• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.2464-2476
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• 2021

Direct-contact heat transfer of a single saturated droplet upon colliding with a heated wall in the regime of film boiling was experimentally investigated using high-resolution infrared thermometry technique. This technique provides transient local wall heat flux distributions during the entire collision period. In addition, various physical parameters relevant to the mechanistic modelling of these phenomena can be measured. The obtained results show that when single droplets dynamically collide with a heated surface during film boiling above the Leidenfrost point temperature, typically determined by droplet collision dynamics without considering thermal interactions, small spots of high heat flux due to localized wetting during the collision appear as increasing We_n. A systematic comparison revealed that existing theoretical models do not consider these observed physical phenomena and have lacks in accurately predicting the amount of direct-contact heat transfer. The necessity of developing an improved model to account for the effects of local wetting during the direct-contact heat transfer process is emphasized.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.344-353
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• 2002

A reliable computational heat transfer model has been investigated to define the heat transfer characteristics of a spray column direct contact heat exchanger, which is often utilized in the process involving counterflows for heat and mass transfer operations. Most of the previous studies investigated are one-dimensional unsteady solutions based on rather fragmentary experimental data. Development of a multidimensional numerical model and a computational algorithm are essential to analyze the inherent multidimensional characteristics of a direct contact heat exchanger. The present study has been carried out numerically and establishes a solid simulation algorithm for the operation of a direct contact heat exchanger. Operational and system parameters such as the speed and direction of working fluid droplets at the injection point, and the effects of aspect ratio and void fraction of continuous fluid are examined thoroughly as well to assess their influence on the performance of a spray column.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.110-116
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• 1998

For the vibration analysis of 3-dimensional piping system containing fluid flow, a transfer matrix method is presented. The fluid velocity and pressure were considered, that coupled to longitudinal and flexural vibrations. Transfer matrices and point matrices were derived from direct solutions of the differential equations of motion of pipe conveying fluids, and the variations of natural frequency with flow velocity for 3-dimensional piping system were investigated.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2017

In this study, we propose an automatic contrast enhancement method based on transfer function modification (TFM) by histogram equalization. Previous histogram-based global contrast enhancement techniques employ histogram modification, whereas we propose a direct TFM technique that considers the mean brightness of an image during contrast enhancement. The mean point shifting method using a transfer function is proposed to preserve the mean brightness of an image. In addition, the linearization of transfer function technique, which has a histogram flattening effect, is designed to reduce visual artifacts. An attenuation factor is automatically determined using the maximum value of the probability density function in an image to control its rate of contrast. A new quantitative measurement method called sparsity of a histogram is proposed to obtain a better objective comparison relative to previous global contrast enhancement methods. According to our experimental results, we demonstrated the performance of our proposed method based on generalized measures and the newly proposed measurement.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2471-2476
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• 2008

Turbulent flow and heat transfer to water at supercritical pressure flowing in vertical pipes is investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS). A conservative space-time discretization scheme for variable-density flows at low Mach numbers is adopted in the present study to treat steep variations of fluid properties at supercritical pressure just above the thermodynamic critical point. The fluid properties at these conditions are obtained using PROPATH and used in the form of tables in the simulations. The buoyancy influence induced by strong variation of density across the pseudo-critical temperature proved to play an important role in turbulent flow and heat transfer at supercritical state. Depending on the degree of buoyancy influence, turbulent heat transfer may be enhanced or significantly deteriorated, resulting in local hot spots along the heated surface.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.946-957
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• 1994

In the steel industries, direct rolling process for production of strip from molten metal has been investigated to simplify processes, to minimize energy consumption, and to improve quality of the strip. In this study, two kinds of practicable scale cooling rollers are proposed. And heat transfer analysis of pool region and cooling roller considering flow of molten metal and roll rotation respectively using the finite element method are performed to obtain the proper initial condition and to observe cooling characteristics of cooling roller. From the results, variations of solidification final points and temperature distribution in roller are observed quantitatively according to roll rotation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1302-1314
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• 2004

Turbulent heat transfer to $CO_2$ at supercritical pressure flowing in vertical tubes is investigated using direct numerical simulation (DNS). A conservative space-time discretization scheme for variable-density flows at low Mach numbers is adopted in the present study to treat steep variations of fluid properties at supercritical pressure just above the thermodynamic critical point. The fluid properties at these conditions are obtained using PROPATH and used in the form of tables in the simulations. The buoyancy influence induced by strong variation of density across the pseudo-critical temperature proved to play a major role in turbulent heat transfer at supercritical state. Depending on the degree of buoyancy influence, turbulent heat transfer may be enhanced or significantly deteriorated, resulting in local hot spots along the heated surface. Based on the results of the present DNS combined with theoretical considerations, the physical mechanism of this local heat transfer deterioration is elucidated.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.973-976
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• 2011

This letter describes an efficient technique for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of an energy harvesting device. It is based on controlling the device voltage at the point of maximum power. Using a microcontroller with a power saving technique, the MPPT algorithm maintains the maximum power with low power consumption. An experiment shows that the algorithm maximizes the energy transfer power using an energy management IC fabricated in a 0.18-${\mu}m$ process. Compared to direct energy transfer to a battery, the proposed technique is more efficient for low-energy harvesting under variable conditions.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 2014

An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of laminar syngas/air mixture with 10% hydrogen content impinging normally to a flat plate of cylinder. Effects of impinging distance, Reynolds number and equivalence ratio as major parameters on heat fluxes of stagnation point and radial direction were examined experimentally by the direct photos and data acquisitions from heat flux sensor. In this work, we could find the incurved flame behavior of line shaped inner top-flame in very closed distance between flat plate and burner exit, which has been not reported from general gas-fuels. There were 3 times of maximum and 2 times minimum heat flux of stagnation point with respect to the impinging distance for the investigation of Reynolds number and equivalence ratio effect. It was confirmed that the maximum heat flux of stagnation point in 1'st and 2'nd peaks increased with the increase of the Reynolds number due to the Nusselt number increment. There was a third maximum rise in the heat flux of stagnation point for larger separation distances and this phenomenon was different each for laminar and turbulent condition. The heat transfer characteristics between the stagnation and wall jet region in radial heat flux profiles was investigated by the averaged heat flux value. It has been observed that the values of averaged heat flux traced well with the characteristics of major parameters and the decreasing of averaged heat flux was coincided with the decreasing trend of adiabatic temperature in spite of the same flow condition, especially for impinging distance and equivalence ratio effects.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.3B
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• pp.91-98
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• 1999

In order to reject the steady-state tracking error, it is common to introduce integral compensators in servosystems for constant reference signals. However, if the mathematical model of the plant is exact and no disturbance input exists, the integral compensation is not necessary. From this point of view, a two-degree-of-freedom(2DOF) servosystem has been proposed, in which the integral compensation is effective only when there is a modeling error or a disturbance input. The present paper considers a synthesis problems of this 32DOF servosystem with direct transfer term in the system representation. And, a method how we may obtain a gain such that desirable transient response is achieved, is proposed in the presence of the modelling error and disturbance input.