval and QT interval. Conclusions : These results suggested that Shinmun acupuncture stimulation plays an important role on the activities of ECG.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.335-353
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• 2011

This study examines how and which direction respondents who participated in 5-point Likert scale surveys change their initial responses when they are given an identical second survey after certain treatments. The research employs three identical questionnaires (first, second and third surveys) to analyze survey results based on group differences, kinds of treatment, survey purposes, and response change direction and the degree. This paper concludes that, first, it is significant that specialist groups do not change their initial responses compared to a general librarian group. Second, there are no differences by survey purpose; however, participants tend to change their initial responses by others' opinions rather than by previous use experiences. Third, participants who initially answered positively tend not to change their responses, and most participants who answered negatively change their initial responses in a positive direction. Fourth, when there are changes, participants change their initial responses by less than two points, and most of them change by one point. Finally, the hypothesis that middle responses change most and that participants who respond at both ends do not change their opinion was rejected by the finding that participants who answered on the negative end tend to change their initial responses in a positive direction.

• Archives of design research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1992

Today, the art and the architecture face up to the problem of loss of direction. So, the derection of post have been lost. This phenomina cause the second loss of direction, because the mode of pre-modernism is underestimated. After all, the mode and philosophy of after-modernism face up to the new crisis of derection. Present artists, archtectures and designers have to acnieve new trial and study for estimation of aestetics and directions. Ultimately, constant exercise and study of philosophy, morpholophy, morphology, current mode and new materials is necessary to search a methodology. This all have to be accomplished by the clear philosophy. The original identity is formed in environmental basis. So, first, architectures, designers, and artist understand native identity, second, we sho have acadenical and practical faculties impose significance. In case of Europe, the change of mode have led paradigm of culture. The great change of social culture have come out the wave of revolution that cross in design, architecture and art. 1920's of modernism evolve 1960's completion. In the change of life style, functionalism have evolved postmodernnism. But, in this change we do not suggest the new derection that form concrete idea and sympathy. This phenomina appear in the end of a centry, and nowaday is that day. This trends effect on artists, architectures, and designers, and design and will be changed. Finally, we need to study of concrete and new direction in this circumstance.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1988.10a
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• pp.103-108
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• 1988

A walking robot must have the ability to change the body direction in order to avoid the obstacles. In this paper, we develop a gait control algorithm that can maintain the stable movement of the robot for three different modes of changing directions. The algorithm makes it possible for the robot to have the larger gait stability margin than the threshold value by the method of changing the body speed.